Introduction: Diet quality is an important determinant of health; however, many Indonesian adults have poor dietary intake, with low fruit and vegetable consumption and high intake of fats and fried foods. Breakfast plays a crucial role in shaping diet quality and health outcomes, but practices vary widely across populations. Urban adults are more exposed to processed foods and eating out, while rural adults rely on staple-based diets. This study explored the association between breakfast practices and overall diet quality among Indonesian adults in urban and rural areas. Methods: Data from the Indonesia Food Barometer 2018 were analysed for 770 adults aged 26–45 years from six provinces. Breakfast practices, including consumption, location, companion, activity, and preparation, were assessed alongside socioeconomic characteristics (age, gender, job, education level, and wealth index). Diet quality was measured using the Diet Quality IndexInternational. Statistical analyses included chi-square, Mann–Whitney, and Kruskal–Wallis tests and linear regression. Results: In rural areas, gender and breakfast activity were significantly associated with diet quality (p<0.05). In urban areas, age and breakfast consumption were significant factors (p<0.05). Across both settings, breakfast-related practices showed significant associations with diet quality. Conclusion: Associations between breakfast practices and diet quality differed between urban and rural adults, underscoring the importance of contextspecific strategies. Interventions to improve diet quality should therefore be tailored to local dietary behaviours and environments.

Introduction: Poor diet quality is a major issue, and health concerns may be related to diet. Mothers with young children usually have their meals at home; thus, home food environment plays a role in determining dietary behaviours. This study examined the association between health concerns and diet quality among mothers; additionally, the effect of home food environment on this relationship was assessed. Methods: This cross-sectional study comprising 229 mothers (aged 19–49 years) with young children was conducted in an urban slum area in North Jakarta. Data were collected via interviews using a structured questionnaire. The General Health Interest Scale and Consumer Behaviour Questionnaire were used to assess health concern and home food environment, respectively. The 24-hour dietary recall method was used to calculate the Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I) score. Spearman’s correlation, multiple linear regression, and path analysis were used to analyse the data. Results: Majority of the mothers had poor diet quality (mean DQI-I score, 41.44/100). No significant correlation between health concern and diet quality was observed. After adjusting for age, the relationship between health concern and diet quality was not mediated by vegetables availability or eating out frequency (indirect effect=0.012; p=0.096). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed age as a significant predictor of diet quality (B=0.196; p=0.024). Conclusion: Diet quality among mothers of young children differed with age and was related to both health concerns and home food environment. Thus, the development of strategies to promote healthy eating based on different age groups is warranted.

Introduction: Undernutrition among adolescent girls is an important concern due to their rapid growth velocity that requires adequate intake of energy and nutrients. This study compared intake adequacy and dietary diversity between adolescent public schoolgirls from slum areas in Central Jakarta who had normal and poor nutritional status. Methods: A total of 220 eligible girls aged 14–18 years were recruited, with an equal proportion in the normal group (NG) [-1 to +1 SD body mass index-for-age z-score (BAZ)], and undernutrition group (UG) (BAZ < -1SD). Dietary intake was assessed using two non-consecutive 24-hour recalls. Dietary diversity scores (DDS) were determined with reference to the intake of 13 food groups with a minimum daily intake of 15 gram/food group. Receiver operating curve analysis was performed to obtain the DDS cut-off. The Mann–Whitney test was performed to compare DDS between the NG and UG. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to examine the likelihood of potential factors in predicting nutritional status outcome. Results: Overall, almost half of the girls’ daily food intake showed low dietary diversity based on DDS cut-off <5, with no significant difference between NG and UG adolescents. Protein intake inadequacy showed significant unlikelihood of a NG outcome (OR=0.4; 95% CI: 0.2-0.8), while low socioeconomic status (SES) showed a strong likelihood of an UG (OR=2.7; 95% CI: 1.3-5.5) compared to high SES. Conclusion: Low dietary intake and DDS were common among adolescent schoolgirls in slum areas in Jakarta. Nutrition interventions promoting appropriate dietary intake among adolescent girls are recommended.