Amblyopia is a common visual development disorder and is the main cause of monocular vision impairment in children and adults. Photobiomodulation(PBM), a non-invasive treatment method, has gradually gained attention in the field of ophthalmology. This paper begins with the macroscopic manifestation of light on the animal model of amblyopia. Additionally, it discusses the pathological changes of the amblyopic retina and the human eye's central nervous system, as well as the influence and mechanism of PBM on the visual perception and processing system and its chemical effect on the visual system through dopamine and melatonin. It examines its mechanism of action, current clinical application status, and future development direction in order to provide new ideas and theoretical foundation for amblyopia treatment.

Objective To investigate the effects of menaquinone-4(MK4)on the activation and function of CD8+T cells.Methods An in vitro culture system for primary mouse CD8+T cells was established by isolating these cells from the spleen using CD8a T cell isolation kit.The isolated CD8+T cells were then incubated and activated in a 96-well plate coated with anti-CD3/CD28 antibodies.The impact of MK4 on the activation and cytokine secretion of CD8+T cells was explored by quantifying the expression levels of CD8+T cell activation receptors and cytokines using flow cytometry.Additionally,the concentrations of these cytokines in the culture supernatant were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The influence of MK4 on the anti-tumor function of CD8+T cells was evaluated by co-culturing colorectal cancer MC38 cells of mice with CD8+T cells at different ratios,and the effect of MK4 was assessed by detecting tumor cell apoptosis.Results High-purity primary CD8+T cells of mice(97.5％)were isolated using the magnetic bead,which could be activated by pre-coated CD3/CD28 antibodies and showed proliferation.Compared with the control group,the MK4-treated group exhibited increased expressions of CD25,CD69 and CD44 on CD8+T cells,as well as higher production and secretion levels of interleukin-2(IL-2),interferon-γ(IFN-γ),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and granzyme B.In addition,CD8+T cells in the MK4-treated group induced a higher percentage of tumor cell apoptosis(36.7％)compared with the control group(29.1％).Conclusion MK4 can enhance the activation of CD8+T cells and promote anti-tumor functions.

Standardized residency training is one of the important contents of modern clinical doctor training and it is ex-tremely important for improving the quality of clinician and medical treatment.Mentors play an important role in the standardized residency training programs,who guaranteed qualified and homogeneous training for the residents.Double-mentor system had been carried out in standardized residency programs of the First People's Hospital of Kunshan city,which appeared to be valuable assets for improving the comprehensive quality and professional level of residential training guidance and resident trainees,so as to help medical students transform from students to qualified and excellent clinical physicians after graduation.Double-mentor sys-tem can also improve the tutor's own teaching ability and the efficiency of training,it is valuable for improving the level of clini-cal medicine,expanding the teaching staff of dual tutors and the teaching quality of comprehensive hospitals,which has a two-way strategy of mutual learning between teaching and learning.However,this system still needs improvement,and there are some lim-itations that need further exploration.For examples,the selection criteria for mentors needs to be formulated and reviewed more reasonably,responsibility and quality control of mentors are not perfect,the guidance and quality control of resident trainees need to be strengthened,and standardized evaluation system needs to be established.

Standardized residency training is one of the important contents of modern clinical doctor training and it is ex-tremely important for improving the quality of clinician and medical treatment.Mentors play an important role in the standardized residency training programs,who guaranteed qualified and homogeneous training for the residents.Double-mentor system had been carried out in standardized residency programs of the First People's Hospital of Kunshan city,which appeared to be valuable assets for improving the comprehensive quality and professional level of residential training guidance and resident trainees,so as to help medical students transform from students to qualified and excellent clinical physicians after graduation.Double-mentor sys-tem can also improve the tutor's own teaching ability and the efficiency of training,it is valuable for improving the level of clini-cal medicine,expanding the teaching staff of dual tutors and the teaching quality of comprehensive hospitals,which has a two-way strategy of mutual learning between teaching and learning.However,this system still needs improvement,and there are some lim-itations that need further exploration.For examples,the selection criteria for mentors needs to be formulated and reviewed more reasonably,responsibility and quality control of mentors are not perfect,the guidance and quality control of resident trainees need to be strengthened,and standardized evaluation system needs to be established.

ObjectiveTo explore the protective effect of modified Shengmaisan on cardiac function in elderly patients with myocardial infarction based on the nuclear factor-κB/induction nitric oxide synthase/nitric oxide （NF-κB/iNOS/NO） signaling pathway. MethodA total of 136 elderly patients with myocardial infarction treated in Qinghai Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from december 2019 to december 2021 were included. They were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group， with 68 cases in each group. The control group was treated with conventional western medicine， and the observation group was treated with conventional western medicine + modified Shengmaisan. Both groups were treated with percutaneous coronary intervention for revascularization. The indexes related to cardiac function and levels of serum interleukin-6 （IL-6）， tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， and matrix metalloproteinase-9 （MMP-9） were analyzed and compared between the two groups. The echocardiographic index， cardiac function classification， changes in the NF-κB/iNOS/NO signaling pathway， oxidative stress indexes， and major adverse cardiovascular events （MACE） of the two groups were compared. ResultCompared with those before treatment， the levels of N-terminal B-type natriuretic peptide （NT-pro BNP）， serum inflammatory indexes， left ventricular end systolic volume （LVESV）， left ventricular end diastolic volume （LVEDV）， NO， iNOS， NF-κB p65， and methane dicarboxylic aldehyde （MDA） were significantly reduced （P<0.05，P<0.01）， and the left ventricular ejection fraction （LVEF） and superoxide dismutase (SOD） were significantly increased （P<0.05）. After treatment， as compared with the control group， the levels of NT-pro BNP， serum inflammatory indexes， LVESV， LVEDV， NO， iNOS， NF-κB p65， and MDA in the observation group were significantly reduced （P<0.05）， and those of LVEF and SOD were significantly increased （P<0.05）. There was no significant difference in the New York Heart Association (NYHA) cardiac function classification between two groups. The incidence of MACE in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group （P<0.05）. ConclusionModified Shengmaisan can significantly reduce NT-pro BNP and levels of serum inflammatory indexes in elderly patients with myocardial infarction， improve echocardiographic indexes， regulate the NF-κB/iNOS/NO signaling pathway， and reduce the oxidative stress index and the incidence of MACE， which has a good protective effect on cardiac function.

Objective:To analyze the short and mid-term efficacy of aortic valvuloplasty with autopericardium on children with aortic valve diseases.Methods:A total of 26 children with aortic valve diseases (stenosis or regurgitation) who underwent aortic valvuloplasty with autopericardium in Fuwai Central China Cardiovascular Hospital from September 2017 to June 2021 were retrospectively analyzed.The short-term and mid-term follow-up data were collected.The maximum aortic valve pressure gradient, subaortic regurgitation area, left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) were compared before and after operation.Paired t test was used to analyze the short-term and mid-term efficacy of aortic valvuloplasty with autopericardium on children with aortic valve diseases. Results:All 26 cases were successfully operated, and there were no deaths and serious complications during the follow-up period of (22.96±6.45) months.There was a significant difference between the preoperative and postoperative maximum aortic valve pressure gradient at 1 month ( t=7.85, P<0.05), 6 months ( t=6.43, P<0.05), 1 year ( t=6.16, P<0.05) and 2 years postoperatively ( t=4.22, P<0.05) in children with aortic stenosis or that combined with mild-to-moderate closure.The follow-up data of 9 children with simple aortic stenosis showed that there was a significant difference between the preoperative (8.87±3.57) cm 2 and postoperative aortic regurgitation area at 1 month ( t=6.85, P<0.05), 6 months ( t=5.13, P<0.05), 1 year ( t=6.62, P<0.05) and 2 years postoperatively ( t=5.41, P<0.05). The LVEDV of 26 children was significantly lower at 6 months[(63.54±27.61) mL], 1 year [(53.61±20.20) mL] and 2 years postoperatively [(64.39±17.78) mL] compared with that of preoperative level[(89.42±45.89) mL]( t=3.89, 4.67, 3.58, all P<0.05). The left ventricular pressure and volume decreased, the enlarged heart was narrowed down, and the geometry of the heart was restored.The LVEF of 26 patients also from (61.65±9.67)% before surgery increased to (67.88±4.69)% 6 months after surgery( t=3.68, P<0.05), and increased to (68.62±4.46)% 1 year after surgery( t=4.01, P<0.05), and increased to (67.55±3.09)% 2 years after operation( t=3.01, P<0.05), and the heart function was improved. Conclusions:Aortic valvuloplasty with autopericardium presents an effective short and mid-term efficacy on children with aortic valve diseases, which prevents or delays the aortic valve replacement.

Antibodies, Antiphospholipid ; Antiphospholipid Syndrome ; Female ; Humans ; Killer Cells, Natural ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications

Circular RNA is a class of non-coding RNAs, which are covalently closed and circular at both ends, showing dissimilar characteristics from linear RNA. Several studies have shown that circular RNAs play an important role in the occurrence and development of primary hepatic cancer. By combining with the latest research progress of this field at home and abroad, we summarized the mechanism regulating the occurrence and development of liver cancer, abnormal expression, and as potential molecular markers for disease diagnosis and treatment.

Objective To analyze the influence of different factors and their relating correlation results on platelet transfusion during the bone marrow empty window period on the patients who have undergone allogeneic peripheral blood stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) with retrospective analysis of case-control data.Methods Clinical data of 153 cases were collected by the clinical blood management and evaluation information system with discharge diagnosis of allo-HSCT in the hematology department of The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University within a time frame from January 2014 to December 2016.A total of 90 cases were considered valid for retrospective analysis according to the case exclusion criteria.The average transfusion dose for patients with allo-HSCT during the bone marrow empty window period was defined as the threshold value which divided the 90 cases into the observation group of 38 cases receiving more than 6 Units of platelet transfusion and the control group of 52 cases with less than 6Units of platelet transfusion.The amount of platelets transfused during the bone marrow empty window period,clinical indexes include Hb,ANC,Plt,SF before pretreatment,platelet engraftment time and the number of mononuclear cells implanted were compared and analyzed by Logistic regression.Results (1) There was no significant difference between the two groups in gender,age,primary diagnosis,HLA matching,Hb before pretreatment and the number of mononuclear cells implanted (P＞0.05).The ANC(×109/L) (1.24±0.57 vs 3.36±1.33) and Plt(×109/L) (43.55±68.29 vs 126.62±84.73) counts before pretreatment in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P＜0.05).SF(μg/L) (2351.05 ± 1 587.96 vs 1 000.96± 362.97)before pretreatment and P LT recovery time (d) (16.84± 2.47 vs 12.73 ± 1.65)was significantly higher than that in the control group(P＜0.05).Donor-recipient ABO blood group typing incompatibility (15 vs 10) was significantly higher than the control group (P＜0.05);(2) Single factor Logistic regression analysis showed that ABO blood group matching,clinical indexes include ANC,Plt,SF before pretreatment,PLT recovery time were statistically significant,Only ANC before pretreatment and PLT recovery time had significant effect on the platelet transfusion during bone marrow empty window period in patients with allo-HSCT in multivariate Logistic regression analysis(P＜0.05).Condusion The ANC before pretreatment and PLT recovery time are independent factors for platelet transfusion of the bone marrow empty window period in patients with allo-HSCT.The PLT recovery time is an independent risk factor,which indicates that the longer the duration of PLT implantation,the greater the amount of platelet transfusion will be needed.Besides,the ANC before pretreatment is the independent protective factor,which indicates that the greater the ANC,the smaller the amount of platelet transfusion is required.