Objective: To investigate the current status and related factors of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination intention among male college students in Shanghai, so as to provide references for promoting HPV vaccination among males. Methods: From January to February 2025, a stratified random cluster sampling method was used to select 548 male college students in 10 universities from Shanghai for a self questionnaire survey. The survey included socio demographic characteristics, vaccine hesitancy, vaccine beliefs (complacency, confidence, convenience), HPV knowledge level, health status, social support, and information acquisition channels. Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to identify latent classes of vaccine beliefs, and multinomial Logistic regression was used to analyze the related factors of vaccination intentions. Results: The acceptance, hesitancy, and refusal rates of HPV vaccine among college students in Shanghai were 39.4% ( n =216), 35.2% ( n =193), and 25.4% ( n =139), respectively. LCA identified four vaccine belief groups: low complacency high confidence (21.4%), high complacency high confidence (36.1%), low complacency low confidence (18.8%), and high complacency low confidence (23.7%). Multinomial Logistic regression showed that vaccine belief category was an important factor affecting vaccination intentions among college students in Shanghai. Compared with the low complacency high confidence group, high complacency low confidence group had the highest risk of vaccine refusal ( OR =24.80， P <0.05). Medical majors ( OR =0.13), participation in basic medical insurance ( OR =0.37), and recommendations from relatives, friends ( OR =0.39) or healthcare professionals ( OR =0.33) reduced the risk of vaccine refusal among male college students in Shanghai (all P <0.05). The Internet (70.6%) was the main source of HPV related information for male college students, and recommendations from healthcare professionals were associated with more positive vaccination intentions. Conclusions HPV vaccine hesitancy and refusal are common among male college students in Shanghai, with significant heterogeneity in vaccine belief structures. Targeted health education based on belief categories should be conducted to improve the vaccination intentions of male college students.

Objective: To analyze the changes and related factors of influenza vaccine hesitancy among college students in Shanghai from 2022 to 2025, so as to provide evidence for influenza prevention and control in universities. Methods: A stratified random cluster sampling method was used to select 1 393 college students from Shanghai universities for electronic questionnaire surveys in June 2022 and January to February 2025. The survey mainly included influenza vaccination status, sources of vaccine related information, and potential related factors. Data were analyzed using the Chi-square test, Mann-Whitney U test, and binary Logistic regression. Results: The influenza vaccine hesitancy rate among college students in Shanghai was higher in 2025 ( 40.63 %) than in 2022 (31.95%) ( χ 2=22.73), and the hesitancy score [2022:0 (0,5);2025:0 (0,5)] also increased ( Z = -4.16 ) (both P <0.01). The proportion of students exposed to reports of vaccine adverse events rose from 36.90% in 2022 to 59.22 % in 2025 ( χ 2=139.08, P <0.01). Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that basic influenza knowledge (2022: OR = 0.79 , 95% CI =0.68-0.92; 2025: OR =0.79, 95% CI =0.69-0.90) and previous self paid vaccination with other vaccines (2022: OR =0.52, 95% CI =0.37-0.75; 2025: OR =0.63, 95% CI =0.48-0.83) were associated with influenza vaccine hesitancy among college students in both years; medical professional background ( OR =0.34, 95% CI =0.17-0.67) and trust in healthcare providers recommendations ( OR =0.31, 95% CI =0.11-0.86) were associated with influenza vaccine hesitancy among college students in 2025 (all P <0.05). Conclusions The phenomenon of influenza vaccine hesitancy among college students in Shanghai has intensified. Increased knowledge has failed to offset concerns arising from exposure to negative information. Medical background and recommendations from healthcare providers have become new related factors.

ObjectiveTo investigate whether the CD151 YXXφ motif point mutant affects vascular permeability by regulating vesicle internalization and recycling. MethodsCD151 knockout （KO） and wild-type （WT） mice were used. A modified Miles assay was performed to compare vascular permeability in the dorsal and postauricular skin of the two groups of mice under vascular endothelial growth factor A （VEGF-A） stimulation. The CD151 YXXφ motif point mutant YALA was constructed and transfected into human endothelial cells （EA.hy926） using an adenoviral vector. Multiple experimental groups were set up to detect the permeability of endothelial cell monolayers to FITC-dextran under baseline conditions and after VEGF-A stimulation. Western blot （WB）， RT-qPCR， and immunofluorescence were used to examine the expression and distribution of VE-cadherin. The internalization rate of VE-cadherin was quantitatively compared using a cell surface biotinylation assay. Phalloidin was used to label F-actin to observe changes in cytoskeletal tension. ResultsThe Miles assay showed that under VEGF-A stimulation， dye extravasation in the dorsal and postauricular skin of KO mice was significantly higher than that in WT mice （all P<0.05）. At 60 min and 120 min after VEGF-A stimulation， the permeability of endothelial cell monolayers overexpressing the YALA mutant to FITC-dextran significantly increased （P<0.05）. WB and RT-qPCR results indicated that the YALA mutant did not affect the total protein or mRNA expression levels of VE-cadherin. Immunofluorescence revealed that the YALA mutant disrupted the continuous distribution of VE-cadherin on the cell membrane and its perinuclear co-localization with CD151 under VEGF-A stimulation. The cell surface biotinylation assay confirmed that the YALA mutant significantly reduced the internalization rate of VE-cadherin （P<0.05）. Cytoskeletal staining showed that the YALA mutant caused the formation of thick tension fibers in the actin cytoskeleton of endothelial cells， indicating cell contraction. ConclusionThe CD151 YXXφ motif point mutation affects vesicle internalization and recycling in endothelial cells， influences the expression and internalization of VE-cadherin， and consequently affects vascular permeability.

Objective:To analyze the experiences of implementing coverage with evidence development for cell and gene therapy products in the UK.to provide references for the future access of cell and gene therapy products in China.Methods:By systematically combing the strategies of coverage with evidence development adopted by National Health Service(NHS)in the UK.,and summarizing the four links of assessment,payment,further evidence collection and final decision-making,the implementation experience of coverage with evidence development of cell and gene therapy products was analyzed by taking the reimbursement of four typical cell gene therapy products as an example,and suggestions were made for the access of this type of products in China.Results:Access to cell and gene therapy products in the UK.is cautious,with assessment focused on clinical utility.Management access agreement is used to control the risk of overspending during specialized fund reimbursement,while a unified data collection system has been established.Conclusion:China could learn from the experience of the UK.and promote the admission of cell gene therapy products from three aspects:exploring the evidence-based reimbursement model for universal commercial medical insurance;developing a targeted data collection framework based on actual data needs;establishing a unified data collection platform to provide the support for product access decision.

Latent human immunodeficiency virus（HIV）infection remains the principal barrier to functional cure. Proviruses integrate into multiple immune cell types and persist long term，creating a heterogeneous reservoir. Accurate identification of latent infection and assessment of proviral intactness and function are prerequisites for progress toward cure. Here we compare key reservoir assays and their trade-offs，including HIV DNA quantification by quantitative PCR（qPCR）and droplet digital PCR（ddPCR），detection of replication-competent virus by the quantitative viral outgrowth assay（QVOA），and inducible transcription/protein readouts such as Tat/Rev induced limiting dilution assay（TILDA）and viral protein spot assay（VIP-SPOT）. We also outline applications of spatial transcriptomics and in situ hybridization（RNAscope/DNAscope）for anatomic localization and functional analysis. We also summarize advances in experimental models，spanning in-vitro systems（primary T-cell and myeloid latency models）and in-vivo platforms（humanized mice and rhesus macaque SHIV models）used for mechanism studies and intervention testing. Looking ahead，coordinated use of these orthogonal tools can improve estimates of reservoir size，inducibility，and tissue distribution，and provide a practical platform for translational studies toward functional cure.

In order to explore the effects of lipopolysaccharide(LPS)on the repair of bovine endo-metrial stromal cells(BESCs)during inflammatory response,BESCs were treated by LPS in this study.Cell apoptosis rate was detected using flow cytometry,cell viability was measured using the CCK-8 assay,cell migration ability was observed using a scratch assay,and the expression of con-nective tissue growth factor(CTGF),transforming growth factor-beta 3(TGF-β3)and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)mRNA was measured using qRT-PCR.Additionally,the expression of key proteins in the PI3K/AKT and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways was assessed using Western blot analysis.The results showed that cell viability of BESCs significantly decreased(P＜0.01),cell migration ability decreased(P＜0.05),apoptosis rate of BESCs increased(P＜0.01),CTGF and TGF-β3 mRNA expression levels decreased(P＜0.01),while VEGF mRNA ex-pression increased after treatment with LPS(P＜0.01).The phosphorylation levels of PI3K,AKT and GSK-3β proteins decreased(P＜0.05),as well as the expression levels of c-Myc and Cyclin-D1 proteins also decreased(P＜0.01).These results indicated that LPS can inhibit the proliferation of BESCs and promote cell apoptosis possibly through the inhibition of the PI3K/AKT and Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathways.

The US.is the first country to establish a systematic and comprehensive rare disease protection mechanism to provide protection for patients with rare diseases.Based on the perspective of the whole process,it systematically comprehends the rare disease protection mechanism and its operation from five aspects:rare disease legislation,therapy R&D and marketing support,screening and treatment,medical insurance reimbursement,patient registration and information sharing,so as to provide useful references for China to improve the protection mechanism for rare diseases.

Objective To investigate the relationship between left ventricular myocardial fibrosis and right ventricular function injury in coronary heart disease(CHD)using cardiac magnetic resonance(CMR).Methods A total of 40 CHD patients and 32 healthy volunteers were selected.Based on the late gadolinium enhancement(LGE)images,CHD patients were divided into LGE(+)and LGE(-)groups.Biventricular function parameters,T1 value of the left ventricular myocardium and left ventricular LGE extent(％LGE)were measured and compared between the two groups.Pearson or Spearman correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship among CMR parameters.Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the related factors of right ventricular dysfunction.Results Compared with the LGE(-)group,the right ventricular ejection fraction(RVEF),right ventricular stroke volume index(RVSVI)and right ventricular fractional area change(RVFAC)were decreased in the LGE(+)group(P<0.05).RVEF,RVSVI and RVFAC were negatively correlated with％LGE and native T1 value of the left ventricular myocardium,and native T1 value of the left ventricular myocardium was independently correlated with right ventricular dysfunction(P<0.05).Conclusion CMR reveals the relationship between left ventricular myocardial fibrosis and right ventricular function injury in CHD patients,which is helpful for the early clinical detection and treatment of right ventricular injury.

Latent human immunodeficiency virus（HIV）infection remains the principal barrier to functional cure. Proviruses integrate into multiple immune cell types and persist long term，creating a heterogeneous reservoir. Accurate identification of latent infection and assessment of proviral intactness and function are prerequisites for progress toward cure. Here we compare key reservoir assays and their trade-offs，including HIV DNA quantification by quantitative PCR（qPCR）and droplet digital PCR（ddPCR），detection of replication-competent virus by the quantitative viral outgrowth assay（QVOA），and inducible transcription/protein readouts such as Tat/Rev induced limiting dilution assay（TILDA）and viral protein spot assay（VIP-SPOT）. We also outline applications of spatial transcriptomics and in situ hybridization（RNAscope/DNAscope）for anatomic localization and functional analysis. We also summarize advances in experimental models，spanning in-vitro systems（primary T-cell and myeloid latency models）and in-vivo platforms（humanized mice and rhesus macaque SHIV models）used for mechanism studies and intervention testing. Looking ahead，coordinated use of these orthogonal tools can improve estimates of reservoir size，inducibility，and tissue distribution，and provide a practical platform for translational studies toward functional cure.

In recent years, mesenchymal stem cell-derived exosomes (MSC-EXO) have garnered increasing attention in the field of stomatology and have become an established research area in biomedical research. This article reviews the engineering of exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells and their application in the field of stomatology, in order to provide new ideas for the development of stomatology. Exosomes are nanoscale membrane vesicles secreted by cells and contain a variety of proteins, RNAs, lipids, and other biomolecules. They are transported through the circulatory system and can interact with other cells to regulate their biological behavior and participate in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. In the treatment of oral diseases, exosomes have shown great potential due to their natural biological activity and versatility. However, studies have found that relying solely on the function of natural exosomes may not fully meet the complex clinical requirements. Therefore, the concept of engineered exosomes has emerged. Engineered exosomes can be modified by bioengineering technology to enhance their targeting, allowing them to reach the lesion site more accurately. At the same time, engineered exosomes can also be surface modified or loaded internally to carry specific therapeutic molecules, such as drugs, gene editing tools or signaling molecules to improve the therapeutic effect. In addition, this engineered treatment can also confer greater stability to exosomes, making them better able to resist clearance by the immune system when circulating in the body, extending their half-life, and improving the effectiveness of treatment. Although engineered exosomes have attracted extensive attention in the fields of stomatology and other fields, their application is still mainly in the stage of basic research. To promote the clinical application of engineered exosomes, it is necessary to provide more sufficient evidence of biocompatibility and clarify their therapeutic effect and mechanism.