To formulate an expert consensus on the principles of preoperative hair removal and provide scientific guidance for standardized removal of hair before surgical procedures so as to reduce the incidence of surgical site infections.METHODS Led by the Hospital Management Institute of National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China,this consensus was reached with the joint efforts from the expects of relevant fields such as surgeries,interventional therapies,nursing,and infection prevention and control.The consensus facilitates the classification and evaluation of literatures by following the evidence grade formulated by Oxford Evidence-based Medicine Center and focuses on the association of preoperative hair removal with surgical site infection,it reaches the evidence grade of expert consensus and recommendation intensity by integrating with discussions on meetings and clinical experience of the expects from relevant fields.RESULTS A total of 6 items of consensus were reached by summarizing the latest evidence on the aspects including the indications for preoperative hair removal,tools,range,timing and places.CONCLUSION The consensus,to some extent,make supplements to and complete the exiting regulations and standards.It provides guidance for the medical institutions to carry out the preoperative hair removal.

To formulate an expert consensus on the principles of preoperative hair removal and provide scientific guidance for standardized removal of hair before surgical procedures so as to reduce the incidence of surgical site infections.METHODS Led by the Hospital Management Institute of National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China,this consensus was reached with the joint efforts from the expects of relevant fields such as surgeries,interventional therapies,nursing,and infection prevention and control.The consensus facilitates the classification and evaluation of literatures by following the evidence grade formulated by Oxford Evidence-based Medicine Center and focuses on the association of preoperative hair removal with surgical site infection,it reaches the evidence grade of expert consensus and recommendation intensity by integrating with discussions on meetings and clinical experience of the expects from relevant fields.RESULTS A total of 6 items of consensus were reached by summarizing the latest evidence on the aspects including the indications for preoperative hair removal,tools,range,timing and places.CONCLUSION The consensus,to some extent,make supplements to and complete the exiting regulations and standards.It provides guidance for the medical institutions to carry out the preoperative hair removal.

Globally, over 300 million surgeries are performed each year, and more than 50% of surgeries involve patients aged 65 and older. Aging poses significant challenges to perioperative brain health, as the deterioration of brain structure and function increases susceptibility to postoperative neurological complications. Protecting perioperative brain health remains a worldwide clinical challenge. With senescence, the brain undergoes a progressive decline in homeostasis across various molecular, cellular, and regional functions. Anesthetics and surgical stimuli may accelerate the disruption of brain homeostasis and exacerbate age-related neurodegeneration. This review provides a framework for understanding how anesthesia and surgery can affect brain health in the aging population and contribute to postoperative neurological complications, with a particular focus on perioperative neurocognitive disorder.

Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen（HBO）combined with infliximab in the treatment of ulcerative colitis and explore its possible action mechanism.Methods:A total of 50 patients with ulcerative colitis were randomly divided into treatment group（26 cases）and control group（24 cases）. The treatment group was given HBO combined with infliximab，while the control group was given infliximab alone. Both groups were treated for 30 weeks.Results:The comprehensive efficacy，infliximab response rate，and trough level of the maintenance period（from the 3rd to the 5th injection）in the treatment group were significantly higher than those of the control group with statistically significant differences，respectively［92.3% vs. 66.7%， P<0.05；92.3% vs. 66.7%， P<0.01；（1.32±0.26）μg/ml vs.（0.74±0.22）μg/ml， P<0.01］；and the treatment group could significantly improve the levels of CD4 + and CD4 +/CD8 +，reduce the levels of CD8 +，TNF-α，IL-6，and CRP（ P<0.05）. Conclusion:HBO combined with infliximab in the treatment of ulcerative colitis can significantly improve the response rate of infliximab and enhance the curative effect，which may be achieved by inhibiting the proliferation of T lymphocyte and reducing the release of inflammatory factors.

Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen（HBO）combined with infliximab in the treatment of ulcerative colitis and explore its possible action mechanism.Methods:A total of 50 patients with ulcerative colitis were randomly divided into treatment group（26 cases）and control group（24 cases）. The treatment group was given HBO combined with infliximab，while the control group was given infliximab alone. Both groups were treated for 30 weeks.Results:The comprehensive efficacy，infliximab response rate，and trough level of the maintenance period（from the 3rd to the 5th injection）in the treatment group were significantly higher than those of the control group with statistically significant differences，respectively［92.3% vs. 66.7%， P<0.05；92.3% vs. 66.7%， P<0.01；（1.32±0.26）μg/ml vs.（0.74±0.22）μg/ml， P<0.01］；and the treatment group could significantly improve the levels of CD4 + and CD4 +/CD8 +，reduce the levels of CD8 +，TNF-α，IL-6，and CRP（ P<0.05）. Conclusion:HBO combined with infliximab in the treatment of ulcerative colitis can significantly improve the response rate of infliximab and enhance the curative effect，which may be achieved by inhibiting the proliferation of T lymphocyte and reducing the release of inflammatory factors.

The identification and diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is of great significance in the treatment of COVID-19. Based on Diagnosis and Treatment Protocol for COVID-19 (Trial Version 5) issued on February 8, 2020 by the National Health Commission, there is no fungal pneumonia among the disease listed in the identification and diagnosis item. Thus, we reported a case of patient with AIDS associated with pneumocystis carinii severe pneumonia admitted to Shanghai Fourth People′s Hospital affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine in January, 2020, which was helpful in improving the identification and diagnosis of COVID-19.

During the epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), the infection of the elderly population will bring great challenges to clinical diagnosis and treatment, outcome and management.Combined with the characteristics of anesthesia and the pathophysiological characteristics of COVID-19 on lung function impairment in elderly patients, Chinese Society of Anesthesiology formulated the " Recommendations for anesthesia management and infection control in elderly patients with COVID-19″. This recommendation expounds preoperative visit and infection control, anesthesia management protocol, anesthesia monitoring, anesthesia induction/endotracheal intubation, anesthesia maintenance and infection control, intraoperative lung protection strategy, anti-stress and anti-inflammatory management, hemodynamic optimization, infection control during emergence from anesthesia, and postoperative analgesia in elderly patients with COVID-19, and provides the reference for the safe and effective implementation of anesthesia management in elderly patients during the prevention and control of COVID-19 epidemic.

Objective:To explore the effects and related mechanisms of curcumin and resveratrol on macrophages of colon tissues in ulcerative colitis (UC) mice.Methods:Sixty BALB/c mice were randomly and equally divided into CON group, DSS group, DSS+Cur group, DSS+Res group, Eve+Cur group and Eve+Res group. There were 10 mice in each group. CON group was the normal control group and received no treatment. UC model of mice was established by giving 3% dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) to drink freely for 7 days in other 5 groups. UC model of mice was simply established in DSS group. The gavage administrations of 0.4 ml curcumin and 0.4 ml resveratrol were performed every day in the mice of DSS+Cur group and DSS+Res group respectively after establishing the UC model. The gavage administration of 0.4 ml mTOR inhibitor Everolimus was performed in Eve+Cur group after 0.4 ml curcumin gavage administration and also was performed in Eve+Res group after 0.4 ml resveratrol gavage administration every day. The mice were sacrificed after 7 days of administration. The macrophages of colon tissues were isolated and cultured in each group. The general conditions of the mice were observed and the DAI score was evaluated. In order to examine the effects of curcumin and resveratrol on macrophages, CCK-8 method was used to detect the proliferation and flow cytometry was used to detect the apoptosis of macrophages. Fluorescence quantitative PCR and Western blot were used to detect the mRNA and protein expressions of the autophagy-related factors LC3, Beclin-1 and Atg12. ELISA was used to detect the level of the inflammatory factors IL-6 and TNF-α in culture supernatants of macrophages. In order to explore the associated mechanism, ELISA was used to detect the influence of mTOR inhibitor Everolimus on IL-6 and TNF-α, fluorescence quantitative PCR and Western blot were used to detect the expressions of SIRT1/mTOR pathway-related factors mTOR and SIRT1 mRNA and protein.Results:No death was observed in all of the mice. Compared with CON group, the proliferative activity of macrophages was significantly higher, and the apoptosis rate decreased significantly, the mRNA and protein expressions of Atg12, Beclin-1 and LC3 increased significantly in DSS Group, DSS+Cur group and DSS+Res group (all P<0.05) . Compared with DSS group, the proliferative activity was significantly lower, the apoptosis rate increased obviously, the mRNA and protein expressions of Atg12, Beclin-1 and LC3 decreased significantly in DSS+Cur group and DSS+Res group (all P<0.05) . Compared with CON group, the DAI scores increased, the mRNA and protein expressions of mTOR and SIRT1 decreased significantly, the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α increased significantly in DSS group, DSS+Cur group, DSS+Res group, Eve+Cur group and Eve+Res group (all P<0.05) . Compared with DSS group, the DAI scores decreased, the mRNA and protein expressions of mTOR and SIRT1 increased significantly, the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α decreased significantly in DSS+Cur group and DSS+Res group (all P<0.05) . Compared with DSS+Cur group and DSS+Res Group, the DAI scores increased significantly, the mRNA and protein expressions of mTOR and SIRT1 decreased significantly, the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α increased significantly in Eve+Cur group and Eve+Res group (all P<0.05) . Conclusion:Curcumin and resveratrol can inhibit the macrophages proliferation of colon tissues in UC mice, promote the apoptosis and inhibit the development of inflammation and autophagy, which may be regulated by SIRT1/mTOR pathway.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an intestinal injury caused by dysfunction of intestinal stem cells and differential cells, which was induced by abnormal inflammatory reaction. The intestinal epithelium is used to regenerate and repair the injuried intestinal mucosa. Hippo signaling pathway is a signal cascade system which is found in drosophila and mammallians in recent years. Transcription coactivators YAP and TAZ are downstream effectors of Hippo signaling pathway, which can regulate the expression of target genes, play key role in regulation of tissue homeostasis, regeneration and the control of the size of organs. The dysfunction of YAP and TAZ can induce the development of tumors. This article reviews the intestinal physiological process of Hippo signaling pathway in mammllians and the potiential mechanisms, in order to explore the future research direction of this pathway in IBD and the possible therapy strategies.