Primary cilia—those solitary, microtubule-based projections extending from the surface of most eukaryotic cells—are increasingly recognized not merely as cellular appendages, but as sophisticated signaling hubs. By compartmentalizing specific receptors (e.g., GPCRs) and effectors within a microdomain guarded by the transition zone, these organelles function effectively as high-gain sensors capable of integrating mechanical stimuli with metabolic cues. In this review, we examine the pivotal role of primary cilia across the nervous, bone-vascular, and renal landscapes, arguing for a unified “mechano-metabolic coupling” framework. Here, conserved ciliary modules are not static; rather, they are differentially deployed to uphold systemic homeostasis. Within the central nervous system, we position primary cilia as upstream integrators. We highlight how hypothalamic neuronal cilia concentrate metabolic receptors, such as the melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R), to interpret energy status. Moreover, the recent identification of serotonergic “axon-cilium synapses” points to a direct mode of neurotransmission, wherein 5-HT6 receptors drive nuclear signaling and chromatin accessibility to rapidly modulate gene expression. Through these mechanisms, central cilia modulate sympathetic tone and neuroendocrine output, effectively establishing the mechanical and metabolic “boundary conditions” under which peripheral organs operate. Dysfunction in these central hubs is linked to obesity and neurodevelopmental disorders, including Bardet-Biedl syndrome. In peripheral tissues, cilia serve as versatile mechanotransducers that convert physical forces into biochemical responses. Regarding the bone-vascular system, we discuss the translation of mechanical loads and fluid shear stress into structural remodeling. In osteoblasts, specifically, ciliary integrity is intrinsically linked to cholesterol and glucose metabolism, fine-tuning the balance between Hedgehog and Wnt/β-catenin signaling to govern osteogenesis and bone repair. A similar dynamic exists in the vasculature, where endothelial cilia sense shear stress to modulate KLF4 expression and endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition—processes critical for valvulogenesis and vascular remodeling. Meanwhile, in the kidney, tubular cilia act as terminal effectors within a “shear-cilia-metabolism” axis. Here, fluid shear stress engages ciliary signaling to trigger AMPK-mediated lipophagy and mitochondrial biogenesis, thereby securing the ATP supply required for solute transport. Notably, dysregulation of this axis leads to metabolic reprogramming and aberrant proliferation, acting as a hallmark driver of cystogenesis in polycystic kidney disease (PKD). Crucially, this review attempts to dissect the often-conflated logic of cross-system integration by distinguishing 3 non-equivalent pathways: direct communication via ciliary extracellular vesicles, though this remains largely hypothetical in long-range signaling; “physiology-mediated cascades”, where ciliary dysfunction in a single organ—such as the kidney—precipitates systemic pathology through hemodynamic and metabolic shifts (e.g., altered blood pressure, fluid volume, or uremic toxins); and “parallel molecular defects”, where shared genetic mutations in ubiquitous components like the IFT machinery cause simultaneous, independent failures across multiple organ systems. Building on these distinctions, we propose a nested-loop model that links central set-points with peripheral feedback via physiological variables. Furthermore, we construct a “causality-to-translation” roadmap that pinpoints structural repair (e.g., targeting IFT assembly) and metabolic rescue (e.g., AMPK activation or autophagy induction) as promising therapeutic avenues. Ultimately, this framework provides a theoretical basis for deciphering the shared pathological mechanisms of multisystem ciliopathies, offering a strategic guide for the development of targeted interventions that go beyond symptomatic treatment.

Artificial intelligence(AI)technology has been demonstrated that have unique advantages in medical diagnosis based on massive clinical data.Its potential prospects has been found in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular disease(CVD).AI technology has extent its priority in electrocardiogram reading,differential analysis and disease classification.Interventional therapy is an important part of the diagnosis and treatment of CVD.This paper aim to review the latest developments to summarize the AI-assisted CVD interventional diagnosis and treatment technology.

Aim To investigate the high expression of LINC00626 in colorectal cancer,and explore the effects of LINC00626 on the proliferation,apoptosis,and drug sensitivity of colorectal cancer SW480 cells,as well as its underlying mechanisms.Methods Flu-orescence in situ hybridization(FISH)was used to de-tect the expression levels of LINC00626 in 38 colorec-tal cancer tissues and their corresponding adjacent nor-mal tissues.The JASPAR database was utilized to pre-dict co-expressed genes and their possible binding sites.Cell transfection technology was employed to knockdown LINC00626.Western blot and qRT-PCR techniques were used to verify the transfection efficien-cy.CCK-8 assay,cell apoptosis and necrosis staining,and Western blot were used to detect the changes in the proliferation,apoptosis,drug sensitivity,and ap-optotic proteins of SW480 cells,respectively.Results The FISH results indicated that LINC00626 was highly expressed in colorectal cancer tissues(P＜0.05).The expression of LINC00626 was not associat-ed with the age or gender of patients,but was related to the TNM stage and the presence of lymph node me-tastasis($ P＜0.05 $).The results of CCK-8 assay and cell apoptosis and necrosis staining showed that af-ter knockdown of LINC00626,the proliferation ability of SW480 cells decreased,the apoptosis level in-creased,and the drug resistance decreased(P＜0.05).Western blot results showed that with the de-crease in the expression level of LINC00626,the ex-pression of caspase-3 protein decreased,the expression of cleaved caspase-3 protein increased,and the expres-sion of Bcl-2 protein decreased(P＜0.05).Conclu-sions LINC00626 is highly expressed in colorectal cancer and is associated with the TNM stage and the presence of lymph node metastasis.LINC00626 can af-fect the proliferation,apoptosis,and drug sensitivity of SW480 cells and alter the expression of apoptotic pro-teins.

Extensive penile ulcer secondary to granulomatosis with polyangiitis（GPA）is clinically rare. This study reports a 20-year-old male patient with pathologically confirmed GPA-induced penile ulcers. Following control of GPA progression and wound infection management，reconstruction using a scrotal pedicled flap was performed to address the penile skin defect. The follow-up of 1 year results demonstrated favorable flap survival and significant improvement in penile appearance.

AIM To study the chemical constituents from Tylophora ovata(Lindl.)Hook.ex Steud.and their antibacterial activities.METHODS Ethanol extract was isolated and purified by MCI,silica gel,Sephadex LH-20 and semi-preparative HPLC,then the structures of obtained compounds were identified by spectral data.The inhibitory activities of each compound against Phomopsis sp.were determined by mycelial growth rate method.RESULTS Twenty-six compounds were identified as paeonol(1),stigmast-4-en-3-one(2),ergosta-4,6,8(14),22-tetraen-3-one(3),2,4-methoxyphenol(4),1,2,4-trimethoxybenzene(5),3-methoxyphenol(6),3,4-dimethoxyacetophenone(7),5α,8α-epidioxy-ergosta-6,22(E)-diene-3β-ol(8),kaempferol 3-O-β-D-galactopyranoside(9),glaucogenind C(10),glaucoge-nin A 3-O-β-D-cymaropyranoside(11),dibutyl phthalate(12),cynatratoside A(13),hirundigoside C(14),sublanceoside B2(15),cynanoside A(16),dipentyl phthalate(17),5-hydroxymethyl-2-furancarboxaldehyde(18),bis-(2-ethyl)hexylphthalate(19),p-hydroxybenzoic acid(20),syringic acid(21),β-hydroxypropiovanillone(22),3-hydroxy-l-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-propanone(23),(+)-syringare sinol(24),(-)-syringare sinol(25),(+)-medioresinol(26).IC50 value of compound 12 was 37.27 μg/mL.CONCLUSION Compounds 1-26 are isolated from this plant for the first time.Compound 12 has inhibitory activity against Phomopsis sp.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of minimally invasive orthopedics combined with Akin surgical segmental osteotomy in the treatment of hallux valgus.Methods Clinical data of hallux valgus patients who underwent minimally invasive orthopedics combined with Akin surgical segmental osteotomy in Wangjing Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences from June 2020 to June 2022 were collected.Hallux valgus angle(HVA),intermetatarsal angle(IMA),distal metatarsal articular angle(DMAA),visual analogue scale(VAS)score,American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society(AOFAS)scale score and complications were compared before and after surgery.Results A total of 186 patients with hallux valgus(328 feet)were included in the study.All patients successfully completed the operation and the follow-up period was 6 months.Six months after surgery,HVA,IMA and DMAA were significantly lower than before surgery,VAS score was significantly lower than before surgery,and AOFAS scale score was significantly higher than before surgery(P＜0.05).There were no postoperative complications such as wound infection,delayed union or nonunion of the osteotomy,and metastatic metatarsalgia.Conclusion Minimally invasive orthopedic combined with Akin surgical segmental osteotomy is safe and effective in treatment of hallux valgus,which has the advantages of less injury,good deformity correction and less postoperative complications,and is worthy of clinical application and promotion.

Objective To improve the diagnosis and treatment of Streptococcus liver abscesses by analyzing the clinical presentations,antibiotic susceptibility,and treatment strategies of patients.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 21 patients diagnosed with liver abscess caused by Streptococcus from June 2012 to June 2022.The data included demographic information,clinical characteristics,laboratory tests,imaging findings,treatment strategies,and outcomes.Results The 21 patients were 29 to 77 years of age,and 81.0％were male.Clinical manifestations included fever,chills,fatigue,and abdominal pain.Some patients also had headache and altered consciousness,indicating possible concomitant brain abscess.Hematogenous dissemination and biliary tract origin were the most common routes of infection.The predominant pathogen was Streptococcus anginosus group(76.2％).Single pathogen infection was found in 12 cases and mixed infection in 9 cases.All isolates were sensitive to penicillin,cefotaxime,vancomycin,and levofloxacin,but 36.4％(4/11)of the isolates showed resistance to erythromycin and clindamycin.Four patients developed metastatic abscesses,and two experienced septic shock.The main treatment approach was a combination of antibiotics and percutaneous liver puncture drainage,resulting in improvement in 18 patients.Conclusions Liver abscesses caused by Streptococcus are usually non-specific in terms of symptoms.Streptococcus anginosus group is the primary pathogen.Antibiotics combined with percutaneous drainage is an effective treatment approach.It is crucial for clinicians to be aware of potential brain abscesses and the necessity of early intervention.

Objective To explore the effects of dodecanoylcarnitine(DA)and myristoleic acid(MA)on the function of mouse alveolar epithelial cell line MLE-12 and their underlying mechanisms.Methods An inflammatory model was established by stimulating MLE-12 cells with IL-4.The expression levels of DA,MA,and sphingosine-1-phosphate(S1P)in the cell supernatant were detected by ELISA.MLE-12 cells were separately intervened with DA and MA.RT-PCR and flow cytometry were used to detect the expression changes of inflammatory factors IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and the level of intracellular reactive oxygen species(ROS).Additionally,Western blot was performed to detect the expression of key proteins such as p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase(p-38 MAPK)and src homology 2 domain-containing phosphatase 1(SHP-1).To explore the role of S1PR2 in the effects of DA and MA,MLE-12 cells were pretreated with the S1PR2 inhibitor JTE-013,and the above experiments were repeated.Results IL-4 stimulation significantly upregulated the levels of DA,MA,and S1P in MLE-12 cells(P<0.05).DA/MA treatment groups exhibited significantly increased expression of IL-6 and TNF-α compared with the control group(P<0.05),along with elevated ROS levels(P<0.05).Western blot analysis revealed that DA/MA promoted SHP-1 dephosphorylation and phosphorylated p38 MAPK activation in MLE-12 cells.Notably,JTE-013 pre-treatment completely reversed these effects(P<0.05).Conclusion Asthma-related metabolites DA and MA exacerbate the inflammatory and oxidative stress responses of MLE-12 cells by activating the S1PR2 receptor,promoting the dephosphorylation of SHP-1 and the activation of the p-p38 MAPK pathway.This study reveals the core regulatory role of S1PR2 in this pathway as well.

Artificial intelligence(AI)technology has been demonstrated that have unique advantages in medical diagnosis based on massive clinical data.Its potential prospects has been found in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular disease(CVD).AI technology has extent its priority in electrocardiogram reading,differential analysis and disease classification.Interventional therapy is an important part of the diagnosis and treatment of CVD.This paper aim to review the latest developments to summarize the AI-assisted CVD interventional diagnosis and treatment technology.