Objective To calculate and analyze the research and development(R&D)efficiency,as well as the technological achievements transformation efficiency,of ten"Double First-Class"medical universities and ten medical universities in the accumulative science and technology evaluation metrics over the last five years,in order to make recommendations for improving technological achievements transformation management at these universities.Methods The study used both classic data envelopment analysis and super-effectiveness data envelopment analysis models to assess the effectiveness of the R&D stage and technological achievements transformation stage at the selected medical universities.Furthermore,the Malmquist model was used to measure the changes in the efficiency of the transformation of scientific and technological achievements of the medical universities as a whole.Results Among the 20 medical universities chosen,the output efficiency in the R&D stage was greater than that in the technological achievements transformation stage.Five medical universities were output-effective at the R&D stage,and two medical universities were in the technological achievements transformation stage.The overall efficiency of scientific and technological achievements transformation in medical universities was steadily improving.Conclusion Based on the current situation,medical universities in China should strengthen effective collaboration between industry,academia,and research,establish professional teams for technological achievements transformation,improve the technological achievements transformation management system,improve talent team construction,and increase technological achievements transformation efficiency.

Objective To calculate and analyze the research and development(R&D)efficiency,as well as the technological achievements transformation efficiency,of ten"Double First-Class"medical universities and ten medical universities in the accumulative science and technology evaluation metrics over the last five years,in order to make recommendations for improving technological achievements transformation management at these universities.Methods The study used both classic data envelopment analysis and super-effectiveness data envelopment analysis models to assess the effectiveness of the R&D stage and technological achievements transformation stage at the selected medical universities.Furthermore,the Malmquist model was used to measure the changes in the efficiency of the transformation of scientific and technological achievements of the medical universities as a whole.Results Among the 20 medical universities chosen,the output efficiency in the R&D stage was greater than that in the technological achievements transformation stage.Five medical universities were output-effective at the R&D stage,and two medical universities were in the technological achievements transformation stage.The overall efficiency of scientific and technological achievements transformation in medical universities was steadily improving.Conclusion Based on the current situation,medical universities in China should strengthen effective collaboration between industry,academia,and research,establish professional teams for technological achievements transformation,improve the technological achievements transformation management system,improve talent team construction,and increase technological achievements transformation efficiency.

Objective:This study used data-independent acquisition (DIA) proteomics to analyze plasma protein expression in sepsis-induced coagulopathy (SIC), identify key biomarkers, and develop a diagnostic model.Methods:This prospective study included 46 adult sepsis patients from the intensive care unit. Patients were categorized into a general sepsis group ( n=26) and an SIC group ( n=20) based on established SIC criteria. Plasma samples underwent proteomic and bioinformatics analyses to identify differentially expressed protein (DEP) using LASSO regression and Random Forest. A diagnostic model was constructed and assessed via receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results:The baseline data revealed that SIC patients exhibited longer prothrombin times, lower platelet counts, and higher D-dimer, fibrin degradation products, blood lactate, SOFA scores, and APACHE Ⅱ scores compared with general sepsis patients ( P<0.05). DIA proteomics identified 2 637 proteins, with 240 DEP meeting the criteria (fold change >1.5, P<0.05), including 81 upregulated and 159 downregulated DEP. Subcellular localization analysis revealed that DEPs were predominantly extracellular and nuclear. Gene ontology (GO) annotation showed that DEP were mainly involved in cellular physiology, biological regulation, and stress response processes in biological processes. Domain annotation revealed a predominance of immunoglobulin V regions in DEP, which are crucial for antigen recognition and binding. KEGG enrichment analysis showed significant enrichment of DEP in pathways related to natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity, glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor biosynthesis, tumor necrosis factor signaling, and NF-κB signaling. LASSO regression identified angiogenin and C-type lectin domain family 10 member A as key DEP. The SIC diagnostic nomogram showed an area under the curve of 0.896, with 0.731 specificity and 0.900 sensitivity. Conclusion:The nomogram incorporating angiogenin and C-type lectin domain family 10 member A provides an accurate tool for SIC diagnosis.

Objective:This study used data-independent acquisition (DIA) proteomics to analyze plasma protein expression in sepsis-induced coagulopathy (SIC), identify key biomarkers, and develop a diagnostic model.Methods:This prospective study included 46 adult sepsis patients from the intensive care unit. Patients were categorized into a general sepsis group ( n=26) and an SIC group ( n=20) based on established SIC criteria. Plasma samples underwent proteomic and bioinformatics analyses to identify differentially expressed protein (DEP) using LASSO regression and Random Forest. A diagnostic model was constructed and assessed via receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results:The baseline data revealed that SIC patients exhibited longer prothrombin times, lower platelet counts, and higher D-dimer, fibrin degradation products, blood lactate, SOFA scores, and APACHE Ⅱ scores compared with general sepsis patients ( P<0.05). DIA proteomics identified 2 637 proteins, with 240 DEP meeting the criteria (fold change >1.5, P<0.05), including 81 upregulated and 159 downregulated DEP. Subcellular localization analysis revealed that DEPs were predominantly extracellular and nuclear. Gene ontology (GO) annotation showed that DEP were mainly involved in cellular physiology, biological regulation, and stress response processes in biological processes. Domain annotation revealed a predominance of immunoglobulin V regions in DEP, which are crucial for antigen recognition and binding. KEGG enrichment analysis showed significant enrichment of DEP in pathways related to natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity, glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor biosynthesis, tumor necrosis factor signaling, and NF-κB signaling. LASSO regression identified angiogenin and C-type lectin domain family 10 member A as key DEP. The SIC diagnostic nomogram showed an area under the curve of 0.896, with 0.731 specificity and 0.900 sensitivity. Conclusion:The nomogram incorporating angiogenin and C-type lectin domain family 10 member A provides an accurate tool for SIC diagnosis.

Objective:This article analyzed the current situation, similarities and differences and main problems of the registration and management systems of innovative medical devices in China and the United States.Methods:This article summarized the requirements and policies for the registration management of innovative medical devices in China and the United States, as well as the development and differences of the registration of innovative medical devices in China and the United States, and the main problems in the registration management of innovative medical devices in China.Results:At present, the development level of medical device industry in China and the United States was different, facing different development problems, and there were differences in the access standards and management methods of innovative medical devices. The registration management system established for innovative medical devices in China was gradually improving, and to a certain extent, it had promoted the enthusiasm of innovative product research and development and registration applications, but there were also problems such as unclear innovation evaluation scales, insufficient early intervention of review resources, and insufficient utilization of post-marketing data.Conclusions:Drawing on the beneficial experience of breakthrough device registration management in the United States, we will improve the registration management system for innovative products and shorten the review and approval cycle by clarifying the identification criteria for innovative medical devices, promoting the placement of review resources in the R&D stage, and further strengthening the use of post-marketing data and regulatory scientific research.

Objective Based on the framework of"quantitative analysis of supporting policies",this study focuses on the formulation and implementation of supporting policies for pharmaceutical science and technology innovative enterprises in China,so as to provide a certain reference for the implementation and improvement of policies for pharmaceutical science and technology innovative enterprises in China.Methods This study used Roy Rothwell and Walter Zegveld's innovative policy tools as the basis for analysis,and combined with the dimension of policy type,the policy was quantitatively analyzed.Results A total of 47 effective policy documents were selected,including 22 issued by the state and 25 issued by Beijing municipal government.A total of 104 policy instruments were included through the dismantling of policy provisions.Specifically,environment-based policy tools accounted for the highest proportion(60.58%),while demand-based and supply-based policy tools were relatively few.From the perspective of policy types,there were more planning policy documents(25 articles),while there were relatively few specific implementation policies(22 articles).Conclusion It is necessary to focus on optimizing the formulation stage of support policies and improving the use of supply-oriented and demand-oriented policy tools to better meet the needs of pharmaceutical science and technology innovative enterprises.

Objective To investigate the effects of remazolam toluene sulfonate(RT)on cognitive dysfunction and chemokine C-X3-C motif ligand 1/chemokine C-X3-C motif receptor 1(CX3CL1-CX3CR1)signaling pathway in elderly rats after partial hepatectomy.Methods All experimental rats were randomly separated into a Control group,a model group(POCD group),a low-dose and high-dose remazolam toluene sulfonate groups(RT-L,RT-H groups),and a high-dose remazolam toluene sulfonate+CX3CL1 antibody group(RT-H+CX3CL1 antibody group).A partial hepatectomy elderly rat model was established and corresponding drug treatments were given according to the groups.Morris water maze was applied to detect cognitive function in rats.ELISA was applied to detect the levels of inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-6 in rat serum.Nissl staining was applied to observe the pathological changes of hippocampal neurons in rats.TUNEL staining was applied to detect neuronal cell apoptosis in rats.Western blot was applied to detect the expression of apoptosis related proteins Bax,Caspase-3,C-caspase-3,and CX3CL1-CX3CR1 signaling pathway related proteins.Results RT reduced the escape latency of POCD in aged rats,increased the number of rats crossing the platform,alleviated neuronal damage,basically arranged cells,increased cell number,alleviated nuclear pyknosis,relatively clear nucleolus,decreased TNF-α,IL-6 levels,neuronal apoptosis index and Bax,Caspase-3,C-caspase-3 expression.The expression of CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 was increased,and the effect was more significant at high dose.CX3CL1 antibody can partially reverse the improvement of RT on POCD.Conclusion Remazolam toluene sulfonate can improve cognitive function after partial hepatectomy in elderly rats,and its mechanism of action is related to the activation of the CX3CL1-CX3CR1 signaling pathway.

Objective To investigate the effects of remazolam toluene sulfonate(RT)on cognitive dysfunction and chemokine C-X3-C motif ligand 1/chemokine C-X3-C motif receptor 1(CX3CL1-CX3CR1)signaling pathway in elderly rats after partial hepatectomy.Methods All experimental rats were randomly separated into a Control group,a model group(POCD group),a low-dose and high-dose remazolam toluene sulfonate groups(RT-L,RT-H groups),and a high-dose remazolam toluene sulfonate+CX3CL1 antibody group(RT-H+CX3CL1 antibody group).A partial hepatectomy elderly rat model was established and corresponding drug treatments were given according to the groups.Morris water maze was applied to detect cognitive function in rats.ELISA was applied to detect the levels of inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-6 in rat serum.Nissl staining was applied to observe the pathological changes of hippocampal neurons in rats.TUNEL staining was applied to detect neuronal cell apoptosis in rats.Western blot was applied to detect the expression of apoptosis related proteins Bax,Caspase-3,C-caspase-3,and CX3CL1-CX3CR1 signaling pathway related proteins.Results RT reduced the escape latency of POCD in aged rats,increased the number of rats crossing the platform,alleviated neuronal damage,basically arranged cells,increased cell number,alleviated nuclear pyknosis,relatively clear nucleolus,decreased TNF-α,IL-6 levels,neuronal apoptosis index and Bax,Caspase-3,C-caspase-3 expression.The expression of CX3CL1 and CX3CR1 was increased,and the effect was more significant at high dose.CX3CL1 antibody can partially reverse the improvement of RT on POCD.Conclusion Remazolam toluene sulfonate can improve cognitive function after partial hepatectomy in elderly rats,and its mechanism of action is related to the activation of the CX3CL1-CX3CR1 signaling pathway.

To explore evaluation of echocardiography (ECG) for early change of right ventricular function in aged patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Methods :A total of 45 aged patients with mild‐moderate stable COPD were selected as COPD group , and another 45 healthy volunteers were regarded as healthy control group .Two‐dimensional ultrasound and Doppler ultrasound indexes were measured and compared be‐tween two groups ,and their correlation were analyzed .Results :Compared with healthy control group ,there were significant rise in right ventricular transverse diameter [RVTD ,(28.03 ± 2.83) mm vs.(37.55 ± 5.44) mm] ,right ventricular wall thickness [RVWT ,(4.79 ± 0.44) mm vs.(5.04 ± 0.66) mm] ,right ventricular myocardial per‐formance index [RVMPI , (0.38 ± 0.06 ) vs .(0.54 ± 0.12 )] , tricuspid regurgitation pressure gradient [TRPG , (9. 50 ± 1. 93) vs.(36.87 ± 6.27 )] , tricuspid diastolic peak E／tissue Doppler tricuspid annular diastolic e′[E／e′, (4. 24 ± 0. 72) vs.(6.48 ± 1. 51)] and significant reductions in right ventricular fraction area change [FAC ,(53. 35 ± 5.41)% vs.(40.21 ± 7.24)%] ,tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion [TAPSE ,(20. 78 ± 2.64) vs.(14. 15 ± 2.44)] ,tricuspid early／late diastolic peak flow velocity [E／A , (1.17 ± 0.19 ) vs.(0.73 ± 0.14 )] , and tissue Doppler tricuspid annular systolic peak velocity [DTIs′,(13. 71 ± 1.25) vs.(12.92 ± 1. 70)] in COPD group , P＜0.05 or ＜0.01. Pearson correlation analysis indicated that TRPG was significant positively correlated with RVTD , RVMPI and RVWT ( r＝0. 440～0.830 , P＜0. 01 all) ,and significant inversely correlated with FAC ,TAPSE and DTIs＇( r＝ －0.615～ －0.561 , P＝0.001 all).Conclusion :RVTD ,FAC ,TAPSE ,tricuspid E／A ,E／e＇,RVMPI and TRPG etc .can be used to assess early change of right ventricular function .

Objective To investigate the displacement characteristics of intraoperative and postoperative positions of electrodes on CT imaging for bilateral subthalamic nucleus-deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) in Parkinson's disease (PD).Methods A retrospective analysis on preoperative MR imaging,intraoperative and postoperative CT images of 35 patients with PD treated with STN-DBS in our hospital from January 2014 to June 2018 was performed.A three-dimensional coordinate system was established based on preoperative MR imaging.MR imaging/CT fusion technique was used to fuse intraoperative and postoperative CT images with preoperative MR imaging to locate intraoperative and postoperative electrode positions.The displacement characteristics of intraoperative and postoperative electrodes were analyzed.Results The spatial distance between intraoperative and postoperative positions of bilateral electrodes was about 1 mm,and the depth displacement was minimal.The postoperative position of the first side electrode on lateral axis was shifted outwardly from intraopemtive position,and the second side electrode was shifted internally with a small degree;on anterior-posterior axis,the first side electrode obviously shifted backward,and the second side electrode slightly shifted backward.For bilateral electrodes,corresponding coordinate deviation of three axis between intraoperative electrode-preoperative target and postoperative electrode-preoperative target,showed a significant positive linear correlation,therefore,leading out the coordinate deviation regression function model.Conclusions The displacement of electrodes between intraoperative and postoperative positions has obvious rules after STN-DBS in PD,which can guide the adjustment of intraoperative electrode position and predict the postoperative position of electrode.