ObjectiveThe present study aimed to investigate alterations in white matter microstructure and spontaneous neural activity in male college smokers, and to further explore their associations with nicotine dependence. Given that adolescence and early adulthood represent critical periods for brain maturation, particularly for white matter development, understanding the neural correlates of smoking behavior during this stage is of substantial importance for both neuroscience and public health. MethodsA total of 115 male undergraduate students were initially recruited for this study. After quality control and exclusion procedures, 52 male college smokers and 42 demographically matched healthy non-smokers were included in the final analysis. All participants underwent multimodal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), including diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and resting-state functional MRI (rs-fMRI). White matter fiber tracts were reconstructed using the automated fiber quantification (AFQ) method, which enables precise identification and quantification of major fiber bundles. Eighteen major white matter tracts were segmented for each participant. Along the core trajectory of each tract, 100 equidistant nodes were sampled. Fractional anisotropy (FA) was calculated at each node to assess white matter microstructural integrity, while amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) was computed to evaluate spontaneous neural activity within white matter tracts. Between-group differences in FA and ALFF were assessed using two-sample t-tests, with appropriate corrections applied for multiple comparisons. Furthermore, Pearson correlation analyses were conducted to examine the relationships between imaging-derived metrics (FA and ALFF values in regions showing significant group differences) and nicotine dependence severity, as measured by the Fagerström test for nicotine dependence (FTND). ResultsCompared with healthy non-smokers, male college smokers exhibited significantly increased FA values in several white matter tracts, including the left thalamic radiation, right corticospinal tract, forceps major of the corpus callosum, left uncinate fasciculus, and right arcuate fasciculus. These findings suggest altered microstructural organization or increased directional coherence within these pathways. In addition, smokers demonstrated significantly elevated ALFF values in the forceps major, right uncinate fasciculus, and left arcuate fasciculus, indicating enhanced spontaneous neural activity in these white matter regions. Correlation analyses revealed that FA values in the left thalamic radiation and right corticospinal tract were negatively correlated with FTND scores, suggesting that higher levels of nicotine dependence were associated with reduced microstructural integrity or altered fiber organization in these regions. In contrast, ALFF values in the forceps major and right uncinate fasciculus were positively correlated with FTND scores, indicating that greater nicotine dependence was associated with increased spontaneous neural activity in specific white matter pathways. ConclusionThe present study provides evidence that male college smokers exhibit distinct alterations in both white matter microstructure and functional activity. These abnormalities are not uniformly distributed but rather localized to specific fiber tracts implicated in sensorimotor processing, interhemispheric communication, and higher-order cognitive and emotional regulation. Importantly, the observed associations between imaging metrics and nicotine dependence severity suggest that these structural and functional alterations may reflect neurobiological mechanisms underlying addiction. The combination of AFQ-based tract profiling and multimodal MRI offers a sensitive approach for detecting subtle changes along white matter pathways, highlighting its potential utility in identifying neuroimaging biomarkers of nicotine dependence. Overall, these findings indicate that smoking during early adulthood may disrupt ongoing white matter maturation, potentially leading to long-term consequences for brain function. This study provides novel insights into the neural basis of nicotine dependence and underscores the importance of early intervention and prevention strategies targeting young smokers.

Iron is one of the essential trace elements for the human body,which is crucial for the growth and development of newborns,especially premature infants.It participates in the generation of hemoglobin,affects the activity of various enzymes,and subsequently affects neurometabolism,neurochemistry,neuroanatomy,and gene/protein composition,thereby having a lasting impact on the development of the central nervous system.This article reviews the research progress on the relationship between iron metabolism and neurodevelopment in premature infants in recent years,aiming to provide scientific basis for clinical management and preventive intervention of premature infants.

Objective:To explore the CT manifestation characteristics of peripancreatic aneurysms related to pancreatitis (PRPA).Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 15 patients with pancreatitis-related aneurysms collected in Deyang People's Hospital from June 2017 to February 2025. Among them, there were 11 males and 4 females, with an age of (56.5±16.9) years. Record the CT manifestations of the patients, and observe the PRPA tumor-carrying arteries, morphology, quantity, bleeding, calcification, dynamic changes, etc.Results:The CT results showed that there were a total of 26 PRPAs in 15 patients. The aneurysm walls of the PRPAs had no calcification, among which 12 cases were single and 1 case was double. Two cases were multiple. The patients were pancreatitis complicated with muscle fiber dysplasia. Among them, one case had 5 PRPAs and the other had 7 PRPAs. Of the 26 PRPAs, 12 were sac-like, 8 were beaded, 4 were fusiform, and 2 were columnar in shape. The numbers of aneurysm-carrying arteries and PRPA were as follows: 8 in the pancreaticoduodenal artery, 7 in the hepatic artery and its branches, 6 in the splenic artery and its branches, 2 in the left gastric artery, 1 in the gastroduodenal artery, 1 in the middle colonic artery, and 1 in the ileocolonic artery. The CT diagnosis report missed 16 PRPAs, with a missed diagnosis rate of 61.5% (16/26). Among the 11 ruptured PRPAs, 4 were missed, with a missed diagnosis rate of 36.4%. Three missed aneurysms were diagnosed by digital subtraction angiography, and one was retrospectively analyzed by CT. Among the 15 unruptured PRPAs, 12 were missed, with a missed diagnosis rate of 80.0%. All the missed aneurysms were detected by retrospective CT analysis. There were 2 images without re-examination and 24 images with re-examination. Among the PRPAs with re-examination images, 4 disappeared after interventional embolization on the same day, 1 relapsed after interventional embolization on the same day, with a reduction in volume and disappeared after 3 days. Three cases underwent elective interventional embolization, among which two shranked and one enlarged before interventional embolization. Among the 16 cases that did not receive interventional treatment, 7 disappeared on their own, 1 was completely liquefied, 5 shrank but did not disappear, 2 remained stable in size without any change, and 1 increased. Among the re-examined PRPA images, 7 showed signs of enlargement.Conclusion:The main characteristics of PRPA are high rupture rate, prone to missed diagnosis and dynamic changes in size.

The clinical data and genetic characteristics of one child with mental retardation-56 (MRD56) diagnosed at the Department of Neonatology, Foshan Fosun Chancheng Hospital in October 2021 were retrospectively analyzed.The patient was admitted to the hospital with " 34 + 2 weeks of preterm birth, shortness of breath, and dyspnea for 0.5 hours". In the neonatal period, the patient had special facial features, hypotonia, weaning and feeding difficulties, laryngeal stridor.In infancy, the patient showed global psychomotor development delay, intellectual disability, epilepsy, etc.Magnetic resonance imaging of the brain showed delayed myelination and dysplasia of the cerebellum and corpus callosum.Whole-exome sequencing showed that the CLTC gene had a new missense mutation c.3334T>C (p.Trp1112Arg), and MRD56 was confirmed.A total of 32 cases of MRD56 were reported worldwide, with special facial features, intellectual disability, and psychomotor retardation as the main clinical manifestations.The cause is a mutation in the CLTC gene, which leads to abnormality in the structure of the clathrin encoded, thus affecting neurotransmitter transmission.This is the first report of MRD56 caused by the CLTC gene mutation in China, and a new clinical phenotype has been discovered.The finding enriches the phenotypic spectrum of the disease and provides a basis for clinicians to understand and study the disease.

Objective To compare the efficacy and safety of sodium zirconium cyclosilicate and calcium polystyrene sulphonate in the treatment of hyperkalemia in chronic kidney disease(CKD).Methods Hospitalized patients with CKD hyperkalemia admitted to Qingyuan People's Hospital from January 2022 to November 2023 were retrospectively selected as study objects,and were divided into sodium zirconium cyclosilicate group and calcium polystyrene sulphonate group according to different drug use.The two groups of patients were matched with 1:1 propensity score,and finally 43 pairs of data were successfully matched.The efficacy and incidence of adverse reactions were compared between two groups of patients after matching.Results After treatment,the serum potassium level in both groups was significantly lower than that before treatment(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference in serum potassium level between two groups(P>0.05).There was no significant difference in the total effective rate between two groups(χ2=1.242,P=0.537).After treatment,the blood sodium level in sodium zirconium cyclosilicate group was significantly higher than that before treatment(P<0.05),there was no significant difference in blood calcium level before and after treatment(P>0.05).There was no significant difference in serum sodium and serum calcium before and after treatment in calcium polystyrene sulphonate group(P>0.05).There was one patient with hypokalemia in each group,and no treatment related adverse reactions such as nausea,edema,constipation,abdominal bloating and diarrhea were observed,and no abnormal laboratory test results were found.Conclusion The clinical efficacy of sodium zirconium cyclosilicate and calcium polystyrene sulphonate in treatment of hyperkalemia in CKD patients is comparable,and the safety is good.

To investigate the in vitro inhibitory mechanism of Nymphaea candida total flavonoids(NCTF)against Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus)and its safety in mice,this study first deter-mined the antibacterial effect of NCTF on the clinically isolated strain S.aureus-C1.Subsequently,the inhibitory mechanism of NCTF on S.aureus-C1 was explored by measuring its effects on bac-terial growth curves,microstructure,intracellular AKP and LDH levels,and biofilm formation.Safety evaluation included determination of LD50 and MDT in mice,as well as analysis of serum biochemical parameters,organ indices,and histopathological observations.Results showed that NCTF effectively inhibited S.aureus-C1 proliferation,with an inhibition zone diameter of(18.98±0.67)mm and a MIC of 6.25 g/L.A concentration of 2×MIC nearly completely suppressed bacte-rial growth.Scanning electron microscopy revealed structural damage to bacterial cells,including collapse and shrinkage.AKP and LDH assays indicated significantly increased AKP activity(P＜0.05)and decreased intracellular LDH activity(P＜0.05)in the supernatant of drug-treated groups,demonstrating NCTF-induced disruption of cell walls and membranes leading to leakage of AKP and LDH.Crystal violet staining of biofilms showed significant inhibition rates of(43.77±9.16)％and(61.71±9.82)％at 2 × MIC and 4 × MIC concentrations,respectively(P＜0.05).Safe-ty assessments indicated low toxicity of NCTF in mice,with transient effects that returned to nor-mal levels within a short period.These findings demonstrate that NCTF exhibits potent antibacte-rial activity against S.aureus-C1 by damaging bacterial cell structures,increasing cell wall/mem-brane permeability,reducing biofilm formation,and displaying low toxicity.This study provides scientific evidence for clinical drug screening against bovine mastitis and the development of Nym-phaea candida resources.

Objective To investigate the incidence of ipsilateral upper urinary tract stones after partial nephrectomy and its risk factors.Methods We retrospectively analyzed baseline patient characteristics(age,gender,and body mass index),smoking,alcohol consumption,comorbidities(hypertension,diabetes,hypertriglyceridemia,hyperuricemia,and cardiovascular diseases),preoperative tumor conditions(tumor diameter,multiple foci,location,hemorrhage,necrosis,cystic changes,and endophytic growth),preoperative glomerular filtration rate and intraoperative factors(renal collecting system damage,ischemia time,operation time,surgical approach,and estimated intraoperative blood loss)to identify the risk factors for ipsilateral upper urinary tract stones following partial nephrectomy in our center.Results The overall incidence of upper urinary tract stones following partial nephrectomy was 7.80%(112/1435).The incidence of ipsilateral upper urinary tract stones was significantly higher than those of contralateral stones(4.95%vs 1.46%,P<0.001)and bilateral stones(4.95%vs 1.39%,P<0.001).Intraoperative damage to the renal collecting system was identified as a significant risk factor for ipsilateral upper urinary tract stones(OR=4.550,95%CI:2.237-9.252,P<0.001).Diabetes was a probable risk factor for secondary ipsilateral upper urinary tract stones after partial nephrectomy(OR=2.419,95%CI:0.973-6.012,P=0.057).Conclusions The incidence of ipsilateral upper urinary tract stones after partial nephrectomy is higher than that of contralateral and bilateral stones.Intraoperative renal collecting system damage is a risk factor for secondary ipsilateral upper urinary tract stones after partial nephrectomy.

Objective To compare the efficacy and safety of sodium zirconium cyclosilicate and calcium polystyrene sulphonate in the treatment of hyperkalemia in chronic kidney disease(CKD).Methods Hospitalized patients with CKD hyperkalemia admitted to Qingyuan People's Hospital from January 2022 to November 2023 were retrospectively selected as study objects,and were divided into sodium zirconium cyclosilicate group and calcium polystyrene sulphonate group according to different drug use.The two groups of patients were matched with 1:1 propensity score,and finally 43 pairs of data were successfully matched.The efficacy and incidence of adverse reactions were compared between two groups of patients after matching.Results After treatment,the serum potassium level in both groups was significantly lower than that before treatment(P<0.05),but there was no significant difference in serum potassium level between two groups(P>0.05).There was no significant difference in the total effective rate between two groups(χ2=1.242,P=0.537).After treatment,the blood sodium level in sodium zirconium cyclosilicate group was significantly higher than that before treatment(P<0.05),there was no significant difference in blood calcium level before and after treatment(P>0.05).There was no significant difference in serum sodium and serum calcium before and after treatment in calcium polystyrene sulphonate group(P>0.05).There was one patient with hypokalemia in each group,and no treatment related adverse reactions such as nausea,edema,constipation,abdominal bloating and diarrhea were observed,and no abnormal laboratory test results were found.Conclusion The clinical efficacy of sodium zirconium cyclosilicate and calcium polystyrene sulphonate in treatment of hyperkalemia in CKD patients is comparable,and the safety is good.

ObjectiveTobacco-related diseases remain one of the leading preventable public health challenges worldwide and are among the primary causes of premature death. In recent years, accumulating evidence has supported the classification of nicotine addiction as a chronic brain disease, profoundly affecting both brain structure and function. Despite the urgency, effective diagnostic methods for smoking addiction remain lacking, posing significant challenges for early intervention and treatment. To address this issue and gain deeper insights into the neural mechanisms underlying nicotine dependence, this study proposes a novel graph neural network framework, termed TI-GNN. This model leverages functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data to identify complex and subtle abnormalities in brain connectivity patterns associated with smoking addiction. MethodsThe study utilizes fMRI data to construct functional connectivity matrices that represent interaction patterns among brain regions. These matrices are interpreted as graphs, where brain regions are nodes and the strength of functional connectivity between them serves as edges. The proposed TI-GNN model integrates a Transformer module to effectively capture global interactions across the entire brain network, enabling a comprehensive understanding of high-level connectivity patterns. Additionally, a spatial attention mechanism is employed to selectively focus on informative inter-regional connections while filtering out irrelevant or noisy features. This design enhances the model’s ability to learn meaningful neural representations crucial for classification tasks. A key innovation of TI-GNN lies in its built-in causal interpretation module, which aims to infer directional and potentially causal relationships among brain regions. This not only improves predictive performance but also enhances model interpretability—an essential attribute for clinical applications. The identification of causal links provides valuable insights into the neuropathological basis of addiction and contributes to the development of biologically plausible and trustworthy diagnostic tools. ResultsExperimental results demonstrate that the TI-GNN model achieves superior classification performance on the smoking addiction dataset, outperforming several state-of-the-art baseline models. Specifically, TI-GNN attains an accuracy of 0.91, an F1-score of 0.91, and a Matthews correlation coefficient (MCC) of 0.83, indicating strong robustness and reliability. Beyond performance metrics, TI-GNN identifies critical abnormal connectivity patterns in several brain regions implicated in addiction. Notably, it highlights dysregulations in the amygdala and the anterior cingulate cortex, consistent with prior clinical and neuroimaging findings. These regions are well known for their roles in emotional regulation, reward processing, and impulse control—functions that are frequently disrupted in nicotine dependence. ConclusionThe TI-GNN framework offers a powerful and interpretable tool for the objective diagnosis of smoking addiction. By integrating advanced graph learning techniques with causal inference capabilities, the model not only achieves high diagnostic accuracy but also elucidates the neurobiological underpinnings of addiction. The identification of specific abnormal brain networks and their causal interactions deepens our understanding of addiction pathophysiology and lays the groundwork for developing targeted intervention strategies and personalized treatment approaches in the future.

Objective:To evaluate the effects of glutamine-enriched parenteral nutrition on short-term postoperative outcomes compared with conventional nutritional support in colorectal cancer patients with enteral nutrition intolerance after surgery.Method:A retrospective cohort study was conducted to collect clinical data from colorectal cancer patients who underwent radical resection at the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery of Zunyi Medical University Affiliated Hospital from January 2019 to December 2021.The differences in postoperative complication rates,perioperative nutritional indicators,and inflammatory factors between the two groups were analyzed.SPSS 29.0 software was used for statistical analysis.Result:Based on whether glutamine was added to parenteral nutrition,178 patients were divided into a control group(conventional nutritional therapy,n=120)and an observation group(glutamine enhanced nutritional therapy,n=58).The incidence of postoperative complications(Clavien Dindo grade≥III)in the control and observation groups was 14.17%(17/120)and 3.45%(2/58),respectively,with a statistically significant difference(P=0.030).The observation group recovered faster than the control group in terms of time to first expectoration,defecation and intake of liquid diet after surgery,and had a shorter hospital stay after surgery(P<0.05).However,there was no significant difference in the 30-day readmission rate between the two groups(P=0.393).There was no statistically significant difference in the changes in total protein,albumin,pre-albumin,neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and endogenous creatinine clearance rate between the two groups of patients after surgery(P>0.05).There were also significant differences in the changes in lymphocyte count,white blood cell count,neutrophil percentage,alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase,total bilirubin,and urea nitrogen levels between the two groups of patients after surgery(P<0.05).Conclusion:Compared with regular nutritional support,postoperative parenteral glutamine supplementation can reduce the incidence of postoperative complications in colorectal cancer patients,promote recovery of bowel function,shorten postoperative hospital stay,improve patient immune function and reduce inflammatory levels.