ObjectiveTo analyze the incidence and spatiotemporal distribution of typhus fever in Baoshan City, Yunnan Province from 2005 to 2023, to identify high-risk populations and regions, so as to provide a scientific basis for optimizing the allocation of local prevention and control resources and developing targeted intervention measures. MethodsData of typhus fever cases in Baoshan City from 2005 to 2023 were obtained from the Infectious Disease Information Management System of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention. Descriptive epidemiological methods were used to analyze the temporal, spatial and demographic distribution of typhus fever cases. Spatial clustering was assessed using spatial dynamic window scan statistics (circular and elliptical windows), flexible spatial scan statistics, and local spatial autocorrelation methods (including local Moran’s I, local Geary’s C, and Getis-Ord G_i*). Retrospective spatiotemporal scan statistics were employed to detect spatiotemporal clusters. ResultsA total of 1 099 typhus fever cases were reported in Baoshan City from 2005 to 2023. The incidence rate peaked at 6.31/ 100 000 in 2007, followed by a decline until reaching its lowest level at 0.21/100 000 in 2015 , and subsequently rebounded during 2016‒2023. The highest proportion of cases was among children under 10 years of age (31.12%), and the top three occupations of cases were farmers, students, and children, accounting for 88.62% of all cases. Cases occurred predominantly between June and September each year. The incidence was relatively high in Jiucheng Town (62.58/100 000), Yaoguan Town (57.15/100 000), and Dianyang Town (46.81/100 000) of Shidian County. Spatial clustering analyses indicated that high-risk areas were mainly located in the southern part of Baoshan City, showing a south-to-north trend. Spatiotemporal scan analyses identified five clusters, with the most likely cluster centered around Yaoguan Town, covering ten towns (subdistricts) during the period 2007‒2010. ConclusionThe incidence of typhus fever in Baoshan City exhibits a clear seasonal and spatial clustering pattern, with peak incidence occurring in summer and autumn. Spatially, cases are primarily distributed in the southern part of Baoshan City, and high-risk clusters exhibit a south-to-north trend. Farmers, students, and children are the high-risk groups.

Objective:To conduct a retrospective analysis of efficacy and safety of different conversion schemes of tacrolimus to slow-release dosage forms for recipients in stable phase after renal transplantation to provide rationales for the conversion strategy of tacrolimus.Methods:From January 2020 to June 2020, clinical data were reviewed for 101 kidney transplant recipients converting from common tacrolimus dosage form to tacrolimus sustained-release dosage form during postoperative stable period.There were 62 males and 49 females with an age range of 19 to 69 years.They were divided into two groups according to iso-dose and incremental-dose switching schemes.The common dosage form of tacrolimus was converted into a sustained-release dosage form with different conversion doses, They were divided into two groups of 1∶1 conversion( n=55)and >1∶1 conversion( n=46). The clinical parameters of serum creatinine(Scr), blood urea nitrogen(BUN), alanine aminotransferase(ALT)and aspartate aminotransferase(AST), alkaline phosphatase(ALP), serum albumin(ALB), white blood cell count(WBC), urinary white blood cell(UWBC), hemoglobin(Hb)and fasting blood glucose(Glu)were compared between two groups after conversion. Results:Regarding numerical change trend after switching to tacrolimus sustained-release dosage form, drug dose/variation trend was smaller and blood drug concentration more stabilized.In two subgroups converted by 1∶1 and 1>1 initial dose, change trend of dose/blood concentration in 1∶1 conversion group appeared to be more stable.However, no inter-group difference existed in long-term parameters.Scr was lower at 1 week and 3 months after switching to extended-release dosage form( P<0.05)and BUN was lower at 2 weeks( P<0.05). In addition, at 5 months after conversion, ALT and AST significantly improved as compared with common dosage form( P<0.05). Significant differences existed in urinary WBC(UWBC)at 2/3 weeks( P<0.05). After switching for 2 weeks, hemoglobin significantly improved compared with common dosage form( P<0.05). No significant differences existed in ALP, ALB or Glu at other timepoints and pre-conversion( P>0.05). In 1∶1 switch group, renal function tended to improve.At 2 weeks, BUN was lower than pre-conversion; at 1/3 weeks, Scr was lower than pre-conversion( P<0.05). In addition, there was also a trend of improvement in liver function in 1∶1 conversion group.At 1 week and 5 months, ALT was lower than pre-conversion( P<0.05). However, no significant differences existed in AST, ALB, ALP, Glu, UWBC and serum WBC count at each timepoint between two different dose conversion groups( P>0.05). After conversion, intra-individual variability of tacrolimus trough concentration significantly improved( P<0.05). Conclusions:With the same safety and efficacy as common dosage form, sustained-release dosage form of tacrolimus may improve drug variability of individuals.When converting common dosage form into sustained-release dosage form, individual differences should be considered.While monitoring trough concentrations, proper doses should be adjusted on the basis of various clinical parameters.

Objective:To investigate the preoperative ascending aorta diameter in patients with acute type A aortic dissection in the Chinese population, compares and analyze the differences in preoperative blood biomarkers, and evaluate the impact of the preoperative ascending aorta diameter in this part of patients on the short-term prognosis of patients.Methods:A collection of 641 patients with acute type A aortic dissection who were enrolled in the " Acute Aortic Syndrome High-Risk Early Warning and Intervention Study" project from January 2018 to January 2020 were collected. Divide the patients into two groups (group Ⅰ<55 mm, group Ⅱ≥55 mm) according to the preventive intervention value of ascending aorta diameter recommended by the guideline for studying preoperative ascending aorta diameter difference in blood biomarkers and the influence of ascending aorta diameter on the short-term prognosis of patients. All patients had CT scans to assess the diameter of the ascending aorta before operation.Results:In this study, all patients with acute type A aortic dissection had a mean preoperative ascending aorta diameter of (46.9±9.7)mm. The preoperative ascending aorta diameter of all patients was less than 55 mm, accounted for 84.1%. Male patients were more likely to have aortic dissection than females; most patients' age was less than 60 years old. The preoperative blood inflammatory index counts were higher in the ascending aorta diameter ≥55 mm group. However, the long-term prognosis of patients with different ascending aorta diameters before surgery was not apparent in this study. The preoperative survival rate and short-term survival rate of patients with ascending aorta diameter <55 mm were higher than those of other groups, but the difference was not statistically significant.Conclusion:In patients with acute type A aortic dissection, the diameter of the ascending aorta is usually less than 55 mm. Moreover, the blood inflammatory index counts are high in the preoperative ascending aorta diameter ≥55 mm group. Meanwhile, patients with smaller ascending aorta diameter have better survival rate and short-term prognosis.

Objective    To evaluate the preoperative risk factors for acute Stanford type A aortic dissection (ASTAAD) patients in our country by collecting multi-center data. Methods    We consecutively enrolled 700 patients who underwent surgery for ASTAAD in the multi-center hospital database from January 2018 to January 2020. According to the ascending aorta size (AAS), the patients were divided into two groups: a group AAS≥55 mm and a group AAS< 55 mm. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the related preoperative risk factors for the onset of ASTAAD. Results    According to the exclusion criteria, a total of 621 patients were finally enrolled, including 453 males and 168 females with an average age of 48.24±11.51 years, and 509 (81.94%) patients had AAS< 55 mm. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses showed that smoking, hypertension, preoperative cardiac troponin I, and left ventricular ejection fraction were related to the occurrence of ASTAAD. The mortality rate of the patient during hospitalization was 13.04% (81 patients). Conclusion    In clinical practice, various preoperative risk factors affect ASTAAD patients, which should be paid attention to. Comprehensive evaluation and an individualized analysis of patients and timely prevention and intervention improve patients' survival rate.

Objective:To summarize the experience of 15 cases of balloon endovascular occlusion assisted aortic replacement.Methods:15 patients who needed reoperation after aortic surgery underwent endovascular balloon occlusion assisted aortic replacement by DSA guidance in the hybrid OR. Main inclusion criteria: The target vessel to be blocked cannot be directly blocked. Based on the last CTA before the operation, the diameter of the target vessel was measured, and the appropriate diameter balloon and the appropriate diameter balloon and the amount of contrast agent were selected. The vascular approach was selected according to the CTA.During the operation, the balloon was filled and fixed well, the distal invasive blood pressure waveform showed advection, and the pressure close to hydrostatic pressure as the complete blocking standard.Results:All 15 cases of balloon endovascular occlusion assisted aortic surgery were successful. After the operation, 14 target vessels normally without damage, and there was no vascular complication. One case after surgical three-branch stent surgery underwent the second thoracoabdominal aortic replacement operation. After the stent was blocked by the balloon, the new tissue in the stent fell off, and the celiac trunk and superior mesenteric artery were embolized for reoperation.Conclusion:Balloon endovascular occlusion technology expands the indications of aortic surgery and simplifies the operation, that is a safe and effective occlusion method. Whether the target vessel is suitable for balloon occlusion should be judged before the operation to avoid related complications.