Introduction::The triglyceride to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TG/HDL-C) ratio, a novel biomarker for metabolic syndrome (MetS), has been validated in the general population as being significantly correlated with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. However, its capabilities to predict CVD in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV; PLWH) remain underexplored.Methods::We conducted a retrospective cohort study of 16,081 PLWH who initiated antiretroviral therapy (ART) at the Third People’s Hospital of Shenzhen (China) from 2005 to 2022. The baseline TG/HDL-C ratio was calculated as TG (mmol/L) divided by HDL-C (mmol/L). We employed a multivariate Cox proportional hazards model to assess the association between the TG/HDL-C ratio and CVD occurrence, using Kaplan-Meier curves and log-rank tests to compare survival distributions. The increase in prediction risk upon the addition of the biomarker to the conventional risk model was examined through the assessment of changes in net reclassification improvement (NRI) and integrated discrimination improvement (IDI). Nonlinear relationships were investigated using a restricted cubic spline plot, complemented by a two-piecewise Cox proportional hazards model to analyze threshold effects.Results::At the median follow-up of 70 months, 213 PLWH developed CVD. Kaplan-Meier curves demonstrated a significant association between the increased risk of CVD and a higher TG/HDL-C ratio (log-rank P <0.001). The multivariate-adjusted Cox proportional hazards regression model indicated that the CVD hazard ratios (HR) (95% confidence intervals [95% CIs]) for Q2, Q3, and Q4 versus Q1 of the TG/HDL-C ratio were 2.07 (1.24, 3.45), 2.17 (1.32, 3.57), and 2.20 (1.35, 3.58), respectively ( P <0.05). The consideration of the TG/HDL-C ratio in the model, which included all significant factors for CVD incidence, improved the predictive risk, as indicated by the reclassification metrics (NRI 16.43%, 95% CI 3.35%-29.52%, P = 0.014). The restriction cubic spline plot demonstrated an upward trend between the TG/HDL-C ratio and the CVD occurrence ( P for nonlinear association = 0.027, P for overall significance = 0.009), with the threshold at 1.013. Significantly positive correlations between the TG/HDL-C ratio and CVD were observed below the TG/HDL-C ratio threshold with HR 5.88 (95% CI 1.58-21.88, P = 0.008), but not above the threshold with HR 1.01 (95% CI 0.88-1.15, P = 0.880). Conclusion::Our study confirms the effectiveness of the TG/HDL-C ratio as a predictor of CVD risk in PLWH, which demonstrates a significant nonlinear association. These findings indicate the potential of the TG/HDL-C ratio in facilitating early prevention and treatment strategies for CVD among PLWH.

The purpose of this study was to understand the prevalence of Neoehrlichia mikurensis in rodents in Yunnan commensal rodent plague foci.Lianghe Country,Mangshi City,and Mile City in Yunnan Province were chosen as sampling sites,where rodents were captured with dead-traps.The N.mikurensis groEL gene in rodent spleen samples was detected with nested PCR,and the positive products were sequenced with Sanger bidirectional assays.The infection rate of N.mikurensis a-mong plague foci,habitats,species,and sexes was compared with Chi-square tests or Fisher's exact probability method.Of 656 rodent spleen samples,12 N.mikurensis positive samples were detected in R.tanezumi,R.sladeni,N.confucianus,and B.bowersi.The positivity rate was 1.83％.No significant difference in the N.mikurensis positivity rate was observed a-mong plague foci,habitats,species,and sexes(P＞0.05).Genetic evolution analysis of the groEL gene indicated that the se-quence similarity of nucleic acid sequences in 12 positive samples was 99.5％-100％,and the nucleic acid sequences of N.mikurensis were in the same branch,belonging to cluster Ⅳ.Thus,four species of rodents were found to have low frequency infection with N.mikurensis in Yunnan commensal rodent plague foci.

The development status of medical device industry in Jilin Province was described,and the main problems during the development of medical device industry in Jilin Province was analyzed.Some countermeasures were put forward including enlarging the industrial scale,constructing business incubators in the field of medical device,guaranteeing the market access of the products,accelerating the registration and approval,strengthening the cross-discipline construction and forming medical-industrial institutes.References were provided for the development of medical device industry in Jilin Province.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2024,45(7):67-71]

Hip fracture in the elderly is characterized by high incidence, high disability rate, and high mortality and has been recognized as a public health issue threatening their health. Surgery is the preferred choice for the treatment of elderly patients with hip fracture. However, lower extremity deep venous thrombosis (DVT) has an extremely high incidence rate during the perioperative period, and may significantly increase the risk of patients′ death once it progresses to pulmonary embolism. In response to this issue, the clinical guidelines and expert consensuses all emphasize active application of comprehensive preventive measures, including basic prevention, physical prevention, and pharmacological prevention. In this prevention system, basic prevention is the basis of physical and pharmacological prevention. However,there is a lack of unified and definite recommendations for basic preventive measures in clinical practice. To this end, the Orthopedic Nursing Professional Committee of the Chinese Nursing Association and Nursing Department of the Orthopedic Branch of the China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care organized relevant nursing experts to formulate Expert consensus on perioperative basic prevention for lower extremity deep venous thrombosis in elderly patients with hip fracture ( version 2024) . A total of 10 recommendations were proposed, aiming to standardize the basic preventive measures for lower extremity DVT in elderly patients with hip fractures during the perioperative period and promote their subsequent rehabilitation.

Objective Studies on the relationship between iodine,vitamin A(VA),and vitamin D(VD)and thyroid function are limited.This study aimed to analyze iodine and thyroid-stimulating hormone(TSH)status and their possible relationships with VA,VD,and other factors in postpartum women. Methods A total of 1,311 mothers(896 lactating and 415 non-lactating)from Hebei,Zhejiang,and Guangxi provinces were included in this study.The urinary iodine concentration(UIC),TSH,VA,and VD were measured. Results The median UIC of total and lactating participants were 142.00 μg/L and 139.95 μg/L,respectively.The median TSH,VA,and VD levels in all the participants were 1.89 mIU/L,0.44 μg/mL,and 24.04 ng/mL,respectively.No differences in the UIC were found between lactating and non-lactating mothers.UIC and TSH levels were significantly different among the three provinces.The rural UIC was higher than the urban UIC.Obese mothers had a higher UIC and a higher prevalence of excessive TSH.Higher UICs and TSHs levels were observed in both the VD deficiency and insufficiency groups than in the VD-sufficient group.After adjustment,no linear correlation was observed between UIC and VA/VD.No interaction was found between vitamins A/D and UIC on TSH levels. Conclusion The mothers in the present study had no iodine deficiency.Region,area type,BMI,and VD may be related to the iodine status or TSH levels.

Atherosclerosis(AS) is the common pathological basis of many ischemic cardiovascular diseases, and its formation process involves various aspects such as vascular endothelial injury and platelet activation. Vascular endothelial injury is the initiating factor of AS plaque. Monocytes are recruited to differentiate into macrophages at the damaged endothelial cells, which absorb oxidized low-density lipoprotein(ox-LDL) and slowly transform into foam cells. Smooth muscle cells(SMCs) proliferate and migrate continuously. As the only cell producing interstitial collagen fibers in the fibrous cap, SMCs largely determine whether the plaque ruptured or not. The amplifying inflammatory response during the formation of AS recruits platelets to adhere to the damaged area of vascular endothelium and stimulates excessive platelet aggregation. Autophagy activity is associated with vascular lesions and abnormal platelet activation, and excessive autophagy is considered to be a negative factor for plaque stability. Therefore, precise regulation of different types of vascular autophagy and platelet autophagy to treat AS may provide a new therapeutic perspective for the prevention and treatment of atherosclerotic ischemic cardiovascular disease. Currently, treatment strategies for AS still focus on lowering lipid levels with high-intensity statins, which often cause significant side effects. Therefore, the development of safer and more effective drugs and treatment modes is the focus of current research. Traditional Chinese medicine and natural compounds have the potential to treat AS by targeted autophagy, and have been playing an increasingly important role in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases in China. This paper summarizes the experimental studies on different vascular cell types and platelet autophagy in AS, and sums up the published research results on targeted autophagy of traditional Chinese medicine and natural plant compounds to regulate AS, providing new ideas for further research.
Humans ; Endothelial Cells/metabolism* ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Atherosclerosis/prevention & control* ; Lipoproteins, LDL/metabolism* ; Endothelium, Vascular ; Plaque, Atherosclerotic ; Autophagy

Chronic cough is caused by low levels of heat, mechanical or chemical exposure, which is characterized by the disorders of channels and receptors in neuroregulation such as the peripheral and central nerves. Potential regulatory targets of peripheral nerves include P2X3 receptors and transient receptor potential channels, while potential regulatory targets of central nerves include voltage-gated sodium channels, neurokinin-1 receptors, α-7acetylcholine receptors and gamma aminobutyric acid receptors. This paper focuses on the principle and clinical research evidence of several ongoing targeted therapy strategies, in order to provide new ideas for the development of drugs for the treatment of chronic cough.

Aim To study the inhibitory effect of attenuated salmonella SGN1, overexpressing methioninase, on nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and the underlying mechanism. Methods The cell proliferation, cell cycle, cell apoptosis, clony formation and migration a-bility of 5-8F, HNE-2, CNE-2 cells were measured u-sing flow cytometry assay, clone formation assay, and wound assay after the methionine restriction treatment. 5-8F, HNE-2, CNE-2 cells were infected with SGN1 at the multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 1: 100 for 5 hours, followed with the measurement of cell growth. A xenograft model was constructed by subcutaneous injection of 5-8F cells in mice to observe the inhibitory effect of SGN1 on nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Results Compared with the control group, methionine restriction significantly inhibited the proliferation, migration ability, and clone formation of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells and blocked the G

OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical significance of anti-endothelial cell antibodies (AECA) in predicting early miscarriage. METHODS: A total of 122 pregnant women with no history of autoimmune diseases who underwent prenatal examination at Peking University People's Hospital from January 2020 to December 2022 were selected, and they were tested for AECA. Based on the history of early miscarriage (gestational age at miscarriage < 12 weeks), the participants were divided into an early miscarriage group and a control group. t-tests, non-parametric Wilcoxon tests, Chi-square tests, and Fisher's exact probability method were used to compare general information and laboratory indicators between the two groups. A multivariate Logistic regression model was used to analyze the factors associated with early miscarriage. The natural miscarriage rates were assessed through follow-up with pregnant women, and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was employed to compare the natural miscarriage rates between AECA-positive and AECA-negative pregnant women. RESULTS: (1) A total of 122 pregnant women were enrolled, comprising 35 cases (28.7%) in the early miscarriage group, with an average age of (32.1±6.1) years, and 87 cases (71.3%) in the control group, with an average age of (30.7±5.1) years. The early miscarriage group had higher gravidity [3 (2, 4) vs. 1 (1, 2), Z=-6.402, P < 0.001] and a higher prevalence of hypertension (11.4% vs.1.1%, P=0.024). The positive rate of AECA in the early miscarriage group (34.3% vs. 8.0%, χ²=13.070, P < 0.001) and the proportion of elevated immunoglobulin G (17.1% vs. 4.6%, P=0.032) were significantly higher than that in the control group. (2) Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that higher gravidity (OR=4.149, 95%CI: 2.287-7.529, P < 0.001), AECA positivity (OR= 4.288, 95% CI: 1.157-15.893, P=0.029), and elevated immunoglobulin G levels (OR =6.177, 95%CI: 1.156-33.015, P=0.033) were risk factors for early miscarriage. (3) The 122 pregnant women were categorized into two groups: the AECA-positive group (19 cases) and the AECA-negative group (103 cases). Survival analysis demonstrated that at the end of 12 weeks of gestation, the fetal survival rate in the AECA-positive group was significantly lower than that in the AECA-negative group (84.2% vs. 96.1%, P= 0.035). CONCLUSION Higher gravidity, AECA positivity, and elevated immunoglobulin G levels are significant risk factors for early miscarriage. The results demonstrate that AECA is a novel predicting test in early miscarriage.
Humans ; Female ; Pregnancy ; Adult ; Infant ; Abortion, Spontaneous ; Autoantibodies ; Immunoglobulin G ; Hypertension

Objective: To elucidate the clinical features of patients with refractory juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM), and to explore the efficacy and safety of tofacitinib in the treatment of refractory JDM. Methods: A total of 75 JDM patients admitted to the Department of Rheumatology and Immunology in Shenzhen Children's Hospital from January 2012 to January 2021 were retrospectively analyzed, and to analyze the clinical manifestations, efficacy and safety of tofacitinib in the treatment of refractory JDM. Patients were divided into refractory group with using of glucocorticoids in combination with two or more anti-rheumatic drugs for treatment, and the presence of disease activity or steroid dependence after a one-year follow-up. The non-refractory group is defined as clinical symptoms disappeared, laboratory indicators were normal, and clinical remission was achieved after initial treatment, and the clinical manifestations and laboratory indexes of the two groups were compared. The Mann-Whitney U test, Fisher's precision probability test was used for intergroup comparison. Binary Logistic multivariate regression analysis was used to identify risk factors for refractory JDM. Results: Among the 75 children with JDM, 41 were males and 34 were females with a age of onset of 5.3 (2.3, 7.8) years. The refractory group consisted of 27 cases with a age of onset of 4.4 (1.5, 6.8) years, while the non-refractory group consisted of 48 cases with a age of onset of 5.9 (2.5, 8.0) years. Compared with 48 cases in the non-refractory group, the proportion of interstitial lesions and calcinosis in the refractory group was higher than that in the non-refractory group (6 cases (22%) vs. 2 cases (4%), 8 cases (30%) vs. 4 cases (8%), both P<0.05). Binary Logistic regression analysis showed that observation group were more likely to be associated with to interstitial lung disease (OR=6.57, 95%CI 1.22-35.31, P=0.028) and calcinosis (OR=4.63, 95%CI 1.24-17.25, P=0.022). Among the 27 patients in the refractory group, 22 cases were treated with tofacitinib, after treatment with tofacitinib, 15 of 19 cases (86%) children with rashes showed improvement, and 6 cases (27%) with myositis evaluation table score less than 48 score both were improved, 3 of 6 cases (27%) had calcinosis were relieved, and 2 cases (9%) had glucocorticoid-dependence children were successfully weaned off. During the tofacitinib treatment, there was no increase in recurrent infection, blood lipids, liver enzymes, and creatinine were all normal in the 22 cases. Conclusions: Children with JDM with calcinosis and interstitial lung disease are more likely to develop refractory JDM. Tofacitinib is safe and effective for refractory JDM.
Child ; Female ; Male ; Humans ; Dermatomyositis/drug therapy* ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Calcinosis ; Glucocorticoids/therapeutic use*