Childhood simple obesity has become a significant public health issue in China. Modern medicine primarily relies on lifestyle interventions and often suffers from poor long-term compliance， while pharmacological options are limited and associated with potential adverse effects. Traditional Chinese Medicine （TCM） has a long history in the prevention and management of this condition， demonstrating eight distinct advantages， including systematic theoretical foundation， diversified therapeutic approaches， definite therapeutic efficacy， high safety profile， good patient compliance， comprehensive intervention strategies， emphasis on prevention， and stepwise treatment protocols. Additionally， TCM is characterized by six distinctive features： the use of natural medicinal substances， non-invasive external therapies， integration of medicinal dietetics， simple exercise regimens， precise syndrome differentiation， and diverse dosage forms. By combining internal and external treatments， TCM facilitates individualized regimen adjustment and holistic regulation， demonstrating remarkable effects in improving obesity-related metabolic indicators， regulating constitutional imbalance， and promoting healthy behaviors. However， challenges remain， such as inconsistent operational standards， insufficient high-quality clinical evidence， and a gap between basic research and clinical application. Future efforts should focus on accelerating the standardization of TCM diagnosis and treatment， conducting multicenter randomized controlled trials， and fostering interdisciplinary integration， so as to enhance the scientific validity and international recognition of TCM in the prevention and treatment of childhood obesity.

ObjectiveTo screen a set of short tandem repeat (STR) markers covering rat chromosomes 1-20 and the X chromosome, with 2-4 markers on each chromosome, and establish a dedicated marker panel for genetic contamination detection and strain identification of 5 commonly used inbred rat strains. MethodsSix 6-8 week-old rats (half male and half female) were selected from F344, BN, DA, Lewis, and PVG strain, respectively. Genomic DNA was extracted from rat tail tissues. A total of 61 STR markers were selected, including 27 from the national standard GB 14923—2022 and 34 from the literature. Singleplex STR PCR amplification combined with capillary electrophoresis was used for genotyping of the 5 inbred rat strains, and genotype data were analyzed using GeneMapper ID v3.2 software. Based on the STR genotyping results, genetic distances between strains were calculated with GenAlEx 6.51b2 software, and a phylogenetic tree of the inbred rat strains was constructed using MEGA7 software. ResultsAmong the 61 STR markers, non-specific amplification was observed for D15mit3, while no specific amplification product was obtained for D3wox7. LCA, AGT, and D5Hmgc2 exhibited no inter-strain polymorphism across the 5 inbred strains, while the remaining 56 markers exhibited inter-strain polymorphism. These 56 markers covered rat chromosomes 1-20 and the X chromosome (2-4 markers per chromosome). Among them, 42 markers could be used for genetic contamination detection in inbred rat strains. The amplified product lengths of D7wox14, D15rat123, and D20wox3 differed among the 5 strains, which could be applied for strain identification. The phylogenetic tree showed that the number of STR allelic differences between BN and F344 strains was 49, with a genetic distance of 1.775, both of which were the highest among all strain pairs. This indicated that the two strains exhibited the highest level of genetic differentiation and were the most distantly related. Among the 5 strains, F344, DA, and PVG clustered together, indicating their relatively close genetic distance, while BN and Lewis formed another cluster, indicating a relatively close genetic distance between them. The genetic relationships among the 5 strains were consistent with previous reports. ConclusionThis study successfully screened a set of STR markers for molecular genetic detection of 5 commonly used inbred rat strains, including F344, BN, DA, Lewis, and PVG, and established specific marker combinations for genetic contamination detection and strain identification, respectively.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the expression levels of peripheral blood long non-coding RNA nuclear-enriched abundant transcript 1(lncRNA NEAT1),Toll-like receptor 2(TLR2)and nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB)in pa-tients with acute respiratory tract infection and their relationship with helper T cell(Th)1/Th2 imbalance.METHODS The clinical data of 120 patients with emergency respiratory tract infection admitted to Changzhou Sec-ond People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University between Jan.2022 and Jan.2024 were retrospec-tively analyzed,the patients were set as study group(n=120),and 70 healthy volunteers who came to the hospi-tal for physical examination during the same period were served as healthy group(n=70).The levels of lncRNA NEAT1,TLR2 mRNA,NF-κB mRNA,CD4+Th1,CD4+Th2 and Th1/Th2 in peripheral blood,and expression levels of Th1/Th2 cell immune homeostasis-associated factors[interferon-γ(IFN-γ),interleukin-4(IL-4)and IFN-γ/IL-4]were compared between the two groups of subjects,Pearson correlation analysis was applied to ex-plore the correlation between the levels of peripheral blood lncRNA NEAT1,TLR2 mRNA and NF-κB mRNA and Th1/Th2 balance and its cellular immune homeostasis-associated cytokines in patients with emergency respira-tory tract infection,and receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to analyze the predictive efficiency of peripheral blood lncRNA NEAT1,TLR2 mRNA,NF-κB mRNA,Th1/Th2 and IFN-γ/IL-4 for acute respira-tory tract infection.RESULTS The pathogens detected in the study group were predominantly Streptococcus pneu-moniae(30.30％).The levels of peripheral blood lncRNA NEAT1,TLR2 mRNA,NF-κB mRNA,CD4+Th2 and IL-4 in study group were(1.64±0.40),(0.85±0.21),(0.69±0.15),(8.82±2.40)×10-2 and(25.48±6.77)pg/ml,a little higher than those in healthy group,while the levels of CD4+Th1,Th1/Th2,IFN-γ and IFN-γ/IL-4 were(6.87±2.05)×10-2,(0.86±0.45),(52.67±11.89)pg/ml and(2.25±0.94),lower than those in the healthy group(all P＜0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed that the peripheral blood lncRNA NEAT1,TLR2 mRNA and NF-κB mRNA of subjects with acute respiratory tract infection were negatively corre-lated with Th1/Th2(r=-0.445,-0.316,-0.337,all P＜0.05)and IFN-γ/IL-4(r=-0.454,-0.308,-0.375,all P＜0.05).ROC curve results showed that peripheral blood lncRNA NEAT1,TLR2 mRNA,NF-κB mRNA,Th1/Th2 and IFN-γ/IL-4 had high diagnostic efficiency for respiratory tract infection[the area under the curve(AUG)=0.887,0.924,0.934,0.935 and 0.957 respectively,all P＜0.05].CONCLUSION Peripheral blood lncRNA NEAT1,TLR2 mRNA,NF-κB mRNA,Th1/Th2 and IFN-γ/IL-4 levels have high diagnostic val-ue for acute respiratory tract infection,and lncRNA NEAT1 levels are closely related to TLR2 mRNA,NF-κB mRNA,Th1/Th2 and IFN-γ/IL-4 levels.

OBJECTIVE To analyze the expression levels of peripheral blood long non-coding RNA nuclear-enriched abundant transcript 1(lncRNA NEAT1),Toll-like receptor 2(TLR2)and nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB)in pa-tients with acute respiratory tract infection and their relationship with helper T cell(Th)1/Th2 imbalance.METHODS The clinical data of 120 patients with emergency respiratory tract infection admitted to Changzhou Sec-ond People's Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University between Jan.2022 and Jan.2024 were retrospec-tively analyzed,the patients were set as study group(n=120),and 70 healthy volunteers who came to the hospi-tal for physical examination during the same period were served as healthy group(n=70).The levels of lncRNA NEAT1,TLR2 mRNA,NF-κB mRNA,CD4+Th1,CD4+Th2 and Th1/Th2 in peripheral blood,and expression levels of Th1/Th2 cell immune homeostasis-associated factors[interferon-γ(IFN-γ),interleukin-4(IL-4)and IFN-γ/IL-4]were compared between the two groups of subjects,Pearson correlation analysis was applied to ex-plore the correlation between the levels of peripheral blood lncRNA NEAT1,TLR2 mRNA and NF-κB mRNA and Th1/Th2 balance and its cellular immune homeostasis-associated cytokines in patients with emergency respira-tory tract infection,and receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to analyze the predictive efficiency of peripheral blood lncRNA NEAT1,TLR2 mRNA,NF-κB mRNA,Th1/Th2 and IFN-γ/IL-4 for acute respira-tory tract infection.RESULTS The pathogens detected in the study group were predominantly Streptococcus pneu-moniae(30.30％).The levels of peripheral blood lncRNA NEAT1,TLR2 mRNA,NF-κB mRNA,CD4+Th2 and IL-4 in study group were(1.64±0.40),(0.85±0.21),(0.69±0.15),(8.82±2.40)×10-2 and(25.48±6.77)pg/ml,a little higher than those in healthy group,while the levels of CD4+Th1,Th1/Th2,IFN-γ and IFN-γ/IL-4 were(6.87±2.05)×10-2,(0.86±0.45),(52.67±11.89)pg/ml and(2.25±0.94),lower than those in the healthy group(all P＜0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed that the peripheral blood lncRNA NEAT1,TLR2 mRNA and NF-κB mRNA of subjects with acute respiratory tract infection were negatively corre-lated with Th1/Th2(r=-0.445,-0.316,-0.337,all P＜0.05)and IFN-γ/IL-4(r=-0.454,-0.308,-0.375,all P＜0.05).ROC curve results showed that peripheral blood lncRNA NEAT1,TLR2 mRNA,NF-κB mRNA,Th1/Th2 and IFN-γ/IL-4 had high diagnostic efficiency for respiratory tract infection[the area under the curve(AUG)=0.887,0.924,0.934,0.935 and 0.957 respectively,all P＜0.05].CONCLUSION Peripheral blood lncRNA NEAT1,TLR2 mRNA,NF-κB mRNA,Th1/Th2 and IFN-γ/IL-4 levels have high diagnostic val-ue for acute respiratory tract infection,and lncRNA NEAT1 levels are closely related to TLR2 mRNA,NF-κB mRNA,Th1/Th2 and IFN-γ/IL-4 levels.

Objective:To summarize the current application status of sarcopenia screening tools among community-dwelling older adults and explore the suitability of various tools in different contexts.Methods:A comprehensive search was conducted in China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data, VIP, China Biology Medicine disc, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Embase for literature related to sarcopenia screening tools, from database inception to November 30, 2024. Two researchers independently screened the literature and extracted relevant data.Results:A total of 19 articles were included, covering seven screening tools: the Sarcopenia-Five (SARC-F) questionnaire, Sarcopenia combined with Calf Circumference (SARC-CALF), Sarcopenia-Five combined with Elderly and Body Mass Index Information (SARC-F+EBM), Calf Circumference, Ishii score, Mini Sarcopenia Risk Assessment-5 (MSRA-5), and the finger-ring test.Conclusions:Research on sarcopenia screening tools for the elderly population in China is still in its early stages, primarily focusing on the localization of tools developed abroad. Future research should further develop, optimize, and validate screening tools tailored to the characteristics of the Chinese elderly population to support the prevention and management of sarcopenia.

Objective:To summarize the current application status of sarcopenia screening tools among community-dwelling older adults and explore the suitability of various tools in different contexts.Methods:A comprehensive search was conducted in China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Data, VIP, China Biology Medicine disc, PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Embase for literature related to sarcopenia screening tools, from database inception to November 30, 2024. Two researchers independently screened the literature and extracted relevant data.Results:A total of 19 articles were included, covering seven screening tools: the Sarcopenia-Five (SARC-F) questionnaire, Sarcopenia combined with Calf Circumference (SARC-CALF), Sarcopenia-Five combined with Elderly and Body Mass Index Information (SARC-F+EBM), Calf Circumference, Ishii score, Mini Sarcopenia Risk Assessment-5 (MSRA-5), and the finger-ring test.Conclusions:Research on sarcopenia screening tools for the elderly population in China is still in its early stages, primarily focusing on the localization of tools developed abroad. Future research should further develop, optimize, and validate screening tools tailored to the characteristics of the Chinese elderly population to support the prevention and management of sarcopenia.

Objective:To evaluate the role of ferroptosis in reduction of intestinal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) by sodium butyrate pretreatment in mice.Methods:Thirty SPF healthy male C57BL/6 mice, aged 6-8 weeks, weighing 20-23 g, were divided into 5 groups ( n=6 each) using a random number table method: sham operation group (S group), intestinal IRI group (IR group), intestinal IRI + sodium butyrate pretreatment group (IN group), intestinal IRI + sodium butyrate pretreatment+ FER-1 group (INF group), and intestinal IRI + sodium butyrate pretreatment + Erastin group (INE group). The intestinal IRI model was established by occluding the superior mesenteric artery for 45 min followed by reperfusion for 30 min in S group. In IN, INF and INE groups, sodium butyrate was administered by gavage at a dose of 500 mg/kg daily at 1 week before developing the model, while the equal volume of normal saline was given by gavage in the other two groups. The ferroptosis inhibitor FER-1 5 mg/kg and ferroptosis agonist Erastin 30 mg/kg were intraperitoneally injected at 1 h prior to ischemia in INF and INE groups. Mice were sacrificed after anesthesia at the end of reperfusion to obtain small intestinal tissues for examination of the pathological changes (using light microscopy) which were scored according to Chiu and for determination of the contents of Fe 2+, malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) and glutathione disulfide(GSSG) (by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay), expression of glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11), and ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1) (by Western blot). The ratio of GSH to GSSG was calculated. Results:Compared to S group, Chiu′s scores and contents of MDA and Fe 2+ were significantly increased, the expression of GSH, GPX4, FTH1 and SLC7A11 was down-regulated, and the GSH/GSSG ratio was decreased in IR group ( P<0.001). Compared to IR group, Chiu′s scores and contents of MDA and Fe 2+ were significantly decreased, the expression of GSH, GPX4, FTH1 and SLC7A11 was up-regulated, and the GSH/GSSG ratio was increased in IN and INF groups ( P<0.001). Compared to IN group, Chiu′s scores and contents of MDA and Fe 2+ were significantly increased, the expression of GSH, GPX4, FTH1 and SLC7A11 was down-regulated, and the GSH/GSSG ratio was decreased in INE group ( P<0.001). Conclusions:Ferroptosis is involved in sodium butyrate pretreatment-induced reduction of intestinal I/RI in mice.

Multimorbidity has become a widely recognized public health problem worldwide. Identifying multimorbidity patterns can improve not only the efficiency of healthcare resource utilization but also patients' prognosis. This article summarizes three common approaches for the identification of multimorbidity patterns: association analysis methods (including association rule mining and network analysis), classification methods (including cluster analysis, latent class analysis, and latent transition analysis), and dimensionality reduction and feature extraction methods (including principal component analysis, factor analysis, and multiple correspondence analysis), introduces the application of these methods using data from the UK Biobank to identify multimorbidity patterns and discusses and compares the results of case analysis to provide reference for the selection of appropriate methods for multimorbidity pattern research.

OBJECTIVE To study the effects of peripheral blood-derived exosomes （Exo） intervened by Naozhenning （NZN） on injury of neuron cells HT22 induced by microglia BV-2 cells. METHODS Wistar rats were selected to prepare peripheral blood- derived Exo intervened by NZN （66.83 g/kg）， referred to as NZN-Exo； peripheral blood-derived Exo intervened by normal saline and piracetam （PLXT， 1.62 g/kg） were prepared using the same method， denoted as KB-Exo and PLXT-Exo respectively， and all Exo were subsequently identified. Meanwhile， BV-2 cells were stimulated with 1 μg/mL lipopolysaccharide （LPS） to prepare LPS- stimulated supernatant， and non-LPS-stimulated supernatant was prepared following the same protocol. HT22 cells were divided into four groups: KB-Exo group （treated with non-LPS-stimulated supernatant+KB-Exo）， model group （treated with LPS-stimulated supernatant+KB-Exo）， PLXT-Exo group （treated with LPS-stimulated supernatant+PLXT-Exo）， and NZN-Exo group （treated with LPS-stimulated supernatant+NZN-Exo）， with the concentration of the corresponding Exo in all groups being 50 μg/mL. After 24 hours of culture， the proliferation of HT22 cells was detected by the CCK-8 assay and EdU assay； the apoptosis of HT22 cells was detected； the microstructure of HT22 cells was observed； the contents of interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， IL-10， nuclear factor-κB （NF- κB）， and tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） in HT22 cells were measured， as well as the expression levels of TNF-α， NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3 （NLRP3）， Caspase-1， B-cell lymphoma-2（ Bcl-2）， and Bcl-2-associated X protein （Bax）. RESULTS KB-Exo， PLXT-Exo and NZN-Exo were successfully prepared， and all Exo exhibited typical cup-shaped contours and membrane-enclosed characteristics. Compared with KB-Exo group， model group showed significantly decreased cell proliferation rates （detected by CCK-8 and EdU）， intracellular IL-10 levels， and Bcl-2 protein expression levels （P＜0.05）； while the cell apoptosis rate， intracellular levels of IL-1β， TNF-α， and NF-κB， as well as the expression levels of NLRP3， TNF-α， Caspase-1， and Bax proteins were significantly increased （P＜0.05）. Additionally， in the model group， the cells showed volume swelling， incomplete cell membrane， nucleolar rupture， significant swelling and deformation of mitochondria， and severe vacuolization. Compared with model group， the above quantitative indicators in the PLXT-Exo group and NZN-Exo group were significantly reversed （P＜0.05）， with large and round cell nuclei， intact nuclear membranes， and reduced mitochondrial vacuolization. CONCLUSIONS Peripheral blood-derived Exo intervened by naozhenning can alleviate the injury of neuronal cells HT22 by inhibiting inflammatory responses and cell apoptosis.

In recent years, the roles of mitochondrial RNA and its associated human diseases have been reported to increase significantly. Treatments based on mtRNA metabolic processes and nuclear gene mutations are thus discussed. The mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation process is affected by mtRNA metabolism, including mtRNA production, maturation, stabilization, and degradation, which leads to a variety of inherited human mitochondrial diseases. Moreover, mitochondrial diseases are caused by mitochondrial messenger RNA, mitochondrial transfer RNA, and mitochondrial ribosomal RNA gene mutations. This review presents the molecular mechanisms of human mtRNA metabolism and pathological mutations in mtRNA metabolism-related nuclear-encoded/nonencoded genes and mitochondrial DNA mutations to highlight the importance of mitochondrial RNA-related diseases and treatments.
Humans ; Mitochondrial Diseases/therapy* ; RNA, Mitochondrial ; RNA/genetics* ; Mitochondria/genetics* ; Mutation/genetics* ; RNA, Transfer/genetics* ; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics*