The principle of treating different diseases with the same therapy is the essence of syndrome differentiation and treatment in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. It means that when the same pathogenic changes or the same symptoms appear in the development of different diseases， the same principles or methods can be used for treatment. Due to the complexity and high variability of viral pathogenicity， the precise and effective treatment of different types of viral pneumonia （VP） has always been a research focus and difficulty in modern medicine. VP belongs to the category of external-contraction febrile disease， warm disease， and epidemic in TCM. Haoqin Qingdantang （HQQDD） is a representative formula for clearing heat and dispelling dampness in warm diseases， and its intervention in VP caused by various viral infections has significant effects. This study， guided by the theory of treating different diseases with the same therapy， links the related studies on using HQQDD to treat different types of VP and finds that influenza virus pneumonia （IVP）， severe acute respiratory syndrome （SARS）， and COVID-19 all have a common pathogenic mechanism of dampness-heat at different stages of respective diseases. When these diseases are dominated by damp-heat factors， the use of HQQDD yields remarkable therapeutic effects. Modern pharmacological studies have confirmed that HQQDD can inhibit virus replication， reduce fever reactions， inhibit the expression of inflammatory mediators， and regulate immune balance. Moreover， the sovereign medicine in this formula has excellent antiviral activity， and the formula reflects rich scientific connotations of treating VP. According to the theory of treating different diseases with the same therapy and based on the effective treatment practice and modern pharmacological research of HQQDD for different types of VP， this paper mines the underlying TCM theory of treatment with the same therapy， explores the syndrome differentiation and treatment strategy and effect mechanism of this formula for different types of VP， and analyzes the treatment mechanism and characteristics， with the aim of providing evidence and reference for the clinical application and modern research of HQQDD.

Pneumonia is an infectious disease with high morbidity and mortality worldwide， and its damage to the body is not limited to the acute phase. The theory of combination of pathogenic factors emphasizes that the combination of new pathogens and residual pathogens in the body leads to the occurrence of diseases， which generalizes the causes of recurrence during pneumonia recovery. During the recovery stage of pneumonia， pathological changes such as disturbance of immune homeostasis， persistent low-grade inflammation， and microvascular damage continue to affect the body function， impair the health and quality of life of patients， and increase the risk of secondary infection. According to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）， pneumonia is caused by deficiency， and Qi deficiency and blood stasis is the core pathogenesis in the recovery stage. At this time， the body is not full of healthy qi and still has residual pathogens， and thus it is susceptible to external pathogenic factors that lead to disease recurrence. As an important part of the TCM philosophy of treating disease before its onset， prevention of recurrence after recovery emphasizes the need for aftercare in the recovery stage to prevent disease recurrence. Based on the pathogenesis theory of combination of pathogenic factors and the pathogenesis of Qi deficiency and blood stasis， this paper discusses the effect and connotation of TCM in regulating immune inflammation and microvascular damage in preventing recurrence of pneumonia during the recovery stage， aiming to develop new ideas for effective prevention and treatment of pneumonia at this stage.

With the increasing utilization of cancer therapy, the incidence of lung injury associated with these treatments continues to rise. The recognition of pulmonary toxicity related to cancer therapy has become increasingly critical, for which interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a common cause of mortality. Cancer therapy-related ILD (CT-ILD) can result from a variety of treatments including chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immune checkpoint inhibitors, antibody-drug conjugates, and radiotherapy. CT-ILD may progress rapidly and even be life-threatening; therefore, prompt diagnosis and timely treatment are crucial for effective management. This review aims to provide valuable information on the risk factors associated with CT-ILD; elucidate its underlying mechanisms; discuss its clinical features, imaging, and histological manifestations; and emphasize the clinical-related views of its diagnosis. In addition, this review provides an overview of grading, typing, and staging treatment strategies used for the management of CT-ILD.
Humans ; Lung Diseases, Interstitial/diagnosis* ; Neoplasms/therapy* ; Risk Factors ; Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors/adverse effects* ; Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use*

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the efficacy and safety of decitabine-based myeloablative preconditioning regimen for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). METHODS: The clinical characteristics and efficacy of 115 AML patients who underwent allo-HSCT at the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital from August 2018 to August 2022 were retrospectively analyzed, including 37 patients treated with decitabine conditioning regimen (decitabine group) and 78 patients without decitabine conditioning regimen (non-decitabine group). The cumulative incidence of relapse (CIR), overall survival (OS), leukemia-free survival (LFS), non-relapse mortality (NRM) and graft versus host disease (GVHD) were analyzed. RESULTS: For the patients in first complete remission (CR1) state before allo-HSCT, the 1-year relapse rates of decitabine group(22 cases) and non-decitabine group(69 cases) were 9.1% and 29.6%, respectively, the difference was statistically significant(P =0.042). The 1-year cumulative incidence of acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) in decitabine group and non-decitabine group was 62.2% and 70.5%, respectively, and the 1-year cumulative incidence of chronic inhibitor-versus-host disease (cGVHD) was 18.9% and 14.1%, respectively, there were no significant differences in the incidence of aGVHD and cGVHD between the two groups (P >0.05). Of the 115 patients, there were no significantly differences in the 1-year CIR(21.7% vs 28.8%, P =0.866), NRM(10.9% vs 3.9%, P =0.203), OS(75.2% vs 83.8%, P =0.131) and LFS(74.6% vs 69.1%, P =0.912) between the decitabine group(37 cases) and the non-decitabine group(78 cases). CONCLUSION Decitabine-based conditioning regimen could reduce the relapse rate of AML CR1 patients with good safety.
Humans ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/therapy* ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation/methods* ; Decitabine/therapeutic use* ; Transplantation Conditioning/methods* ; Retrospective Studies ; Graft vs Host Disease ; Transplantation, Homologous ; Male ; Female ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Adolescent ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of Bushen Huoxue Granule on the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) in an in vitro model of Parkinson's disease. METHODS: After treated with 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium (MPP⁺, 1 mmol/L) for 24 h, the cells were incubated with drug-free serum, Madopar-containing serum or Bushen Huoxue Granule-containing serum (BCS, 5%, 10%, and 20%) for another 24 h. The levels of α-synuclein (α-syn), tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and UPS-related proteins were detected by Western blot. The expression levels of α-syn in PC12 cells were also analyzed by Western blot after treated with proteasome inhibitor MG132 and WT-α-syn plasmid transfection, respectively, as well as the alterations induced by subsequent BCS intervention. Immunocytochemistry was performed to determine the changes in α-syn phosphorylation at serine 129 (pSer129-α-syn) expression. The 20S proteasome levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbnent assay. RESULTS: BCS (volume fraction ⩽20%) intervention could alleviate the MMP⁺-induced cell viability decrease (P<0.05). In the MPP⁺ treated cells, α-syn was up-regulated, while TH and proteins of UPS such as ubiquitin (Ub), Ub binding with Ub-activating enzyme (UBE1), Parkin and Ub C-terminal hydrolase-1 (UCHL-1) were down-regulated (P<0.05). BCS intervention could attenuate the above changes (P<0.05). The activity of BCS on blocking α-syn accumulation was weakened by MG132 (P<0.05). While α-syn level was significantly increased in cells transfected with plasmid, and reduced by BCS intervention (P<0.05). pSer129-α-syn was increased in MPP⁺-induced PC12 cells, whereas decreased by later BCS intervention (P<0.05). The 20S proteasome activity of MPP⁺-induced PC12 cells was decreased, but increased after BCS intervention (P<0.05). CONCLUSION BCS intervention protected UPS function, increased 20S proteasome activity, promoted pathological α-syn clearance, restored cell viability, and reversed the damage caused by MPP⁺ in the in vitro model of Parkinson's disease.
PC12 Cells ; alpha-Synuclein/metabolism* ; Rats ; Animals ; 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium/toxicity* ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex/metabolism* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology* ; Ubiquitin/metabolism* ; Cell Survival/drug effects* ; Phosphorylation/drug effects* ; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase/metabolism*

Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a transformative technology in accelerating drug discovery and development within natural medicines research. Natural medicines, characterized by their complex chemical compositions and multifaceted pharmacological mechanisms, demonstrate widespread application in treating diverse diseases. However, research and development face significant challenges, including component complexity, extraction difficulties, and efficacy validation. AI technology, particularly through deep learning (DL) and machine learning (ML) approaches, enables efficient analysis of extensive datasets, facilitating drug screening, component analysis, and pharmacological mechanism elucidation. The implementation of AI technology demonstrates considerable potential in virtual screening, compound optimization, and synthetic pathway design, thereby enhancing natural medicines' bioavailability and safety profiles. Nevertheless, current applications encounter limitations regarding data quality, model interpretability, and ethical considerations. As AI technologies continue to evolve, natural medicines research and development will achieve greater efficiency and precision, advancing both personalized medicine and contemporary drug development approaches.
Biological Products/pharmacology* ; Artificial Intelligence ; Humans ; Drug Discovery/methods* ; Machine Learning ; Deep Learning

Direct electrical stimulation of the human cortex can produce subjective visual sensations, yet these sensations are unstable. The underlying mechanisms may stem from differences in electrophysiological activity within the distributed network outside the stimulated site. To address this problem, we recruited 69 patients who experienced visual sensations during invasive electrical stimulation while intracranial electroencephalography (iEEG) data were recorded. We found significantly flattened power spectral slopes in distributed regions involving different brain networks and decreased integrated information during elicited visual sensations compared with the non-sensation condition. Further analysis based on minimum information partitions revealed that the reconfigured network interactions primarily involved the inferior frontal cortex, posterior superior temporal sulcus, and temporoparietal junction. The flattened power spectral slope in the inferior frontal gyrus was also correlated with integrated information. Taken together, this study indicates that the altered electrophysiological signatures provide insights into the neural mechanisms underlying subjective visual sensations.
Humans ; Male ; Female ; Adult ; Visual Perception/physiology* ; Electric Stimulation ; Middle Aged ; Young Adult ; Electrocorticography ; Electroencephalography ; Brain Mapping

Cemental tear is a rare and indetectable condition unless obvious clinical signs present with the involvement of surrounding periodontal and periapical tissues. Due to its clinical manifestations similar to common dental issues, such as vertical root fracture, primary endodontic diseases, and periodontal diseases, as well as the low awareness of cemental tear for clinicians, misdiagnosis often occurs. The critical principle for cemental tear treatment is to remove torn fragments, and overlooking fragments leads to futile therapy, which could deteriorate the conditions of the affected teeth. Therefore, accurate diagnosis and subsequent appropriate interventions are vital for managing cemental tear. Novel diagnostic tools, including cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), microscopes, and enamel matrix derivatives, have improved early detection and management, enhancing tooth retention. The implementation of standardized diagnostic criteria and treatment protocols, combined with improved clinical awareness among dental professionals, serves to mitigate risks of diagnostic errors and suboptimal therapeutic interventions. This expert consensus reviewed the epidemiology, pathogenesis, potential predisposing factors, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of cemental tear, aiming to provide a clinical guideline and facilitate clinicians to have a better understanding of cemental tear.
Humans ; Dental Cementum/injuries* ; Consensus ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Tooth Fractures/therapy*

Objective lo contrast the diagnostic efficacies of perineal and transrectal approaches for combined prostate biopsies guided via magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)and ultrasound fusion imaging.Method A retrospective analysis of clinical data from 271 patients subjected to combined prostate biopsies guided by MRI and ultrasound fusion imaging at the first people's hospital of Wuxue city and Wuhan Tongji Hospital from January 2022 to November 2023 was conducted.They were divided into two groups according to the puncture path,132 cases were transrectal and 139 cases were perineal.The differences between the detection rates of prostate cancer(PCa)and clinical significant prostate cancer(csPCa)across different prostate imaging reporting and data system(PI-RADS)scores and lesion localizations within the two puncture paths were compared.Results The detection rates of PCa in the perineal and transrectal puncture groups(68.3％vs.59.8％,P=0.145)and csPCa(64.7％vs.55.3％,P=0.112)did not exhibit statistically significant differences.However,the perineal puncture group experienced fewer complications.For patients with a PI-RADS score of 4,both PCa(77.2％vs.56.1％,P=0.027)and csPCa(71.9％vs.48.8％,P=0.02)detection rates were higher via the perineal combined biopsy),compared to the transrectal path.Additionally,for apical(PCa:84.3％vs.48.7％,P=0.001;csPCa:81.8％vs.48.7％,P=0.004)and anterior(PCa:77.1％vs.46.5％,P=0.006;csPCa:68.6％vs.44.2％,P=0.031)prostate lesions,the detection rates via the perineal combined biopsy were considerably higher than those of the transrectal path.Conclusion For patients carrying a PI-RADS score of 4 or with prostate lesions situated at the apical or anterior section,the perineal approach for biopsy sampling emerges as the most appropriate method.

Background and purpose:Lung adenocarcinoma has the characteristics of difficult early detection,rapid tumor progression and low surgical resection rate.Although studies on immunotherapy alone and immunotherapy combined with chemotherapy have shown initial success in improving prognosis and overcoming drug resistance,the majority of lung adenocarcinoma patients still receive limited benefits.Therefore,there is an urgent need to identify novel biomarkers with relatively high sensitivity and specificity to improve the prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma.Cell division cycle protein 20(CDC20)is involved in the occurrence and development of various tumors,but its biological role and mechanism in lung adenocarcinoma remain unclear.The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of CDC20 in lung adenocarcinoma and its predictive value for the prognosis of patients with lung adenocarcinoma,and to further explore the effects of CDC20 on the proliferation and invasion capabilities of lung adenocarcinoma cells.Methods:Utilizing immunohistochemistry(IHC)to detect the expression of CDC20 in lung adenocarcinoma tissues,we analyzed its correlation with poor prognosis in combination with bioinformatics and clinicopathological parameters.Kaplan-Meier survival curves were employed to illustrate the impact of CDC20 on postoperative survival rates in lung adenocarcinoma patients.COX multivariate regression analysis was conducted to identify independent prognostic factors influencing postoperative survival rates.Additionally,receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves were applied to assess the diagnostic value of CDC20 expression in lung adenocarcinoma patients.Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RTFQ-PCR)and Western blot were used to measure the expression levels of CDC20 in normal human lung epithelial cells(BEAS-2B)and human lung adenocarcinoma cells(A549 and H1299).In cellular experiments,CDC20 was knocked down in lung adenocarcinoma cells,which were divided into three groups:si-NC(control group),si-CDC20#1(knockdown group 1)and si-CDC20#2(knockdown group 2).Cell counting kit-8(CCK-8),colony formation,transwell and wound healing assays were conducted to assess cell proliferation,migration and invasion capabilities.Functional enrichment analysis using Geng Ontology(GO)and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathways was conducted to explore the biological roles of CDC20 in lung adenocarcinoma.Finally,gene set enrichment analysis(GSEA)was employed to investigate potential regulatory pathways of CDC20 in lung adenocarcinoma.This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Hebei Chest Hospital(Number:2022051).Results:The results of both bioinformatics analysis and IHC demonstrated a significantly high expression of CDC20 in lung adenocarcinoma tissues(P＜0.05).Both bioinformatics analysis and clinical parameter evaluation revealed a correlation between high CDC20 expression and poor patient prognosis.Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and COX regression analysis consistently indicated a significant negative correlation between CDC20 expression and postoperative survival rates in patients(P＜0.05).Additionally,the expression levels of CDC20 were higher in human lung adenocarcinoma cell lines A549 and H1299 compared with BEAS-2B(P＜0.05).Knockdown of CDC20 effectively inhibited the proliferation,migration and invasion of lung adenocarcinoma cells(P＜0.05).The results of GO,KEGG pathways and GSEA consistently pointed to a relationship between CDC20 and cell cycle regulation.Conclusion:CDC20 is highly expressed in lung adenocarcinoma.High expression of CDC20 is an independent risk factor for poor prognosis of lung adenocarcinoma patient.CDC20 can promote the proliferation,migration and invasion of lung adenocarcinoma cells.