OBJECTIVE To investigate the mechanism by which esketamine improves postoperative cognitive impairment in rats with hip fracture based on the AMP-activated protein kinase （AMPK）/silencing information regulatory factor 1 （SIRT1）/ peroxisome proliferator activated-receptor-γ coactivator-1α （PGC-1α） signaling pathway. METHODS Rats with hip fracture surgery were assigned into model group， esketamine group （10 mg/kg）， inhibitor group （250 μg/mL AMPK inhibitor Compound C）， and esketamine+inhibitor group （10 mg/kg esketamine + 250 μg/mL Compound C）， and rats undergoing sham surgery were used as the control group， with 12 rats in each group. New object recognition and Barnes maze experiments were used to E-mail：448231@163.com evaluate cognitive function in rats. The levels of serum tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α）， interleukin-1β （IL-1β），superoxide dismutase （SOD）， malondialdehyde （MDA）， gamma-aminobutyric acid （GABA）， dopamine （DA） and glutamate （Glu）， and the apoptosis of hippocampal neurons were detected. The pathological morphology of the hippocampal tissue and the ultrastructure of mitochondria were observed. The mRNA expression of B-cell lymphoma-2 （Bcl-2） and Bcl-2-associated X protein （Bax），the mRNA and protein expression of AMPK， SIRT1 and PGC-1α， as well as the expression of phosphorylated （p）-AMPK in hippocampal tissue， were detected. RESULTS Compared with the control group， the hippocampal neurons in the model group of rats were disordered， with more neurons necrotic and swollen mitochondria；the new object recognition index， the SOD， GABA， DA levels， Bcl-2， AMPK， SIRT1 and PGC-1α mRNA expression levels， and p-AMPK， SIRT1， PGC-1α protein expression levels were significantly reduced， while the latency and number of errors for locating unknown holes， the TNF-α， IL-1β， MDA and Glu levels， neuronal cell apoptosis rate， and Bax mRNA expression levels were significantly increased/prolonged （P＜0.05）. Compared with the model group， the esketamine group showed reduced pathological damage to the hippocampal tissue of rats， and the new object recognition index， the SOD， GABA and DA levels， the Bcl-2， AMPK， SIRT1 and PGC-1α mRNA expression levels， and p-AMPK， SIRT1， PGC-1α protein expression levels were significantly increased，while the latency and error frequency for locating unknown holes， TNF-α， IL-1β， MDA and Glu levels， neuronal cell apoptosis rate， and Bax mRNA expression levels were significantly decreased （P＜0.05）；the inhibitor group showed the opposite trend of changes in these indicators compared to the esketamine group （P＜0.05）.AMPK inhibitor could reverse the improvement effect of esketamine on the above indicators after hip fracture surgery in rats （P＜0.05）. CONCLUSIONS Esketamine may improve postoperative inflammatory response and oxidative stress levels in rats with hip fracture by activating the AMPK/SIRT1/PGC-1α signaling pathway， inhibiting neuronal cell apoptosis， improving mitochondrial structure， and promoting postoperative cognitive function recovery.

Pulmonary lymphangiomyomatosis(LAM)is a rare chronic progressive diffuse cystic lung disease that mainly occurs in women of reproductive age.Pulmonary hypertension is a rare complication of LAM.Currently,there is insufficient evidence on the epidemiology,pathogenesis and treatment strategy of LAM related pulmonary hypertension.We reported a case of a woman at reproductive age with shortness of breath and diagnosed with LAM by the combination of specific lung imaging features and serum vascular endothelial growth factor D.Precapillary pulmonary hypertension was confirmed by right cardiac catheterization.Her condition was stable with Sirolimus and home oxygen therapy.

Pulmonary hypertension is a rare complication of pneumoconiosis,which is caused by long term denture dusk contacting and poor protection.Here we reported a case,who was a denture technician and had been engaged in denture grinding for more than 10 years.According to the specific lung imaging findings and dust exposure history,she was diagnosed with interstitial lung disease and pneumoconiosis (probable).Precapillary pulmonary hypertension was confirmed by right cardiac catheterization.

Endometriosis(EMs)is a chronic inflammatory disease.It has been proved that inflammatory microenvironment is the key role in EMs occurance and development.Chinese medicine posits that the theory of"same disease of blood and water",which generally refers to"intermingling dampness and blood stasis",serves as a crucial pathogenesis in EMs.The inflammatory microenvironment is the main manifestation of dampness and blood stasis in EMs,while the insufficiency of vital qi results in endogenous dampness.The stagnation of blood stasis serves as the foundation for the formation of intermingling dampness and blood stasis.Based on contemporary theories in molecular biology,the macrophage-mediated inflammatory microenvironment serves as the foundation for the formation of dampness,while the participation of macrophages in angiogenesis is crucial for the formation of blood stasis.Investigating the intrinsic connection between the inflammatory microenvironment in EMs and the theory of"same disease of blood and water"can contribute to a better understanding of the pathogenesis of EMs from a novel perspective.Remodeling of the inflammatory microenvironment in endometriosis by targeting macrophages may provide a new strategy for EMs treatment.

Background::Given that seizures may be triggered by vaccination, this study aimed to evaluate the risk and correlative factors of seizures in patients with epilepsy (PWE) after being vaccinated against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).Methods::This study retrospectively enrolled PWE who were vaccinated against COVID-19 in the epilepsy centers of 11 hospitals in China. We divided the PWE into two groups as follows: (1) patients who developed seizures within 14 days of vaccination were assigned to the SAV (with seizures after vaccination) group; (2) patients who were seizure-free within 14 days of vaccination were assigned to the SFAV (seizure-free after vaccination) group. To identify potential risk factors for seizure reccurence, the binary logistic regression analysis was performed. Besides, 67 PWE who had not been vaccinated were also included for elucidating the effects of vaccination on seizures recurrence, and binary logistic regression analysis was performed to determine whether vaccination would affect the recurrence rate of PWE who had drug reduction or withdrawal.Results::The study included a total of 407 patients; of which, 48 (11.8%) developed seizures within 14 days after vaccination (SAV group), whereas 359 (88.2%) remained seizure-free (SFAV group). The binary logistic regression analysis revealed that duration of seizure freedom ( P < 0.001) and withdrawal from anti-seizure medications (ASMs) or reduction in their dosage during the peri-vaccination period were significantly associated with the recurrence of seizures (odds ratio= 7.384, 95% confidence interval = 1.732–31.488, P = 0.007). In addition, 32 of 33 patients (97.0%) who were seizure-free for more than three months before vaccination and had a normal electroencephalogram before vaccination did not have any seizures within 14 days of vaccination. A total of 92 (22.6%) patients experienced non-epileptic adverse reactions after vaccination. Binary logistic regression analysis results showed that vaccine did not significantly affect the recurrence rate of PWE who had the behavior of ASMs dose reduction or withdrawal ( P = 0.143). Conclusions::PWE need protection from the COVID-19 vaccine. PWE who are seizure-free for >3 months before vaccination should be vaccinated. Whether the remaining PWE should be vaccinated depends on the local prevalence of COVID-19. Finally, PWE should avoid discontinuing ASMs or reducing their dosage during the peri-vaccination period.

Thyroid cancer is the most common malignant tumor of the endocrine system, and the incidence is increasing year by year, which seriously threatens people's health. Autophagy is a programmed mode of death that can be used as a potential target for anti-tumor therapy and plays an important regulatory role. Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) is a protein kinase encoded by PARK8 gene. The recent studies have confirmed that autophagy is closely related to thyroid cancer. This paper analyzes the possible regulatory mechanism of LRRK2 affecting thyroid cancer through autophagy, providing new ideas for basic research and clinical diagnosis and treatment of thyroid cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To ensure the supply of prevention materials in the tertiary public hospitals in prefecturelevel cities, and to make the process of allocating prevention materials more scientific and reasonable. METHODS: Open the green passage, simplify the procurement process, carry out emergency procurement of related materials, ensure timely delivery of prevention materials, distribute them at different levels, and strengthen the warehouse management of prevention materials. RESULTS: The scheme of emergancy supplies was constantly improved, and the supply of prevention materials was completed with good quality. CONCLUSIONS Using scientific and efficient management methods, the supply of prevention materials in medical institutions has been guaranteed, which has experience and reference significance for the prevention and control of similar public health emergencies in the future.
Emergencies ; Humans ; Public Health ; Tertiary Care Centers

Immune checkpoints are the crucial regulators of immune system and play essential roles in maintaining self-tolerance, preventing autoimmune responses, and minimizing tissue damage by regulating the duration and intensity of the immune response. Furthermore, immune checkpoints are usually overexpressed in cancer cells or noninvasive cells in tumor tissues and are capable of suppressing the antitumor response. Based on substantial physiological analyses as well as preclinical and clinical studies, checkpoint molecules have been evaluated as potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of multiple types of cancers. In the last few years, extensive evidence has supported the immunoregulatory effects of traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs). The main advantage of TCMs and natural medicine is that they usually contain multiple active components, which can act on multiple targets at the same time, resulting in additive or synergistic effects. The strong immune regulation function of traditional Chinese medicine on immune checkpoints has also been of great interest. For example,

Objective:To describe and analyze the clinical manifestations of patients with orofacial pain of temporomandibular disorders (TMD).Methods:A retrospective study on orofacial pain was conducted for 3 425 patients diagnosed as TMD based on clinical symptoms and signs in the Department of Temporomandibular Disorders and Orofacial Pain, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University. The patients included 1 158 males and 2 267 females with a median age of 32 years. The gender, age, course of disorders, pattern and site of pain, CT imaging diagnosis of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) were analyzed. The distribution of gender, age and disorder course interval were described. The differences in frequency of the pattern and site of pain, imaging diagnosis in different gender, age and disease course interval were compared. Chi-square test and non-parametric rank sum test were performed using software SPSS 23.0.Results:Of the 3 425 patients, 29.1% (997/3 245) had signs of joint popping, and 40.1% (1 373/3 425) had restricted opening. The pain frequency was higher in males who had disorder course less than 1 month ( P<0.01) and also in males who had open-and-close and/or lateral excursion and/or protrusion pain without tenderness or other pain without tenderness ( P<0.05). However, the pain frequency was higher in females who had tenderness ( P<0.01). The pain frequencies in those over 56 years old with tenderness combined with open-and-close and/or lateral excursion and/or protrusion pain were higher than in patients of other ages ( P<0.01). In patients with unilateral TMJ pain, the frequency in males was higher than females( P<0.01), while the frequency in females was higher in patients with unilateral TMJ pain combined with unilateral or bilateral myalgia and the frequency was higher in patients under 15 years old having bilateral TMJ pain and/or unilateral or bilateral myalgia ( P<0.05). In patients with unilateral TMJ pain, the frequency in those with disorder course≤1 month was higher than in those with other disease duration intervals ( P<0.01), while in patients with bilateral myalgia or TMJ pain plus unilateral or bilateral myalgia, the frequency in those with disorder course>3 years was higher than in those with other disease duration intervals( P<0.01). In patients with unilateral TMJ pain, the frequency was higher in those having open-and-close and/or lateral excursion and/or protrusion pain ( P<0.01). In patients with unilateral myalgia and bilateral myalgia, the frequency was higher in those having tenderness ( P<0.01). The frequency of TMJ space changes in male patients was higher than females and the frequency of hyperosteogeny and resorption in females were higher than males ( P<0.05). The frequency of TMJ space changes and developmental problems were higher in patients aged 16 to 35 years, while the frequencies of hyperosteogeny, bone resorption and cystis in those over 56 years were higher than other ages ( P<0.01). The frequency of TMJ space changes in patients with disorder course≤1 month was higher than in those with other disease duration intervals ( P<0.01), while the frequency of hyperosteogeny was higher in patients with disorder course>3 years ( P<0.01). Conclusions:The male to female ratio in the present patients with orofacial pain of TMD was about 1 to 2. Most of the patients visited hospital within half a year after the disorders occurred. The pattern and site of the orofacial pain, signs on TMJ CT images showed some distribution regularities in views of gender, age and disorder course.

Objective: To explore the effect of enterostomy on analgesic pattern in advanced digestive tract cancer. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was carried out, which was approved by the Ethics Committee of the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University (E2018026). Inclusion criteria were as follows: (1)age and gender were not limited; (2) all the gastrointestinal malignancies were confirmed histologically, and local recurrence or metastasis were confirmed by CT or MR; (3) numerical rating scale (NRS) ≥4 points, opioid analgesic drugs were required; (4) informed consents were signed by patients of their own. Exclusion criteria were as follows: (1) malignancies of early stage; (2) suspicious adverse mental states which might lead to poor administration compliance; (3) hypersensitivity or allergic reactions to opioids. Clinical data of patients with advanced gastrointestinal cancer receiving comprehensive treatment at the Medical Oncology Department of the Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from September 2016 to April 2017 were retrospectively collected. The patients were divided into the stoma group and the non-stoma group. The clinical findings of two groups were analyzed, including age, sex, ostomy status, pain location, presence or absence of intestinal obstruction, pain characteristics, selection of opioid analgesic agents, treatment of side effects of analgesics. Pain was assessed using brief pain inventory(BPI) table and NRS score. Strong opioids were prescribed for patients of NRS ≥4. Patients who were intolerant to opioids required opioid titration. The titration drugs included oral or IV morphine and oxycodone. After achievement of adequate pain control, long-acting opioids were administered, which included sustained-release morphine tablets, controlled release oxycodone and transdermal fentanyl. Criteria for pain relief included NRS≤3, breakthrough pain <3 times/day and duration of adequate pain control >3 days. The χ² test and the Wilcoxon signed rank sum test (nonparametric test) were used to analyze the clinical features of patients in the stoma and non-stomach groups. In order to find the factors associated with maintenance therapy and the use of laxatives, the variables were compared as well as in multivariate analysis with multiple regression models. For all the statistical tests, a value of P<0.05 in a two-tailed test was established as the alpha significance level. Result: A total of 123 patients were enrolled in this study, including 79 males (64.2%) and 44 females (35.8%) with a median age of 51 years. Fifty-two patients were in stoma group, including 30 (24.4%) of ileostomy and 22 (17.9%) of colostomy, and 71 patients were in non-stoma group. Pain of 40 (76.9%) patients in stoma group located in abdomenopelvic site while the pain of 44 (62.0%) patients in non-stoma group located in other sites. Compared with non-stoma group, cases in stoma group complained more abdominopelvic pain (73% vs. 62.0%, P<0.001).The median NRS pain score before treatment in the stoma group and the non-stoma group was 5.7 and 5.6, respectively, without statistically significant difference (P=0.741). After analgesic management, the above scores reduced to 2.1 and 2.3, respectively, without statistically significant difference as well (P=0.092). Analgesic treatment was effective in 111 cases (90.2%), including 49 cases (94.2%) in the stoma group, and 62 cases (87.3%) in the non-stoma group, and there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (P=0.202). There was more application of fentanyl transdermal patch [34.6%(18/52) vs. 9.8%(7/71)] in the stoma group, while more application of lactulose laxative [78.9%(56/71) vs. 61.5%(32/52)](χ²=10.023, P=0.002) in the non-stoma group. Multivariate analysis revealed that ostomy (OR=0.290, 95%CI: 0.102-0.824, P=0.009) and pain site (OR=5.691, 95%CI:1.709-18.948, P=0.005) were independent factors affecting the choice of the first line opioid sustained release agent. Of the 123 patients with maintaining analgesia, 98 had available data of laxative use, of whom 46 used laxatives to prevent or treat constipation, and the proportion of laxatives in stoma group (21.2%, 11/52) was significantly lower than that in non-stoma group (49.3%, 35/71) (χ²=6.957, P=0.008). Multivariate analysis of the application of laxative use showed that age (OR=0.281, 95% CI: 0.123-0.684, P=0.010) and ostomy (OR=2.621, 95% CI: 1.033-6.687, P=0.045) were independent factors affecting the use of lactulose laxatives. Conclusions Enterostomy may affect the analgesic pattern in advanced digestive tract cancer. Patients with stoma are more likely to use fentanyl transdermal patches and younger patients with stoma do not need prophylactic use of laxatives.