Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) develops within a profoundly immunosuppressive tumor immune microenvironment (TIME), which limits the efficacy of immunotherapy. Polarization of tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) toward a pro-tumorigenic M2 phenotype is a major driver of immune escape. Ferroptosis, an iron-dependent regulated cell death program, intersects with hepatic iron metabolism and immune regulation and thus offers promising points of therapeutic intervention. This review systematically elucidates the mechanistic role of TAM ferroptosis in HCC immune evasion and highlights a “bidirectional regulation” intervention strategy grounded in the Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) principle of “fortifying healthy qi and eliminating pathogens” (Fuzheng Quxie). This strategy employs “eliminating pathogens” (Quxie) approaches to exploit the metabolic vulnerability of M2-like TAMs and precisely induce their ferroptosis. Moreover, it utilizes “fortifying healthy qi” (Fuzheng) approaches to protect M1-like TAMs and CD8⁺ T cells from oxidative damage. This parallel “induction-protection” paradigm demonstrates the unique advantages of TCM in systemically remodeling TIME through multitarget synergistic actions. Accordingly, precision regulation of TAM ferroptosis based on the Fuzheng Quxie theory represents a promising integrative Chinese-Western medicine strategy for overcoming current bottlenecks in HCC immunotherapy, although its clinical translational potential warrants further validation.

This article reports a case of a male patient with anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor （NMDAR） encephalitis comorbid with early-onset Alzheimer's disease （AD）. The patient presented with depression， hallucinations and delusions syndrome， and cognitive impairment， and was admitted to a psychiatric hospital. Through multidisciplinary consultation， the diagnosis was confirmed based on positive biological and pathological biomarkers. The patient's symptoms improved after receiving a therapeutic regimen comprising high-dose glucocorticoid therapy and psychiatric-related treatments. Based on relevant current research findings domestically and internationally， this article reviews the pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of early-onset AD and anti-NMDAR encephalitis， in order to enhance the discrimination ability of psychiatric specialists for such patients and improve the diagnosis and treatment level. ［Funded by Medical Research Project of Chengdu City （number， 2024403）］

As new evidence emerges, treatment strategies toward the functional cure of chronic hepatitis B are evolving. In 2019, a panel of national hepatologists published a Consensus Statement on the functional cure of chronic hepatitis B. Currently, an international group of hepatologists has been assembled to evaluate research since the publication of the original consensus, and to collaboratively develop the updated statements. The 2.0 Consensus was aimed to update the original consensus with the latest available studies, and provide a comprehensive overview of the current relevant scientific literatures regarding functional cure of hepatitis B, with a particular focus on issues that are not yet fully clarified. These cover the definition of functional cure of hepatitis B, its mechanisms and barriers, the effective strategies and treatment roadmap to achieve this endpoint, in particular new surrogate biomarkers used to measure efficacy or to predict response, and the appropriate approach to pursuing a functional cure in special populations, the development of emerging antivirals and immunomodulators with potential for curing hepatitis B. The statements are primarily intended to offer international guidance for clinicians in their practice to enhance the functional cure rate of chronic hepatitis B.

A portable molecularly imprinted(MIP)surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)chip was fabricated via a green electrochemical approach for highly selective detection of bisphenol A(BPA).This MIP-AuNP/UIO-66/SPE sensor was fabricated through a single-step co-deposition process.The process involved electropolymerization onto a UIO-66 modified screen-printed electrode(SPE),by usingo-phenylenediamine(OPD)as functional monomer and BPA as template,and simultaneously electro-reduction generated gold nanoparticles(AuNPs),which served as the SERS-active substrate.Ultimately,this one-step method formed a three-dimensional porous architecture on the electrode surface.Under 785 nm laser excitation,the sensing chip exhibited a highly sensitive SERS response towards BPA.The intensity of its characteristic peak at 850 cm-1 showed a good linear relationship with logarithm of BPA concentration in the range of 1.0×10-10 to 1.0×10-6 mol/L,with a detection limit of 1.0×10-12 mol/L.More importantly,the fabricated chips maintained highly selective binding affinity for BPA in water samples even in the presence of structural analogs bisphenol F(BPF)and bisphenol S(BPS).When the chip was applied to detection of BPA in water samples from plastic bottle and paper cup,the recovery rates ranged from 94.0%to 103.0%with relative standard deviations(RSD)less than 4.7%.The developed chip offered a highly sensitive and selective solution for detection of trace BPA in complex water samples.

As new evidence emerges, treatment strategies toward the functional cure of chronic hepatitis B are evolving. In 2019, a panel of national hepatologists published a Consensus Statement on the functional cure of chronic hepatitis B. Currently, an international group of hepatologists has been assembled to evaluate research since the publication of the original consensus, and to collaboratively develop the updated statements. The 2.0 Consensus was aimed to update the original consensus with the latest available studies, and provide a comprehensive overview of the current relevant scientific literatures regarding functional cure of hepatitis B, with a particular focus on issues that are not yet fully clarified. These cover the definition of functional cure of hepatitis B, its mechanisms and barriers, the effective strategies and treatment roadmap to achieve this endpoint, in particular new surrogate biomarkers used to measure efficacy or to predict response, and the appropriate approach to pursuing a functional cure in special populations, the development of emerging antivirals and immunomodulators with potential for curing hepatitis B. The statements are primarily intended to offer international guidance for clinicians in their practice to enhance the functional cure rate of chronic hepatitis B.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of 2,6-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone (2,6-DMBQ) in a mouse model of asthma. METHODS: SPF-grade BALB/c mice were randomly divided into 7 groups (n=8 each group): normal control group, ovalbumin (OVA) group, dimethyl sulfoxide+corn oil group, budesonide (BUD) group, and low, medium, and high dose 2,6-DMBQ groups. An asthma mouse model was established by OVA induction, followed by corresponding drug interventions. Non-invasive lung function tests were performed to measure airway hyperresponsiveness, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine levels of interleukin (IL)-17, IL-10, and serum immunoglobulin E in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. A cell counter was employed to detect eosinophil counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, while hematoxylin-eosin staining and periodic acid-Schiff staining were used to assess lung tissue pathological changes. Western blot was conducted to examine the expression of proteins related to the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway (p-AKT/AKT and p-p70S6K/p70S6K), and a fully automated biochemical analyzer was used to evaluate liver and kidney functions. RESULTS: Compared with the normal control group, the OVA group showed increased enhanced pause values, inflammation scores from hematoxylin-eosin staining, positive area from periodic acid-Schiff staining, percentage of eosinophils, IL-17/IL-10 ratio, serum immunoglobulin E levels, and relative expression levels of p-AKT/AKT and p-p70S6K/p70S6K (P<0.05). The BUD group and the medium and high dose 2,6-DMBQ groups exhibited decreased values for these indicators compared to the OVA group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS 2,6-DMBQ can inhibit the mTOR pathway to alleviate airway inflammation in asthmatic mice, possibly by mitigating the imbalance between Th17 and regulatory T cells.
Animals ; Asthma/pathology* ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Signal Transduction/drug effects* ; Mice ; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/physiology* ; Female ; Benzoquinones/pharmacology* ; Immunoglobulin E/blood* ; Interleukin-10/analysis* ; Interleukin-17/analysis* ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ; Lung/pathology*

OBJECTIVE: To explore the role of the natural compound hesperidin in glycolysis, the key ratelimiting enzyme, in colorectal cancer (CRC) cell lines. METHODS: In vitro, HCT116 and SW620 were treated with different doses of hesperidin (0-500 µmol/L), cell counting kit-8 and colone formation assays were utilized to detected inhibition effect of hesperidin on CRC cell lines. Transwell and wound healing assays were performed to detect the ability of hesperidin (0, 25, 50 and 75 µmol/L) to migrate CRC cells. To confirm the apoptotic-inducing effect of hesperidin, apoptosis and cycle assays were employed. Western blot, glucose uptake, and lactate production determination measurements were applied to determine inhibitory effects of hesperidin (0, 25 and 50 µmol/L) on glycolysis. In vivo, according to the random number table method, nude mice with successful tumor loading were randomly divided into vehicle, low-dose hesperidin (20 mg/kg) and high-dose hesperidin (60 mg/kg) groups, with 6 mice in each group. The body weights and tumor volumes of mice were recorded during 4-week treatment. The expression of key glycolysis rate-limiting enzymes was determined using Western blot, and glucose uptake and lactate production were assessed. Finally, protein interactions were probed with DirectDIA Quantitative Proteomics, Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses. RESULTS: Hesperidin could inhibit CRC cell line growth (P<0.05 or P<0.01). Moreover, hesperidin presented an inhibitory effect on the migrating abilities of CRC cells. Hesperidin also promoted apoptosis and cell cycle alterations (P<0.05). The immunoblotting results manifested that hesperidin decreased the levels of hexokinase 2, glucose transporter protein 1 (GLUT1), GLUT3, L-lactate dehydrogenase A, 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 2 (PFKFB2), PFKFB3, and pyruvate kinase isozymes M2 (P<0.01). It remarkably suppressed tumor xenograft growth in nude mice. GO and KEGG analyses showed that hesperidin treatment altered metabolic function. CONCLUSION Hesperidin inhibits glycolysis and is a potential therapeutic choice for CRC treatment.
Hesperidin/therapeutic use* ; Colorectal Neoplasms/metabolism* ; Glycolysis/drug effects* ; Animals ; Humans ; Apoptosis/drug effects* ; Mice, Nude ; Cell Movement/drug effects* ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Proliferation/drug effects* ; Glucose/metabolism* ; Cell Cycle/drug effects* ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Mice ; HCT116 Cells ; Lactic Acid

Objective:To explore the effects of 4C management mode on rehabilitation and quality of life in patients with acute heart failure(AHF)in cardiovascular intensive care unit(CCU).Methods:This randomized controlled study enrolled 110 patients with AHF admitted in CCU of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine between February 2021 and February 2023.Patients were randomly divided into intervention group(n=55)and control group(n=55).Patients in the control group received routine intervention,while those in the inter-vention group received additional 4C management mode,both groups were intervened for 3 months.The indexes of cardiac function,self-efficacy,exercise tolerance,blood oxygen saturation(SpO2),mental state and quality of life were compared between the two groups.Results:Compared to those in the control group after intervention,patients in the intervention group had significantly lower interventricular septal thickness(IVST)[(9.20±0.10)mm vs.(10.30±0.17)mm,P＜0.001],left ventricular end-systolic volume index(LVESVI)[(35.21±0.74)ml/m2 vs.(39.70±1.09)ml/m2,P＜0.001],left ventricular end-diastolic volume index(LVED VI)[(45.35±0.71)ml/m2 vs.(56.76±1.48)ml/m2,P＜0.001],scores of self-rating anxiety scale(SAS)[(32.10±1.57)points vs.(45.36±1.94)points,P＜0.001],self-rating depression scale(SDS)[(35.03±1.52)points vs.(47.70±2.12)points,P＜0.001]and Minnesota living with heart failure questionnaire(MLHFQ)[(51.27±2.85)points vs.(56.46±3.53)points,P＜0.001],and significantly higher score of general self-efficacy scale(GSES)[(28.71±3.84)points vs.(20.34±1.56)points,P＜0.001],6 min walking distance(6MWD)[(428.53±5.50)m vs.(362.14±6.18)m,P＜0.001]and SpO2[(99.11±0.87)％vs.(94.23±0.73)％,P＜0.001].Conclusion:4C management mode may improve the cardiac function,self-efficacy,mental state and quality of life in patients with acute heart failure in CCU.

Objective:To analyze the dual gain effect of hyperbaric oxygen combined with vestibular rehabilitation training on patients with tinnitus and dizziness.Methods:This study was a retrospective analysis,and 90 patients with tinnitus and dizziness who visited the outpatient department of our hospital from January 2022 to January 2025 were selected to carry out the study,and were divided into observation group and control group according to the treatment methods,with 45 cases in each group.The matched group patients were treated with conventional medication,while the observation group received hyperbaric oxygen combined with vestibular rehabilitation training on the basis of the matched group.The clinical efficacy of the two groups was compared,including the concentration of oxygenated hemoglobin in the cerebral cortex,vestibular function,severity of tinnitus,and severity of dizziness before and after treatment.Results:The total effective rate of the observation group was higher than the matched group(P＜0.05);Post-treatment,there was no significant change in the concentration of oxygenated hemoglobin in the parietal and occipital cortex between the two groups(P＞0.05).However,the concentration of oxygenated hemoglobin in the temporal lobe,dorsolateral prefrontal cortex,and frontal polar cortex increased,and the observation group was higher than the matched group(P＜0.05);Post-treatment,the values of hemiparesis,total area of center of gravity movement(CA),and total length of center of gravity movement(PL)in both groups decreased,and the observation group was lower than the matched group(P＜0.05);Post-treatment,the severity score of tinnitus in both groups decreased,and the observation group was lower than that in the matched group(P＜0.05);Post-treatment,the degree score of vertigo in both groups decreased,and the observation group was lower than that in the matched group(P＜0.05).Conclusion:Hyperbaric oxygen combined with vestibular rehabilitation training has a significant dual gain effect on patients with tinnitus and dizziness,which can improve clinical efficacy,promote cortical neural activity,improve vestibular function,and thereby alleviate the severity of tinnitus and dizziness.

As new evidence emerges, treatment strategies toward the functional cure of chronic hepatitis B are evolving. In 2019, a panel of national hepatologists published a Consensus Statement on the functional cure of chronic hepatitis B. Currently, an international group of hepatologists has been assembled to evaluate research since the publication of the original consensus, and to collaboratively develop the updated statements. The 2.0 Consensus was aimed to update the original consensus with the latest available studies, and provide a comprehensive overview of the current relevant scientific literatures regarding functional cure of hepatitis B, with a particular focus on issues that are not yet fully clarified. These cover the definition of functional cure of hepatitis B, its mechanisms and barriers, the effective strategies and treatment roadmap to achieve this endpoint, in particular new surrogate biomarkers used to measure efficacy or to predict response, and the appropriate approach to pursuing a functional cure in special populations, the development of emerging antivirals and immunomodulators with potential for curing hepatitis B. The statements are primarily intended to offer international guidance for clinicians in their practice to enhance the functional cure rate of chronic hepatitis B.