ObjectiveTo analyze the epidemiological characteristics of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) among newly detained populations in eastern China, to identify high-risk groups, and to provide a scientific basis for formulating tuberculosis prevention and control strategies in the prison system. MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted among the newly admitted detainees in two prisons in eastern China in 2022. Data on demographic characteristics, behavioral risk factors and previous disease history of the research subjects were collected through a structured questionnaire survey. The LTBI status of the detainees was determined using the QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT-GIT) method. Lasso regression was used to screen variables, followed by multivariate logistic regression analysis to investigate the influencing factors of LTBI. ResultsA total of 305 detainees were included in the study. The median age of detainees was 35 (31, 43) years. The study population was predominantly male (67.21%), of Han ethnicity (95.41%), had a junior or senior high school education (59.34%), and was unemployed (31.80%). A history of smoking was reported by 52.79% of participants, while 57.70% reported no alcohol consumption. The majority had no history of hypertension (85.90%), diabetes mellitus (93.77%), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (97.38%), familial genetic diseases (95.08%), surgery or trauma (73.77%), drug use (92.79%), or hepatitis (93.77%). The LTBI rate was 14.75%. After comparing the demographic characteristics of LTBI and non-infected groups, it was found that smoking history (χ²=7.40, P=0.025), drug use history (χ²=5.49, P=0.019), and HIV infection (χ²=8.12, P=0.004) were statistically correlated with LTBI infection. The results of multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that smoking [adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=4.08, 95%CI: 1.60‒10.42, P=0.003], HIV infection (aOR=11.57, 95%CI: 2.50‒53.51, P=0.002) and drug use (aOR=3.04, 95%CI: 1.02‒9.09, P=0.046) were risk factors for LTBI. ConclusionThe LTBI rate among newly detainees in two prisons in eastern China is slightly lower than that among long-term detainees. Early screening and intervention should be implemented for newly detainees, with particular attention focused on high-risk groups such as those with a history of smoking, HIV infection, or drug use.

Introduction: Malaysian adults consume an average of 2892 mg of sodium daily, exceeding the recommended <2000 mg/day. In response, Malaysia implemented mandatory sodium labelling in 2022; however, compliance with regulatory limits remains uncertain, as discrepancies between laboratory-analysed and label-declared sodium values have been reported internationally. Given the limited local evidence, this study examined sodium labelling compliance in selected processed and ultra-processed foods. Methods: A total of 52 products, including salted packaged nuts, commercially packaged biscuits, and canned fish, of which 8 bore the Healthier Choice Logo (HCL), were analysed. Sodium content was determined using flame atomic absorption spectroscopy, following dry ashing and nitric acid digestion. Compliance was assessed using the <120% regulatory tolerance criterion, primarily applied for enforcement purposes. Results: Only three out of the eight products (37.5%) met the regulatory tolerance criterion for sodium labelling compliance: almond (94.8 vs. 103.6 mg/100 g; label-declared vs. laboratory-analysed sodium), raisin biscuit (245.4 vs. 286.8 mg/100 g), and canned mackerel in tomato sauce (337.0 vs. 365.6 mg/100 g). The remaining products (62.5%) had higher laboratory-analysed sodium than declared. Sodium content did not differ significantly across categories. HCL products generally had lower sodium content than non-HCL products across all categories, although differences were not statistically significant for sweet cookies and canned fish. As HCL certification is voluntary, non-HCL products were also assessed against HCL nutrient criteria; none met all criteria. Conclusion: These findings highlight the need for more rigorous regulatory enforcement and periodic laboratory verification to ensure sodium labelling compliance in Malaysia.

Background Diseases severely affect the efficiency of workers. Comorbidity refers to the coexistence of two or more chronic diseases or health problems in the same individual. Previous studies have primarily focused on occupational injuries caused by environmental exposures, while the analysis of the epidemiological characteristics of self-reported diseases and occupational injuries among manufacturing workers has been insufficient. Objective To analyze the distribution of self-reported diseases and occupational injuries among manufacturing workers, the strength of correlation between different diseases, and common disease combinations, and to preliminarily explore the relationship between self-reported diseases and occupational injuries. Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted to investigate the occupational injuries of 2382 workers in 2 manufacturing enterprises over the past year, and 2355 questionnaires were valid after cleaning. The questionnaire included three parts: basic information, occupational injury occurrence, and disease prevalence. The self-reported diseases diagnosed by physicians included musculoskeletal diseases, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, mental health problems, neurological and sensory organ diseases, digestive organ diseases, reproductive and urinary organ diseases, skin diseases, tumors, endocrine and metabolic system diseases, blood diseases and birth defects, a total of 11 types. Log-binomial model was used to calculate the prevalence ratio (PR) value of the association between different diseases, and UpSet diagram was used to present the disease combination pattern. Results In total, 40.2% (946/2355) of the study participants reported at least one disease, while 8.6% (203/2355), 5.2% (122/2355), and 5.9% (140/2355) reported having two, three, and four or more diseases, respectively. A higher prevalence was observed for musculoskeletal diseases, neurological and sensory organ diseases, digestive organ diseases, and skin diseases, which accounted for 18.0% (423/2355), 13.8% (324/2355), 9.3% (218/2355), and 9.1% (214/2355), respectively. Workers with musculoskeletal disorders, cardiovascular diseases, or neurological and sensory organ diseases reported significantly higher incidence of occupational injuries compared with workers without the corresponding diseases (P<0.001, P=0.041, and P=0.006, respectively). Musculoskeletal diseases were strongly associated with comorbidities of neurological and sensory organ diseases (PR values were 1.86 and 1.98, respectively), and the other patters were musculoskeletal diseases and digestive organ diseases (PR and OR values were 1.57 and 2.35, respectively), and musculoskeletal diseases and cardiovascular diseases (PR and OR values were 1.46 and 2.22, respectively). The largest binomial comorbidity group involved musculoskeletal diseases and neurological and sensory organ diseases, accounting for 5.4% (25/465) of the comorbid workers. Conclusion Among the self-reported diseases of manufacturing workers, musculoskeletal diseases, neurological and sensory organ diseases, digestive organ diseases, and skin diseases are more common. Musculoskeletal diseases and neurological and sensory organ diseases are the most common in all comorbidities. Musculoskeletal diseases, cardiovascular diseases, and neurological and sensory organ diseases are associated with occupational injuries. In the prevention and control of occupational injuries, joint prevention strategies targeting multiple diseases should be strengthened.

Tumor drug resistance is an important problem in the failure of chemotherapy and targeted drug therapy, which is a complex process involving chromatin remodeling. SWI/SNF is one of the most studied ATP-dependent chromatin remodeling complexes in tumorigenesis, which plays an important role in the coordination of chromatin structural stability, gene expression, and post-translation modification. However, its mechanism in tumor drug resistance has not been systematically combed. SWI/SNF can be divided into 3 types according to its subunit composition: BAF, PBAF, and ncBAF. These 3 subtypes all contain two mutually exclusive ATPase catalytic subunits (SMARCA2 or SMARCA4), core subunits (SMARCC1 and SMARCD1), and regulatory subunits (ARID1A, PBRM1, and ACTB, etc.), which can control gene expression by regulating chromatin structure. The change of SWI/SNF complex subunits is one of the important factors of tumor drug resistance and progress. SMARCA4 and ARID1A are the most widely studied subunits in tumor drug resistance. Low expression of SMARCA4 can lead to the deletion of the transcription inhibitor of the BCL2L1 gene in mantle cell lymphoma, which will result in transcription up-regulation and significant resistance to the combination therapy of ibrutinib and venetoclax. Low expression of SMARCA4 and high expression of SMARCA2 can activate the FGFR1-pERK1/2 signaling pathway in ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma cells, which induces the overexpression of anti-apoptosis gene BCL2 and results in carboplatin resistance. SMARCA4 deletion can up-regulate epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) by activating YAP1 gene expression in triple-negative breast cancer. It can also reduce the expression of Ca²⁺ channel IP3R3 in ovarian and lung cancer, resulting in the transfer of Ca²⁺ needed to induce apoptosis from endoplasmic reticulum to mitochondria damage. Thus, these two tumors are resistant to cisplatin. It has been found that verteporfin can overcome the drug resistance induced by SMARCA4 deletion. However, this inhibitor has not been applied in clinical practice. Therefore, it is a promising research direction to develop SWI/SNF ATPase targeted drugs with high oral bioavailability to treat patients with tumor resistance induced by low expression or deletion of SMARCA4. ARID1A deletion can activate the expression of ANXA1 protein in HER2+ breast cancer cells or down-regulate the expression of progesterone receptor B protein in endometrial cancer cells. The drug resistance of these two tumor cells to trastuzumab or progesterone is induced by activating AKT pathway. ARID1A deletion in ovarian cancer can increase the expression of MRP2 protein and make it resistant to carboplatin and paclitaxel. ARID1A deletion also can up-regulate the phosphorylation levels of EGFR, ErbB2, and RAF1 oncogene proteins.The ErbB and VEGF pathway are activated and EMT is increased. As a result, lung adenocarcinoma is resistant to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs). Although great progress has been made in the research on the mechanism of SWI/SNF complex inducing tumor drug resistance, most of the research is still at the protein level. It is necessary to comprehensively and deeply explore the detailed mechanism of drug resistance from gene, transcription, protein, and metabolite levels by using multi-omics techniques, which can provide sufficient theoretical basis for the diagnosis and treatment of poor tumor prognosis caused by mutation or abnormal expression of SWI/SNF subunits in clinical practice.

OBJECTIVE To provide medication reference for duloxetine use in clinical settings， particularly for patients with depression in primary medical institutions in Xinjiang that lack therapeutic drug monitoring conditions. METHODS The medical records of 281 depression inpatients taking duloxetine in the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University from January 2022 to December 2023 were retrospectively collected. They were divided into training set （196 cases） and test set （85 cases） in the ratio of 7∶3. Feature selection was performed by encapsulating random forests （RF） with recursive feature elimination. Four machine learning algorithms， namely support vector machine， RF， extreme gradient boosting （XGBoost） and artificial neural network， were used to construct duloxetine blood concentration prediction model. The prediction performance of the models was evaluated and compared by coefficient of determination （R2）， mean absolute error （MAE） and root mean squared error （RMSE）. The feature of the selected optimal model was explained by Shapley additive explanation method， and the importance ranking of the features and the influence on the prediction results of duloxetine blood concentration were determined. RESULTS A total of 29 characteristic variables were selected， including age， ethnicity， body mass index（BMI）， etc. XGBoost showed the highest R2 （0.808）， and the lowest MAE （7.644） and RMSE （10.808）. The ranking of feature importance for predicting the blood concentration of duloxetine was as follows： BMI＞age＞other 20 feature sets （including liver and kidney function and biochemical indicators）＞daily dosage＞comorbidities＞combination therapy＞ethnicity＞white blood cell count＞hemoglobin＞height. CONCLUSIONS XGBoost model possesses the best prediction performance of duloxetine blood concentration； BMI and age have a greater impact on the prediction of duloxetine blood concentration.

[Objective] To validate and optimize the platelet transfusion refractoriness (PTR) prediction model for patients with hematological disorders established by our center. [Methods] The data of patients with hematological diseases who received platelet transfusions from December 2021 to December 2022 were used as the training set, and data from January 2023 to December 2023 as the validation set. The validation set data was used to validate the predictive model constructed on the training set. Relevant risk factors for PTR were collected through literature review and preliminary studies。 The patients were divided into effective and ineffective groups according to the corrected count increment (CCI) of platelet counts. Predictive factors were screened using univariate and multivariate logistic regression. The calibration of the model were assessed via calibration curves, while discrimination, accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were evaluated using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves Clinical utility was further analyzed with decision curve analysis (DCA). [Results] The Hosmer-Lemeshow (H-L) goodness-of-fit test for the validation set yielded S: P=0.000, indicating that the original model needs optimization. Baseline comparisons and logistic regression identified the number of red blood cell units (RBCU) and platelet units (PLT-U) transfused as key predictors for the optimized model. The H-L goodness-of-fit test S: P values for the training and validation sets were 0.930 and 0.056, respectively; the ROC areas were 0.793 5 and 0.809 4, specificities 90.95% and 84.21%, sensitivities 59.26% and 70.04%, and accuracies 78.14% and 74.10%, respectively. DCA demonstrated clinical net benefit within a prediction probability threshold range of 0.2-0.8. [Conclusion] Transfusion volumes of RBC-U and PLT-U were inversely associated with PTR in hematological patients. The resulting PTR prediction model exhibits moderate predictive efficacy and clinical benefit.

Objective: To investigate the environmental contamination of norovirus in nurseries and primary/secondary schools, so as to provide a scientific basis for effective prevention and control measures. Methods: A total of 483 external environmental samples were collected from 34 cluster outbreaks of norovirus gastroenteritis in kindergartens and primary/secondary schools in Linhai City from 2021 to 2024. Pathogen detection was conducted using a rapid nucleic acid extraction kit and realtime fluorescence RT-PCR, and the results were analyzed using the χ2 test or Fishers exact test. Results: Among the collected external environmental samples, the total positive rate of surface contamination was 13.66%. The positive rates in kindergartens and primary/secondary schools were 12.20% and 15.82%, respectively. In kindergartens, the five surfaces with the highest detection rates were desks/chairs (23.33%), toilet stool troughs (20.69%), urinal troughs (12.00%), washbasins/sinks (11.11%), and toilet mops (9.38%). In primary/secondary schools, the top five were toilet stool troughs (38.30%), urinal troughs (23.53%), toilet door handles (13.04%), toilet mops (12.50%), and drinking cups (11.11%). The difference in positive detection rates among different external environments in primary/secondary schools was statistically significant (Fishers exact probability test, P<0.01). The positive detection rate in sanitary toilets was higher than that in classroom environments (χ2=17.38), while the positive detection rate in classroom environments of kindergartens was higher than that in primary/secondary schools (χ2=5.42)(P<0.05). Conclusions Norovirus exhibits a high contamination rate in nurseries and schools, particularly in restroom areas. Strengthening sanitation and disinfection in highrisk environments, and improving hygiene awareness among children and staff, are essential for the effective prevent and control of norovirus.

Objective To understand the current situation of healthcare-associated infection(HAI)in China,pro-vide data support and decision-making basis for formulating scientific and effective strategies for HAI prevention and control.Methods A nationwide cross-sectional survey on HAI was conducted among various types and levels of medical institutions in China according to a unified protocol of bedside surveys and case investigations.Results In 2024,a total of 5 736 medical institutions and 2 751 765 patients were surveyed.Among them,34 889 HAI cases were identified,with a prevalence rate of 1.27％.The number of HAI episodes was 38 032,and case prevalence rate was 1.38％.The prevalence rate of HAI in medical institutions in different regions of China ranged from 0.66％to 2.35％.Among medical institutions of different scales,those with a bed capacity of ≥900 had the high-est incidence of HAI,reaching 1.65％.The most common infection site was the lower respiratory tract(44.66％),followed by the urinary tract(12.94％),surgical site(9.32％),upper respiratory tract(7.02％),and bloodstream infection(5.78％).The top 3 departments with the highest HAI rates were the general intensive care unit(10.02％),department of neurosurgery(5.51％),and department(group)of hematology(5.34％).A total of 23 238 strains of HAI pathogens were detected,with 10 714 strains(46.10％)from lower respiratory tract speci-mens.The top 5 detected strains were Klebsiella pneumoniae(14.76％),Pseudomonas aeruginosa(13.33％),Escherichia coli(12.79％),Acinetobacter baumannii(9.23％),and Staphylococcus aureus(7.88％).231 944 pa-tients underwent class Ⅰ incision surgery were monitored,with 1 647 cases experienced surgical site infection,and the prevalence rate of surgical site infection was 0.71％.The number of patients who should undergo pathogen de-tection(patients receiving therapeutic and therapeutic combined prophylactic antimicrobial agents)was 715 179,while the actual number was 480 492,with a pathogen detection rate of 67.18％.425 225 patients received patho-genic detection before treatment,with a detection rate of 59.46％.Conclusion The overall HAI prevalence in Chi-na is lower,showing disparities among medical institutions of different regions and scales.Therefore,precise imple-mentation of measures is necessary for HAI prevention and control,with a focus on high-risk institutions and high-risk departments,key areas,and critical procedures.All levels of medical institutions should continuously reduce the incidence of HAI by strengthening monitoring,standardizing the use of antimicrobial agents,and reinforcing basic HAI prevention and control measures.

Objective:To clarify the morphological relationship between the upper airway and TMJ in patients with normal-angle skeletal Ⅱ and skeletal Ⅰ malocclusion.Methods:30 skeletal class Ⅰ and 22 skeletal class Ⅱ patients with normal-angle were included.CBCT examination was performed,and Mimics 21.0 software was used to conduct 3D reconstruction and measurements of the samples.Data was analyzed by using independent t-test and the Pearson correlation test.Results:12 measurements,including the sagittal diameter of nasopharyngeal segment,the sagittal,coronal diameter,minimum cross-sectional area,the volume of palato-pharyngeal segment and glossopharyngeum segment,the total volume of upper airway,posterior oblique slope of the articular eminence and the length of the condylar showed significant differences between skeletal Ⅱ and skeletal Ⅰ subjects with normal-angle(P＜0.05).The posterior oblique slope of the articular eminence showed a positive correlation with the sagittal diameter of the palatopharyngeal segment,volume and minimum cross-sectional area of glossopharyngeum lingual segment(P＜0.05).The liner ratio showed a negative correction with the coronal diameter of palatopharyngeal and glossapharyngeal segment as well as minimum cross-section area of glos-sapharyngeal segment(P＜0.05).Conclusion:The structure of upper airway is correlated with that of TMJ.Differences in the upper airway are statistically significant between skeletal Ⅱ and skeletal Ⅰ malocclusion with normal-angle(P＜0.05).

Fucoidan(FUC)is a natural seaweed-derived drug.Previously,our experiments have shown that FUC can significantly inhibit the cell viability of human osteosarcoma 143B cells and induce cell death,but the mechanism remains unclear.Ferroptosis,a novel form of cell death,has emerged as an important target for tumor therapy.This study aims to investigate whether FUC induces ferroptosis of 143B cells and elucidate its underlying molecular mechanisms.CCK-8 and LDH assays result showed that FUC(10,100,400 μg/mL)significantly reduced cell viability of 143B cells and induced cell death.Calce-in-AM staining,FeRhoNox-1 staining,and C11 BODIPY 581/591 staining indicated that FUC obviously increased the levels of labile iron pool(LIP),Fe2+,and lipid reactive oxygen species(Lip ROS)in 143B cells.Chemical colorimetric analysis revealed that FUC markedly decreased intracellular Glutathi-one(GSH)contents.Real-time quantitative PCR showed that FUC dramatically reduced the mRNA lev-els of ferroptosis-related factors solute carrier family 7 member 11(SLC7A11)and glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4),while increasing the mRNA levels of prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase 2(PTGS2)and acyl-CoA synthetase long-chain family member 4(ACSL4).Western blotting analysis demonstrated that FUC significantly reduced the protein levels of SLC7A11 and GPX4,and the ratios of p-PI3K/PI3K,p-AktSer473/Akt,and p-AktThr308/Akt,but increased the protein level of ACSL4.Immunofluorescence staining showed that FUC obviously inhibited the nuclear translocation of p-AktSer473.The ferroptosis in-hibitor ferrostatin-1(Fer-1)and iron chelator deferoxamine(DFO)remarkably suppressed cell death in-duced by FUC in 143B cells.Additionally,the PI3K/Akt pathway activator 740Y-P significantly inhibi-ted FUC-induced iron overload and lipid peroxidation in 143B cells,and restored the protein levels of SLC7A11 and GPX4.In conclusion,FUC can induce ferroptosis of 143B cells by inhibiting the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway,which may be a potential target for the prevention and treatment of osteosarcoma.