Objective To compare the contents of alkaloid in Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix with different degrees of processing and their effects on electrocardiogram and vagus nerve action potential in SD rats;To establish a toxicity evaluation method for Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix and its processed products.Methods HPLC was used to determine the contents of six alkaloid components,including benzoyl neoaconitine,benzoyl aconitine,benzoyl subeaconitine,neoaconitine,subeaconitine and aconitine in Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix and Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix Cocta of soaking and boiled for 30 minutes,boiled for 4 h without soaking,soaking and boiled for 4 h,and soaking and boiled for 8 h.SD rats were subjected to sublingual drainage with Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix and four types of processed products.The vagus nerve action potential and electrocardiogram of rats before and after administration were recorded,and the correlation analysis between alkaloid content and vagus nerve action potential and heart rate was conducted.Results The contents of alkaloid of the four processed products showed that the content of diester alkaloids was soaking and boiled for 30 min>boiled for 4 h without soaking>soaking and boiled for 4 h>soaking and boiled for 8 h;monoester alkaloid content:boiled for 4 h without soaking>soaking and boiled for 30 min>soaking and boiled for 4 h>soaking and boiled for 8 h.After the administration of each sample,compared with the basal discharge,the vagus nerve discharge of rats with different processed products was changed by sublingual administration,heart rate increased,the degree of arrhythmia increased,and it varied with the degree of processing;the results of correlation analysis showed that there was a significant correlation between the nerve discharge area and the contents of diester alkaloids and total alkaloids.Conclusion The action potential of the vagus nerve and electrocardiogram of rats after sublingual drainage administration can reflect the degree of numbness in the tongue,which can provide reference for the study of tongue sensation of Aconiti Kusnezoffii Radix.

The pre-research of medical device standards is of great significance for the enactment and amendment of standards.This study discusses four aspects and explores how to promote more scientific and reasonable pre-research.Based on the pre-research practice of medical device standards project,this study puts forward relevant work ideas and suggestions.

Yersinia pestis phage is a virus that is parasitic within Yersinia pestis and can specifically lyses Yersinia pestis. The adsorption sites of phage infesting host bacteria are called receptor binding protein (RBP), including extracellular membrane protein, lipopolysaccharide, teichoteic acid, pili, flagella, capsular polysaccharide, etc., of which extracellular membrane protein and lipopolysaccharide are the receptors of Yersinia pestis phage. RBP plays a decisive role in the process of Yersinia pestis phage infecting Yersinia pestis. Therefore, the classification, isolation and application of Yersinia pestis phage are summarized; the research progress in identification and structure of Yersinia pestis phage receptor is analyzed, which is helpful in understanding the cleavage mechanism of Yersinia pestis phage and the interaction mode with Yersinia pestis from the molecular level, and provide more powerful support for in-depth study on Yersinia pestis phage receptor.

Objective To analyze the clinical characteristics and genotype of a patient with congenital systemic lip-odystrophy(CGL)type 1 associated with exudative xanthoma caused by AGPAT2 gene mutation,and to provide ev-idence for clinical and genetic diagnosis of the disease.Methods Clinical data of the patient such as medical histo-ry,physical examination and laboratory examination were collected.Peripheral venous blood was collected for whole exome sequencing analysis and Sanger sequencing verification,and treatment was provided to patients according to the changes of condition.Results The clinical manifestations of the patient were subcutaneous fat reduction,fatty liver,spleen enlargement,kidney enlargement,high blood sugar and lipids,severe insulin resistance,scattered yellow rash on limbs,which was confirmed as xanthoma.The results of whole exon sequencing showed that the AGPAT2 gene of the patient had a heterozygous nonsense mutation of c.202C＞T:p.R68?and c.646A＞T:p.K216?,and the former was the pathogenic mutation site.Follow-up therapy covers improvement of lifestyle,low-fat diet and regular exercise.The rashes subsided after active lipid-lowering therapy.Conclusions Apart from typical lipody-strophy,the patient was accompanied by exanthemous xanthoma.No CGL1 patient with exanthemous xanthoma has been reported in the domestic literature database up to now,and the genetic test results showed that there was a c.202C＞T heterozygous mutation of AGPAT2 gene.This gene site has not been reported in the literature,and its functional verification needs to be further studied.

Objective:To investigate the effect of thoracic X-ray irradiation on the spermatogenesis of adult male mice.Methods:A total of 24 healthy adult male C57BL/6 mice (6-8 weeks old) were randomly divided into radiation group (Radiation) and sham-radiation group (Sham), 12 mice in each group. The area of thoracic irradiation was 1.5 cm× 2 cm, and the dose rate was 3.04 Gy/min, 8 Gy/d for 3 consecutive days, 24 Gy in total. At 7 d and 21 d after thoracic irradiation, the bilateral testes and epididymal tails were stripped and the testicular index was calculated. The morphology of testis was examined by haematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, then the diameter of seminiferous tubules and the thickness of seminiferous epithelium were measured. The sperms were collected from the bilateral epididymal tails for sperm counting. The level of apoptosis in testis and levels of apoptosis-related proteins were detected by TUNEL and Western blot, respectively.Results:Compared with Sham group, the morphology of testis and epididymis was seriously damaged, the diameter of seminiferous tubules significantly decreased at 21 d after irradiation ( t = 8.93, P < 0.05), and the seminiferous epithelium significantly decreased at 7 d and 21 d after irradiation ( t = 4.24, 12.77, P < 0.05). In addition, the number of sperms significantly decreased ( t = 4.30, 2.98, P < 0.05). The number of TUNEL positive cells in the seminiferous epithelium significantly increased at 7 d and 21 d after irradiation ( t = -2.73, -3.74, P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the level of cleaved Caspase-3 protein significantly increased at 7 d and 21 d after irradiation ( t = -2.96, -2.46, P < 0.05). The concentrations of SCF and GDNF did not change at 7 d after irradiation, but were significantly increased at 21 d after irradiation ( t = -10.46, -5.42, P < 0.05). Conclusions:The thoracic X-ray irradiation could lead to spermatogenesis disorder in male adult mice, and the induction of spermatogenic cell apoptosis and the secretory dysfunction of sertoli cells may be involved.

【Objective】 Tostudy the effect of sex-differentiated human IgG samples on Dendritic cells (DC) secretion of inflammation-related factors and explore the effect of residual sex hormones in IgG products (such as IVIg) on the secretion of IL-6 by DC. 【Methods】 According to the standard IVIg production process, the company was entrustedto prepare sex-differentiated plasma purified IgG samples, and two sex-differentiated IgG samples with different sex ratios (male to female ratio1: 0, 0: 1) were obtained. The samples and referenceswere treated with human DC (induced by THP-1 cells) respectively. After 24 h of culture, the chemokines (CCL2, CCL3, CCL4), adhesion molecule (ICAM-1) and inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p70, IFN-) in the cell supernatant were detected, The effects of different samples on the secretion of inflammation-related factors by DC were compared. The effect of sex hormone residues on the anti-inflammatory ability of IgG products was preliminarily explored uing sex hormones and sex hormone receptor blockers. 【Results】 The samples in each group significantly inhibitedthe secretion of chemokines (CCL2, CCL3, CCL4) and the adhesion molecule (ICAM-1) by mature DC (compared with the PBS group, P<0.05), but significantly promoted the secretion of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1a/b, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p70), compared with the PBS group(P<0.05). The results of sex hormone residues showed that therewere residues of estradiol (E2) and testosterone (TSTO) in sex-differentiated IgG samples and IVIg products. The experimental results of IVIg and sex hormone/sex hormone receptor blockers showed that residual E2 may promote the secretion of IL-6 by DC, which may be achieved through the E2 receptor ERb. 【Conclusion】 There are differences in the effect of IgG samples prepared from combined plasma with different sex ratios on the secretion of cytokines by DC, which may be related to the residual E2 in the products. The residual sex hormones in IVIg may promote the production and secretion of IL-6 through the sex hormone receptor ERb expressed in DC, and TSTO may have a collaboration effect to enhance the secretion-promoting effect of IL-6 by E2. This study provides a theoretical basis for whether sex hormone residues need to be considered in the quality control indicators of IVIg products.

Objective:To analyze the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with tsutsugamushi disease in Hainan Province, so as to provide basis for diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control of the disease.Methods:Clinical data of 93 patients with tsutsugamushi disease in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University from January 2018 to December 2019 were collected. Epidemiological data, clinical manifestations, examination results, treatment and outcome of the patients were retrospectively analyzed.Results:Of totally 93 patients with tsutsugamushi disease, 48 were male and 45 were female, with an average age of 50.73 years old. The peak time of onset was from June to October, with 46 cases (49.46%). Seventy cases (75.27%) were farmers, and 84 cases (90.32%) had a clear history of field work or grassland contact before onset. The clinical manifestations were fever (93/93, 100.00%), eschar or ulcer (42/93, 45.16%), headache (65/93, 69.89%), chills (60/93, 64.52%), rash (35/93, 37.63%), lymphadenopathy (51/93, 54.84%) and fatigue (40/93, 43.01%). Laboratory examination results: eosinophil reduced (74/93, 79.57%), platelet reduced (32/93, 34.41%); alanine aminotransferase, C reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were increased in 81.72% (76/93), 97.85% (91/93), 20.43% (19/93) and 72.04% (67/93) of the patients, respectively. Eighty-four cases (90.32%) had abnormal results of chest imaging. All patients were cured by doxycycline.Conclusions:Tsutsugamushi disease is prevalent in summer and autumn in Hainan. It has various clinical manifestations. Doxycycline is an effective treatment drug. It is suggested that the relevant departments should strengthen the training of clinical diagnosis and treatment of tsutsugamushi disease by local clinicians to reduce the misdiagnosis rate.

Objective To investigate the changes of mitochondrial unfolded protein response in epileptic hippocampal neurons induced by Mg2+-free solution and the effects of mitochondrial autophagy inhibitors Mdivi-1.Methods Epilepsy model was induced in primary cultured hippocampal neurons of SD rats in vitro by Mg2+-free solution,and further treated with mitochondrial autophagy inhibitor Mdivi-1.Mitochondrial ROS production were detected by MitoSox.The mitochondrial membrane potential was detected by Rhodamine123.The expression of C/EBP homologous protein CHOP,mitochondrial heat shock protein HSP60,mitochondrial protease ClpP,CytC release and caspase-3 activation were detected by Western blotting.Results (1)Compared with the control group,the expression of CHOP,HSP60 and ClpP in the AE group was significantly increased.Compared with the AE group,Mdivi-1 pretreatment enhanced the expression of CHOP,HSP60 and ClpP.(2)Compared with the control group,the production of ROS in the AE group increased,and the mitochondrial menmbrane potential decreased.Compared with the AE group,Mdivi-1 pretreatment significantly decreased the production of mitochondrial ROS and increased the mitochondrial membrane potential.(3)Compared with the control group,the release of CytC and the activation of caspase-3 in the AE group increased.Compared with the AE group,Mdivi-1 pretreatment decreased the release of CytC and caspase-3 activation.Conclusion Mitochondrial unfolded protein response is activated in epileptic hippocampal neurons,while inhibition of mitochondrial autophagy may play a protective role via enhancing mitochondrial unfolded protein response.

Objective:To investigate the clinical manifestation and management strategy of intraparotid facial nerve schwannoma.Methods:The clinical data of 12 patients with parotid schwannoma treated in Henan Cancer Hospital from January 2009 to January 2019 were analyzed retrospectively, including 5 males and 7 females, aged from 23 to 72 years. All the 12 patients complained of a mass in the parotid region, of whom 4 patients had local discomfort and pain, and 6 patients had varying degrees of pain during palpation. Ultrasound examination showed solid mass in parotid region in 8 cases and mixed mass in 4 cases. The treatment methods, the relationship between tumor and facial nerve, the modes of treatments and the nerve functions before and after operation were analyzed and summarized with House-Brackmann grade.Results:All 12 patients received surgical treatment: 8 patients underwent tumor resection plus partial or total superficial parotidectomy, 1 patient underwent tumor resection and total parotidectomy, and 3 patients underwent tumor resection, with 1 patient in whom tumor could not be removed completely due to tumor extention to the skull base. In 9 cases, the tumor occurred in the trunk or main branch of the facial nerve, and there was no facial nerve injury occurred after surgery; in 1 case, the tumor occurred in the terminal branch of the facial nerve, and part of the severe small branches of adhesion were cut off during the operation; in 1 case, the total trunk of the facial nerve was not found and the broken end of the nerve could not be found during the operation, so the nerve transplantation was not performed. In 1 case, nerve grafting was performed after nerve transection because it was impossible to separate the trunk of the facial nerve from the tumor during the operation. Preoperatively, House-Brackmann grade (H-B)Ⅰfacial nerve function was shown in 10 patients, H-BⅡ in 1 patient and H-B Ⅴin 1 patient. Postoperatively, the facial nerve function recovered to H-B Ⅰfor 7 patients, H-B Ⅱfor 2 patients, H-B Ⅲ for 1 patient, grade Ⅳ for 1 patient with nerve transplantation, and H-B Ⅴfor 1 patient with a revised surgery due to tumor recurrence.Conclusions:The intraparotid facial nerve schwannoma is rare, and it is easy to be misdiagnosed before operation. Surgery is a main treatment for intraparotid facial nerve schwannoma. Attention should be paid to the protection of facial nerve during operation.

Objective: To investigate the role of body fat ratio in the evaluation of obstructive sleep apnea(OSA). Methods: A retrospective analysis was made on 174 cases (between November, 2017 and April, 2018 showed that) of sleep monitoring in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology in Peking University Third Hospital. The data included the gender, age, body fat rate, body mass index (BMI), neck circumference, and apnea-hypopnea index (AHI). The above data were analyzed by non parametric correlation analysis, receiver operating characterristic (ROC) curve analysis and multiple factor Logistic regression analysis to study the relationship between the gender,age,body fat rate,BMI,neck circumference and other indexes of the patients with AHI. Results: Nonparametric correlation analysis showed that the correlation from strong to weak to AHI among women was BMI (r=0.621, P<0.001),body fat rate (r=0.602, P<0.001), age (r=0.570, P<0.001), neck circumference (r=0.402, P=0.014), respectively. BMI (r=0.599, P<0.001), neck circumference (r=0.493, P<0.001), body fat rate (r=0.318, P<0.001), and age (r=0.256, P=0.003) among men. ROC curve analysis showed that the strong to weak index (area under curve,AUC) of the AHI>15/h among women was the body fat rate (AUC=0.884, P=0.001), BMI(AUC=0.810, P=0.008), neck circumference (AUC=0.759, P=0.027), age (AUC=0.750, P=0.033), and the male was BMI (AUC=0.765,P<0.001), neck circumference (AUC=0.720, P<0.001), age (AUC=0.634, P=0.008), and body fat rate (AUC=0.632, P=0.010), respectively. Multifactor Logistic regression analysis showed that the body fat rate (OR=1.704,95%CI=1.012-2.870) in women was an independent risk factor for AHI greater than 15/h; the age of male (OR=1. 044, 95%CI=1.005-1.085) and BMI (OR=1.285, 95%CI=1.056-1.562) were independent risk factors for AHI greater than 15/h. Conclusion Body fat rate can be used as a new indicator for predicting the severity of OSA,especially in adult female population. In adult female moderate to severe OSA patients (AHI>15/h), compared with BMI,neck circumference and age,the body fat rate has the greatest correlation with AHI. Compared with BMI,neck circumference and age,the body fat rate has a decisive role in predicting moderate to severe OSA (AHI>15/h).