Objective: To explore the correlation between traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) constitution and depressive symptom among school aged children and adolescents, so as to provide evidences for informing constitution based regulation and prevention of depressive symptom. Methods: From June to December 2024, a total of 4 729 students aged 6-14 were recruited by cluster random sampling from 10 primary schools in Baoding (Hebei Province), Heze and Liaocheng (Shandong Province). General information, TCM constitution and depressive symptom were collected. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) models were used to analyze related factors and threshold effects of depressive symptom. Binary Logistic regression was applied to examine the association between depressive symptom and TCM constitution, with subgroup analyses conducted. Results: The detection rate of depressive symptom among the included children and adolescents was 25.82%. RCS analyses indicated non linear associations between depressive symptom and age (inflection point at 10 years old), bedtime (inflection point at 22:00), and wake up time (inflection point at 6:30 ) (all P non linearity <0.01). Linear associations were observed with body mass index (BMI) and sleep duration (all P non linearity > 0.05 ). After adjusting for covariates such as age, BMI and sleep status, binary Logistic regression analyses showed that Yin deficient constitution ( OR =1.26, 95% CI =1.09-1.45) and Phlegm-dampness constitution ( OR =1.42, 95% CI =1.11-1.82) were significantly associated with depressive symptom among children and adolescents (all P <0.05). Conclusions Depressive symptom among school aged children and adolescents is primarily associated with Yin deficiency and Phlegm dampness constitutions in TCM constitution. Active attention should be paid to susceptible TCM constitution among children and adolescents. Targeted health guidance and interventions should be implemented to improve TCM constitution health status for preventing the occurrence of depressive symptom.

Objective To investigate the effects of cucurbitacin B (CucB) on alleviating skin lesions and inflammation in psoriasis mice via the cGAS-STING signaling pathway. Methods The expression of genes associated with the cGAS-STING signaling pathway in psoriatic lesions and non-lesional skin was analyzed, and hallmark gene set enrichment analysis was performed. The cytotoxicity of CucB on BMDMs was evaluated using the CCK-8 assay. The expression levels of genes and proteins related to the cGAS-STING signaling pathway, along with the secretion of inflammatory cytokines, were measured at different concentrations of CucB using quantitative PCR, Western blotting, and ELISA. Imiquimod-induced psoriasis BALB/c mice were divided into four groups: normal group, model group, low-dose CucB group [0.1 mg/ (kg.d)], and high-dose CucB group [0.4 mg/ (kg.d)], with five mice per group. PASI scoring was performed to assess the severity of psoriasis after 6 days of treatment, and HE staining was conducted to observe pathological damage. Meanwhile, the mRNA levels of inflammatory cytokines and their secretion were detected by qPCR and ELISA. Results Most cGAS-STING signaling-related genes were upregulated in lesional skin of psoriasis patients, and the hallmark gene set enrichment analysis revealed that the most significantly upregulated genes were primarily associated with immune response signaling pathways. CucB inhibited dsDNA-induced phosphorylation of interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) and STING proteins in both bone-marrow derived macrophages(BMDMs) and THP-1 cells. CucB also suppressed dsDNA-induced mRNA expression of IFNB1, TNF, IFIT1, CXCL10, ISG15, and reduced the secretion of cytokines such as IFN-β, IL-1β, and TNF-α in THP-1 cells. In the imiquimod-induced psoriasis mouse model, CucB treatment reduced psoriatic symptoms, alleviated skin lesions, and attenuated inflammation. ELISA and qPCR results showed that CucB significantly reduced serum secretion levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β, as well as the mRNA levels of IL23A, IL1B, IL6, TNF, and IFNB1. Conclusion CucB inhibits cytoplasmic DNA-induced activationc of the GAS-STING pathway. CucB significantly attenuates skin lesions and inflammation in IMQ-induced psoriatic mice, and the potential molecular mechanism may be related to the down-regulation of the cGAS-STING pathway.
Animals ; Psoriasis/pathology* ; Signal Transduction/drug effects* ; Membrane Proteins/genetics* ; Mice ; Nucleotidyltransferases/genetics* ; Disease Models, Animal ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Skin/metabolism* ; Triterpenes/therapeutic use* ; Humans ; Cytokines/metabolism* ; Inflammation/drug therapy* ; Male

Temporal interference (TI) is a form of stimulation that epitomizes an innovative and non-invasive approach for profound neuromodulation of the brain, a technique that has been validated in mice. Yet, the thin cranial bone structure of mice has a marginal influence on the effect of the TI technique and may not effectively showcase its effectiveness in larger animals. Based on this, we carried out TI stimulation experiments on rats. Following the TI intervention, analysis of electrophysiological data and immunofluorescence staining indicated the generation of a stimulation focus within the nucleus accumbens (depth, 8.5 mm) in rats. Our findings affirm the viability of the TI methodology in the presence of thick cranial bones, furnishing efficacious parameters for profound stimulation with TI administered under such conditions. This experiment not only sheds light on the intervention effects of TI deep in the brain but also furnishes robust evidence in support of its prospective clinical utility.
Animals ; Deep Brain Stimulation/methods* ; Nucleus Accumbens/physiology* ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Time Factors

Clear aligner treatment is a novel technique in current orthodontic practice. Distinct from traditional fixed orthodontic appliances, clear aligners have different material features and biomechanical characteristics and treatment efficiencies, presenting new clinical challenges. Therefore, a comprehensive and systematic description of the key clinical aspects of clear aligner treatment is essential to enhance treatment efficacy and facilitate the advancement and wide adoption of this new technique. This expert consensus discusses case selection and grading of treatment difficulty, principle of clear aligner therapy, clinical procedures and potential complications, which are crucial to the clinical success of clear aligner treatment.
Humans ; Consensus ; Orthodontic Appliance Design ; Orthodontic Appliances, Removable ; Tooth Movement Techniques/methods* ; Malocclusion/therapy* ; Orthodontics, Corrective/instrumentation*

Elemene, derived from Curcuma wenyujin, one of the "8 famous genuine medicinal materials of Zhejiang province," exhibits remarkable antitumor activity. It has gained wide recognition in clinical practice for effectiveness on tumors. Dr. XIE Tian, introduced the innovative concept of "molecular compatibility theory" by combining Chinese medicine principles, specifically the "monarch, minister, assistant, and envoy" theory, with modern biomedical technology. This groundbreaking approach, along with a systematic analysis of Chinese medicine and modern biomedical knowledge, led to the development of elemene nanoliposome formulations. These novel formulations offer numerous advantages, including low toxicity, well-defined composition, synergistic effects on multiple targets, and excellent biocompatibility. Following the principles of the "molecular compatibility theory", further exploration of cancer treatment strategies and methods based on elemene was undertaken. This comprehensive review consolidates the current understanding of elemene's potential antitumor mechanisms, recent clinical investigations, advancements in drug delivery systems, and structural modifications. The ultimate goal of this review is to establish a solid theoretical foundation for researchers, empowering them to develop more effective antitumor drugs based on the principles of "molecular compatibility theory".
Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use* ; Neoplasms/drug therapy* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Sesquiterpenes/therapeutic use*

Liver fibrosis is the healing reaction of chronic liver injury caused by various factors such as viral infection， alcohol， and chemical substances and is a key link in the progression of chronic liver diseases to liver cirrhosis and liver cancer. Liver macrophages are considered important mediators of liver injury and repair， and the polarization trend of macrophages has a bidirectional regulatory effect on liver fibrosis. This article reviews the role of different phenotypes of liver macrophages in the development and progression of liver fibrosis， in order to provide new ideas for the prevention and treatment of fibrosis.

Objective: To understand characteristics of men who have sex with men (MSM) who applied for HIV antibody self-testing reagents through "AIDS self-testing" column of a WeChat official account named "Dark Blue Public Health Center" in Tianjin City, so as to provide insights into exploring online modes of HIV antibody self-testing for MSM. Methods: Data of MSM who were 18 years old or above, currently lived in Tianjin City, had sex with men in the past six months and applied for HIV antibody self-testing reagents through "AIDS self-testing" column from May 2018 to December 2022 were collected. Demographic characteristics, results return and positive findings were descriptively analyzed. Results: Data of 2 064 MSM were collected, including 1 052 MSM aged 20 to 29 years (50.97%), 1 522 unmarried MSM (73.74%), 545 workers (26.41%), 1 385 MSM with college education or above (67.10%), and 315 MSM without testing for HIV antibody in the past (15.26%). A total of 6 470 self-testing reagents were applied, and 5 942 testing results were returned, with a return rate of 91.84%. There were 33.28% (687/2 064) of the applicants applying for 66.32% (4 291/6 470) reagents multiple times. There were 73 MSM with positive results, accounting for 1.23%. Conclusions The MSM applying for HIV antibody self-testing reagents through "AIDS self-testing" are mainly young and highly educated, including some who have never tested for HIV. However, attention should be paid to duplicate applications and the return rate should be increased.

Objective To observe the effect of matrine on intestinal mucosal injury in rats with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)by regulating interleukin 6(IL-6)/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3(STAT3)signaling pathway.Methods IBD model rats were constructed by colon perfusion of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid(TNBS)method,and randomly divided into model group,matrine low-and high-dose groups,and matrine high-dose+ colivelin(STAT3 activator)group,with 10 rats in each group.Another 10 rats were selected for colon perfusion with equal volume of normal saline as the normal group.After treatment with matrine and colivelin,the body mass and disease activity index(DAI)of rats in each group were detected.The histopathological changes of colonic mucosa in rats were detected by hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining.The ultrastructural changes of colonic mucosa in rats were observed by transmission electron microscopy.The levels of interleukin-6(IL-6),C-reactive protein(CRP),and superoxide dismutase(SOD),malondialdehyde(MDA)in serum and colonic mucosa of rats in each group were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)and colorimetry,respectively.The expression of IL-6/STAT3 pathway-related proteins in rat colonic mucosa was detected by Western Blot.Results Compared with the normal group,the colonic mucosal tissue of rats in the model group had severe pathological damage and obvious ultrastructural damage,DAI,colonic mucosal histopathological score,serum and colonic mucosal tissue CRP,IL-6,MDA levels,and IL-6 protein expression and p-STAT3/STAT3 levels in colonic mucosal tissue were significantly increased(P＜0.05),and body mass,serum and colonic mucosal tissue SOD level were significantly decreased(P＜0.05).Compared with the model group,the pathological damage and ultrastructural damage of colonic mucosa in the low-and high-dose of matrine groups were alleviated,DAI,pathological score of colonic mucosa,CRP,IL-6,MDA levels in serum and colonic mucosa,IL-6 protein expression and p-STAT3/STAT3 ratio in colonic mucosa were decreased(P＜0.05),and body mass,SOD level in serum and colonic mucosa were increased(P＜0.05),in a dose-dependent manner.Compared with the matrine high-dose group,the pathological damage and ultrastructural damage of colonic mucosa in the matrine high-dose + colivelin group were aggravated,DAI,colonic mucosa histopathological score,serum and colonic mucosa CRP,IL-6,MDA levels,colonic mucosa IL-6 protein expression and p-STAT3/STAT3 ratio were increased(P＜0.05),body mass,serum and colonic mucosa SOD level were decreased(P＜0.05).Conclusion Matrine can reduce the level of inflammation and oxidative stress by preventing the activation of IL-6/STAT3 signal pathway,thereby reducing intestinal mucosal injury in IBD rats.

Objective To explore the correlation between sleep status and traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)constitution types of sub-healthy population in Lingnan area.Methods From May 2022 to May 2023,an investigation was carried out in a sub-healthy population of 688 persons who lived in Shenzhen for more than 5 years,had no serious cardiovascular disease and were confirmed by the sub-health rating scale.The questionnaire survey of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI)scale and the TCM constitution classification rating scale was conducted,and multiple linear regression analysis was performed to explore the correlation between the sleep status and TCM constitution types.Results(1)A total of 688 questionnaires were released,of which 19 were lost to follow-up,and 669 were responded.After weeding out the 29 invalid questionnaires,640 valid questionnaires were finally included for the analysis.(2)According to the PSQI score,the population was divided into excellent sleep group(total PSQI score＜8)of 350 cases and poor sleep group(total PSQI score≥8)of 290 cases.The item scores of time for falling asleep,sleep time and sleep disorder as well as the total PSQI score of the excellent sleep group were significantly lower than those of the poor sleep group(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).(3)The persons with excellent sleep usually had the balanced constitution(86.86%),while the persons with poor sleep often had the biased constitution(79.64%).The top three biased constitution types in the persons with poor sleep were damp-heat constitution(15.52%),phlegm-damp constitution(13.79%)and qi-stagnation constitution(13.10%).(4)Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the time for falling asleep was positively correlated with phlegm-damp constitution and qi-stagnation constitution(P＜0.01),and was negatively correlated with balanced constitution(P＜0.05);the sleep efficiency was positively correlated with damp-heat constitution and inherited special constitution(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01),and was negatively correlated with balanced constitution(P＜0.05);sleep disorder was positively correlated with qi-stagnation constitution and yin-deficiency constitution(P＜0.01);hypnotic drugs were positively correlated with yin-deficiency constitution(P＜0.01);daytime dysfunction was positively correlated with phlegm-damp constitution(P＜0.05).Conclusion The sleep status of sub-healthy population in Lingnan area has a certain correlation with TCM constitution types.Damp-heat constitution,phlegm-damp constitution,qi-stagnation constitution,yin-deficiency constitution,balanced constitution and inherited special constitution are the six constitution types that affect sleep status.It is of great significance to guide the sub-healthy population to achieve the purpose of prevention before illness by improving their constitution after the identification of TCM constitution types.