Objective To understand the current situation of healthcare-associated infection(HAI)in China,pro-vide data support and decision-making basis for formulating scientific and effective strategies for HAI prevention and control.Methods A nationwide cross-sectional survey on HAI was conducted among various types and levels of medical institutions in China according to a unified protocol of bedside surveys and case investigations.Results In 2024,a total of 5 736 medical institutions and 2 751 765 patients were surveyed.Among them,34 889 HAI cases were identified,with a prevalence rate of 1.27％.The number of HAI episodes was 38 032,and case prevalence rate was 1.38％.The prevalence rate of HAI in medical institutions in different regions of China ranged from 0.66％to 2.35％.Among medical institutions of different scales,those with a bed capacity of ≥900 had the high-est incidence of HAI,reaching 1.65％.The most common infection site was the lower respiratory tract(44.66％),followed by the urinary tract(12.94％),surgical site(9.32％),upper respiratory tract(7.02％),and bloodstream infection(5.78％).The top 3 departments with the highest HAI rates were the general intensive care unit(10.02％),department of neurosurgery(5.51％),and department(group)of hematology(5.34％).A total of 23 238 strains of HAI pathogens were detected,with 10 714 strains(46.10％)from lower respiratory tract speci-mens.The top 5 detected strains were Klebsiella pneumoniae(14.76％),Pseudomonas aeruginosa(13.33％),Escherichia coli(12.79％),Acinetobacter baumannii(9.23％),and Staphylococcus aureus(7.88％).231 944 pa-tients underwent class Ⅰ incision surgery were monitored,with 1 647 cases experienced surgical site infection,and the prevalence rate of surgical site infection was 0.71％.The number of patients who should undergo pathogen de-tection(patients receiving therapeutic and therapeutic combined prophylactic antimicrobial agents)was 715 179,while the actual number was 480 492,with a pathogen detection rate of 67.18％.425 225 patients received patho-genic detection before treatment,with a detection rate of 59.46％.Conclusion The overall HAI prevalence in Chi-na is lower,showing disparities among medical institutions of different regions and scales.Therefore,precise imple-mentation of measures is necessary for HAI prevention and control,with a focus on high-risk institutions and high-risk departments,key areas,and critical procedures.All levels of medical institutions should continuously reduce the incidence of HAI by strengthening monitoring,standardizing the use of antimicrobial agents,and reinforcing basic HAI prevention and control measures.

Objective To understand the current situation of healthcare-associated infection(HAI)in China,pro-vide data support and decision-making basis for formulating scientific and effective strategies for HAI prevention and control.Methods A nationwide cross-sectional survey on HAI was conducted among various types and levels of medical institutions in China according to a unified protocol of bedside surveys and case investigations.Results In 2024,a total of 5 736 medical institutions and 2 751 765 patients were surveyed.Among them,34 889 HAI cases were identified,with a prevalence rate of 1.27％.The number of HAI episodes was 38 032,and case prevalence rate was 1.38％.The prevalence rate of HAI in medical institutions in different regions of China ranged from 0.66％to 2.35％.Among medical institutions of different scales,those with a bed capacity of ≥900 had the high-est incidence of HAI,reaching 1.65％.The most common infection site was the lower respiratory tract(44.66％),followed by the urinary tract(12.94％),surgical site(9.32％),upper respiratory tract(7.02％),and bloodstream infection(5.78％).The top 3 departments with the highest HAI rates were the general intensive care unit(10.02％),department of neurosurgery(5.51％),and department(group)of hematology(5.34％).A total of 23 238 strains of HAI pathogens were detected,with 10 714 strains(46.10％)from lower respiratory tract speci-mens.The top 5 detected strains were Klebsiella pneumoniae(14.76％),Pseudomonas aeruginosa(13.33％),Escherichia coli(12.79％),Acinetobacter baumannii(9.23％),and Staphylococcus aureus(7.88％).231 944 pa-tients underwent class Ⅰ incision surgery were monitored,with 1 647 cases experienced surgical site infection,and the prevalence rate of surgical site infection was 0.71％.The number of patients who should undergo pathogen de-tection(patients receiving therapeutic and therapeutic combined prophylactic antimicrobial agents)was 715 179,while the actual number was 480 492,with a pathogen detection rate of 67.18％.425 225 patients received patho-genic detection before treatment,with a detection rate of 59.46％.Conclusion The overall HAI prevalence in Chi-na is lower,showing disparities among medical institutions of different regions and scales.Therefore,precise imple-mentation of measures is necessary for HAI prevention and control,with a focus on high-risk institutions and high-risk departments,key areas,and critical procedures.All levels of medical institutions should continuously reduce the incidence of HAI by strengthening monitoring,standardizing the use of antimicrobial agents,and reinforcing basic HAI prevention and control measures.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the distribution and the drug resistance of pathogens in cerebral stroke patients with hospital infction and to provide a foundation for reasonabie application of antibacterials.METHODS Pathogenic bacteria were isolated from inpatients of burn department from 2003 to 2008,instruments assay or K-B disk diffusion method was taken to carry out the sensitive test.The drug resistance rate of the pathogenic bacteria was analyzed.RESULTS Totally 222 strains were isolated,among which 122 strains were Gram-negative bacteria,58 strains were Gram-positive ones,and 42 strains were fungi.The percentage of these three groups was 54.95%,26.13% and 18.92%,respectively.The main strains of Gram-negative bacteria were Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Escherichia coli,and Enterobacter cloacae,and that of the Gram-positive bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus,Enterococcus and S.epidermidis.The major strain of fungi was Candida albicans.The pathogenic bacteria tested showed high drug resistance.The detection rate of the meticillin-resistant S.aureus(MRSA)was 73.68%.The detection rate of the ESBLs from the K.pneumoniae and the E.coli was 60.00% and 33.33 %.CONCLUSIONS The pathogenic bacteria are multidrug-resistant.Inspecting pathogens and strengthening susceptibility tests are very important in reducing drug abuse,decreasing the resistance rate and raising the cure rate in hospital.

OBJECTIVE To establish the mechanism for monitoring,standardizing and alarming of relative risk factors to reflect the tendency of hospital infection.METHODS Data of hospital infection during six years were surveyed and analyzed completely.The prevalence baseline of hospital infection was chosen as the value to assess the control rate of hospital infection.The alarm value was set on the baseline.RESULTS The hospital infection revalence baseline and alarm value were used to assess the quality of infection control in whole hospital and each department objectively and accurately.These values could be also used to assess the effect of control of hospital infection among departments.They also could be used to survey the tendency of hospital infection and determine prevalence and outbreak of hospital infection.CONCLUSIONS Prevalence baseline and alarm value for hospital infection are valuable for preventing hospital infection and its outbreak.

OBJECTIVE To discuss the methods to control hospital infection in stroke unit and care strategies.METHODS Analyzing the causes and factors for hospital infection in stroke unit with prospective,objective and retrospective methods,we found control methods and improvements for clinical care.RESULTS The infection rate in test group was 9.13%(113 cases)and in control group was 14.60%(174 cases).The former was significantly lower than the letter(?2=17.44,P