Objectives: This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of loss to follow-up (LTFU) among tuberculosis (TB) patients in Indonesia and to identify associated factors. Methods: This study analyzed data from the 2022 Tuberculosis Information System in Indonesia. A total of 71,665 drug-sensitive TB patients were included in the analysis. Age, sex,employment status, diagnosis type, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status, diabetesmellitus, TB type, mode of treatment, treatment standard, referral status, and type of residence.Categorical variables were analyzed using chi-square tests, followed by multivariable logistic regression to identify confounder-adjusted independent predictors of LTFU. Results: The prevalence of LTFU was 18.4%. A higher likelihood of LTFU was observed amongolder adults aged ≥65 years (adjusted-prevalence-odds-ratio [aPOR], 1.862), men (aPOR, 1.187), unemployed individuals (aPOR, 1.136), non-referred patients (aPOR, 1.547), patients with HIV (aPOR, 3.712), and those obtaining TB drugs out of pocket (aPOR, 4.998). The strongest predictorwas receipt of non-standard treatment, which was associated with a markedly increasedlikelihood of LTFU (aPOR, 26.912). In contrast, rural residence demonstrated a protective association (aPOR, 0.610). All associations were statistically significant (p < 0.001). Conclusion This study highlights a substantial burden of LTFU among TB patients in Indonesia,with nearly one in five patients discontinuing treatment. Multiple sociodemographic and clinical factors—particularly non-standard treatment, non-referral status, and HIV co-infection—were strongly associated with LTFU, underscoring gaps in the TB care continuum.These findings emphasize the need for targeted, patient-centered interventions, strengthenedreferral pathways, improved communication, and enhanced care coordination to reduce LTFU in high-risk groups.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a well-known risk factor for tuberculosis (TB). Prevalence of TB among DM patients ranged from 1.7 % to 36 %. Limited information has been reported regarding TB among DM patients in Indonesia. This case-control study aimed to investigate prevalence and related factors of pulmonary TB among DM patients in Dr. Kariadi General Hospital. Cases of pulmonary TB were defined by a positive acid-fast bacilli smear or molecular rapid test and thorax x-ray. Data were presented as frequency and percentage comparing the case and control group. Chi-square continued by Binary logistic regression analyses were done to determine the relationship between the parameters and TB status performed by the SPSS 16. Prevalence of 8.02% or 72 patients were diagnosed as having pulmonary TB from 898 registered patients with DM. Of the 72 TB patients, 30 completed the data as case group, and 45 DM patients without TB determined as a control group. Comparison between the case and control group study found differences in household contact (63.3 % and 4.4 %, respectively), random plasma glucose (76.7 % and 33.3 %), duration of DM (40 % and 71 %), and treatment compliance (30 % and 68.9 %). The final model in Binary logistic regression involved household contact, random plasma glucose level, and treatment compliance. The prevalence of pulmonary TB among DM patients in Dr. Kariadi General Hospital was 8.02%. Risk factors that were associated with this occurrence were: household contact, high random plasma glucose level, and poor treatment compliance.