Implementation Science is an interdisciplinary field dedicated to systematically studying how to effectively translate evidence-based research findings into practical application and implementation. In the health-related context, it focuses on enhancing the efficiency and quality of healthcare services, thereby facilitating the transition from scientific evidence to real-world practice. This article elaborates on Theories, Models, and Frameworks (TMF) within health-related Implementation Science, clarifying their basic concepts and classifications, and discussing their roles in guiding implementation processes. Furthermore, it reviews and prospects current research from three aspects: the constituent elements of TMF, their practical applications, and future directions. Five representative frameworks are emphasized, including the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR), the Practical Robust Implementation and Sustainability Model (PRISM), the Exploration, Preparation, Implementation, Sustainment (EPIS)framework, the Behavior Change Wheel (BCW), and the Normalization Process Theory (NPT). Additionally, resources such as the Dissemination & Implementation Models Webtool and the T-CaST tool are introduced to assist researchers in selecting appropriate TMFs based on project-specific needs.

Vaccination is one of the most cost-effective measures for preventing and controlling infectious diseases.In recent years, there has been a growing public demand for knowledge about vaccines and vaccine-preventable diseases, which has placed higher requirements on the capacity and quality of immunization services. However, "vaccine hesitancy" has become an increasingly prominent issue. In 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) listed it as one of the top ten global health threats, and it is gradually becoming a major challenge for immunization programs worldwide. Therefore, current immunization programs need to actively innovate in publicity and communication strategies to enhance public willingness for voluntary vaccination, improve awareness and trust in vaccines, and further reinforce the understanding of their critical role in infectious disease prevention and control. This paper examines the challenges and circumstances faced by vaccination publicity and communication in the new era, and proposes relevant recommendations, aiming to provide reference for developing new models of publicity and communication.

Objective:To identify factors influencing treatment-free remission (TFR) outcomes in children and adolescent patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) after imatinib (IM) discontinuation.Methods:This multicenter retrospective study analyzed 36 children and adolescent patients with CML from eight hematology centers in China (December 1, 2016, to September 27, 2024) who discontinued IM therapy with documented post-cessation outcomes. Clinical characteristics and molecular response dynamics were assessed. Univariate analysis and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models were employed to assess factors associated with TFR outcomes.Results:A total of 36 patients were documented, comprising 17 males and 19 females. The median ages at CML diagnosis and IM discontinuation were 11 years ( IQR: 5,16) and 20 years ( IQR: 14,25), respectively. The median time from IM initiation to first deep molecular response (DMR) was 21 months ( IQR: 13, 38). Pre-discontinuation, patients received IM for a median duration of 96 months ( IQR: 84, 121) and maintained DMR for 74 months ( IQR: 63, 89). With a median post-discontinuation follow-up of 38 months ( IQR: 15, 68), cumulative TFR rates at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months were 74.1%, 60.7%, 60.7%, and 56.0%, respectively, generating an overall TFR rate of 58.3%. Fifteen patients lost major molecular response at a median of 5 months post-discontinuation ( IQR: 3, 11). All 15 patients resumed tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy, comprising 13 who restarted IM and 2 who switched to dasatinib. By the last follow-up, 13 (86.7% ) patients regained DMR after a median treatment duration of 5 months ( IQR: 3, 17), and no disease progression occurred in any patient. Withdrawal syndrome occurred in 2 (5.6% ) patients. Univariate analysis revealed significantly higher TFR rates in patients with pre-discontinuation IM duration of ≥100 months vs <100 months (82.4% vs 36.8%, P=0.017) and pre-discontinuation DMR duration of ≥72 months vs <72 months (84.2% vs 29.4%, P=0.003). Multivariate Cox analysis identified pre-discontinuation DMR duration as an independent protective factor for TFR ( HR=5.419, 95% CI: 1.524–19.272, P=0.009) . Conclusion:DMR duration was identified as an independent protective factor influencing TFR outcomes in children and adolescent patients with CML after IM discontinuation. Patients who maintained DMR for ≥72 months before IM discontinuation demonstrated a significantly higher TFR rate.

Objective To investigate the association between polymorphisms at rs1044122 of the metalloprotease12(ADAM12)gene and rs1553005 of the calcitionin related peptide alpha(CALCA)gene and disease susceptibility in patients with knee osteoarthritisc(KOA).Methods A total of 188 KOA patients admitted to the First Hospital of Qinhuangdao from January 2022 to January 2024 were selected as the study objects.Another 100 healthy subjects in the same hospital during the same period were selected as the control group.The polymorphisms of ADAM12 rs1044122 and CALCA rs1553005 were analyzed by PCR+gel imaging system.The frequency distribution of alleles and genotypes was compared between control group and KOA group.Logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between ADAM12 rs1044122 and CALCA rs1553005 and susceptibility to KOA under three genetic models(co-dominant,dominant and recessive).Results The genotypes of ADAM12 rs1044122 and CALCA rs1553005 in control group and KOA group were consistent with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium law(all P>0.05),indicating population representation.Compared with the control group,the allele C frequency(41.49%vs 32.00%)of ADAM12 rs1044122 and the allele C(42.55%vs 30.00%)and genotype CC(18.08%vs 9.00%)frequencies of CALCA rs1553005 in KOA group were significantly increased,with statistical significance(χ2=4.980,8.715,8.631,all P<0.05).Logistic regression model showed that in the co-dominant model(AA vs CC)of ADAM12 rs1044122,the risk of KOA occurrence in CC genotype was significantly higher than that in AA genotype(OR=1.656,P<0.05).In the dominant model(AC+CC vs AA),the risk of developing KOA was higher in patients with C allele than in patients with A allele(OR=1.458,P<0.05).Under the codominant model(GG vs CC)of CALCA rs1553005,the risk of KOA in CC genotype was significantly higher than that in GG genotype(OR=1.643,P<0.05).Under the dominant model(GC+CC vs GG)and recessive model(GC+GG vs CC),the risk of developing KOA with C allele was significantly higher than that with G allele(OR=1.491,0.795,all P<0.05).Conclusion ADAM12 gene rs1044122 allele C and CALCA gene rs1553005 allele C and genotype CC increased the risk of KOA.

Vaccination is one of the most cost-effective measures for preventing and controlling infectious diseases.In recent years, there has been a growing public demand for knowledge about vaccines and vaccine-preventable diseases, which has placed higher requirements on the capacity and quality of immunization services. However, "vaccine hesitancy" has become an increasingly prominent issue. In 2019, the World Health Organization (WHO) listed it as one of the top ten global health threats, and it is gradually becoming a major challenge for immunization programs worldwide. Therefore, current immunization programs need to actively innovate in publicity and communication strategies to enhance public willingness for voluntary vaccination, improve awareness and trust in vaccines, and further reinforce the understanding of their critical role in infectious disease prevention and control. This paper examines the challenges and circumstances faced by vaccination publicity and communication in the new era, and proposes relevant recommendations, aiming to provide reference for developing new models of publicity and communication.

Objective To investigate the association between polymorphisms at rs1044122 of the metalloprotease12(ADAM12)gene and rs1553005 of the calcitionin related peptide alpha(CALCA)gene and disease susceptibility in patients with knee osteoarthritisc(KOA).Methods A total of 188 KOA patients admitted to the First Hospital of Qinhuangdao from January 2022 to January 2024 were selected as the study objects.Another 100 healthy subjects in the same hospital during the same period were selected as the control group.The polymorphisms of ADAM12 rs1044122 and CALCA rs1553005 were analyzed by PCR+gel imaging system.The frequency distribution of alleles and genotypes was compared between control group and KOA group.Logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between ADAM12 rs1044122 and CALCA rs1553005 and susceptibility to KOA under three genetic models(co-dominant,dominant and recessive).Results The genotypes of ADAM12 rs1044122 and CALCA rs1553005 in control group and KOA group were consistent with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium law(all P>0.05),indicating population representation.Compared with the control group,the allele C frequency(41.49%vs 32.00%)of ADAM12 rs1044122 and the allele C(42.55%vs 30.00%)and genotype CC(18.08%vs 9.00%)frequencies of CALCA rs1553005 in KOA group were significantly increased,with statistical significance(χ2=4.980,8.715,8.631,all P<0.05).Logistic regression model showed that in the co-dominant model(AA vs CC)of ADAM12 rs1044122,the risk of KOA occurrence in CC genotype was significantly higher than that in AA genotype(OR=1.656,P<0.05).In the dominant model(AC+CC vs AA),the risk of developing KOA was higher in patients with C allele than in patients with A allele(OR=1.458,P<0.05).Under the codominant model(GG vs CC)of CALCA rs1553005,the risk of KOA in CC genotype was significantly higher than that in GG genotype(OR=1.643,P<0.05).Under the dominant model(GC+CC vs GG)and recessive model(GC+GG vs CC),the risk of developing KOA with C allele was significantly higher than that with G allele(OR=1.491,0.795,all P<0.05).Conclusion ADAM12 gene rs1044122 allele C and CALCA gene rs1553005 allele C and genotype CC increased the risk of KOA.

Objective:To identify factors influencing treatment-free remission (TFR) outcomes in children and adolescent patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) after imatinib (IM) discontinuation.Methods:This multicenter retrospective study analyzed 36 children and adolescent patients with CML from eight hematology centers in China (December 1, 2016, to September 27, 2024) who discontinued IM therapy with documented post-cessation outcomes. Clinical characteristics and molecular response dynamics were assessed. Univariate analysis and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models were employed to assess factors associated with TFR outcomes.Results:A total of 36 patients were documented, comprising 17 males and 19 females. The median ages at CML diagnosis and IM discontinuation were 11 years ( IQR: 5,16) and 20 years ( IQR: 14,25), respectively. The median time from IM initiation to first deep molecular response (DMR) was 21 months ( IQR: 13, 38). Pre-discontinuation, patients received IM for a median duration of 96 months ( IQR: 84, 121) and maintained DMR for 74 months ( IQR: 63, 89). With a median post-discontinuation follow-up of 38 months ( IQR: 15, 68), cumulative TFR rates at 6, 12, 24, and 36 months were 74.1%, 60.7%, 60.7%, and 56.0%, respectively, generating an overall TFR rate of 58.3%. Fifteen patients lost major molecular response at a median of 5 months post-discontinuation ( IQR: 3, 11). All 15 patients resumed tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy, comprising 13 who restarted IM and 2 who switched to dasatinib. By the last follow-up, 13 (86.7% ) patients regained DMR after a median treatment duration of 5 months ( IQR: 3, 17), and no disease progression occurred in any patient. Withdrawal syndrome occurred in 2 (5.6% ) patients. Univariate analysis revealed significantly higher TFR rates in patients with pre-discontinuation IM duration of ≥100 months vs <100 months (82.4% vs 36.8%, P=0.017) and pre-discontinuation DMR duration of ≥72 months vs <72 months (84.2% vs 29.4%, P=0.003). Multivariate Cox analysis identified pre-discontinuation DMR duration as an independent protective factor for TFR ( HR=5.419, 95% CI: 1.524–19.272, P=0.009) . Conclusion:DMR duration was identified as an independent protective factor influencing TFR outcomes in children and adolescent patients with CML after IM discontinuation. Patients who maintained DMR for ≥72 months before IM discontinuation demonstrated a significantly higher TFR rate.

Objective:To analyze the clinical features and magnetic resonance imaging of non-malignant patients assigned to Prostate Imaging Reporting And Data System (PI-RADS) 5 score.Methods:We performed a retrospective review of 289 patients who underwent magnetic resonance ultrasound targeted combined system biopsy with PI-RADS 5 lesions in the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University between May 2019 and July 2021. The median age 72 (66, 77)years, median body mass index 24.4(22.3, 27.1)kg/m 2, median prostate volume (PV) 37.39(29.39, 48.86) ml, median PSA 22.24(10.91, 62.69) ng/ml, and median PSAD 0.53(0.30, 1.52)ng/ml 2 were recorded. According to the biopsy pathological results, all patients were divided into benign lesion group and prostate cancer group. PSA, PSAD, PV, and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were compared, and magnetic resonance imaging and clinical characteristics of patients with biopsy benign lesions were analyzed. Results:There were 11 cases (3.8%) with benign lesion and 278 cases (96.2%) with prostate cancer. The characters of 11 negative biopsy cases were displayed as follows: median age 69(66, 79)years, median body mass index 22.0(21.0, 25.5)kg/m 2, median PV 62.90(38.48, 71.96)ml, median PSA 5.55(2.99, 20.52)ng/ml, median PSAD 0.16(0.07, 0.24) ng/ml 2, median ADC 714.47(701.91, 801.26)×10 -6 mm 2/s, abnormal digital rectal and amination in 5 cases, smoking in 7 cases, and alcohol consumption in 4 cases. The median PV [62.90(38.48, 71.96) vs. 37.21(29.22, 47.82)ml, P<0.01], the PSA value [5.55(2.99, 20.52) vs. 23.53(11.14, 65.98)ng/ml, P<0.01], and the PSAD value [0.16(0.07, 0.24) vs. 0.58(0.31, 1.57)ng/ml 2, P<0.01] were significantly different between benign condition group and prostate carcinoma group. Benign condition group included 5 chronic prostatitis, 2 acute prostatitis (1 with focal adenocarcinoma), 2 granulomatous inflammation, and 2 tuberculous granulomatous inflammation. In 7 benign cases, PSA was less than 10 ng/ml, combined with frequent urination, urgency of urination and incontinence were founded. In 8 benign cases, the area of lesion was more than 50% of the total prostate area in the axial position and the imaging of magnetic resonance were diffused, with regular shape and uniform signal. The imaging of symmetrical distribution was in 6 cases. Conclusions:The benign condition with PI-RADS 5 lesions included chronic prostatitis, acute prostatitis, granulomatous inflammation and tuberculous granulomatous inflammation, among which prostatitis was the most common cause. The PSA value were less than 10 ng/ml in most benign cases, with symptoms such as frequent urination, urgency of urination and incontinence. The imaging of magnetic resonance were diffused, symmetrically distributed, with regular shape and uniform signal.

This study summarizes the construction background, rules and regulations and institutional settings of the MOOC and Micro-course Club in the Second Hospital of Jilin University, discusses the means of teacher training for clinical teachers, and shows the application effect of the club. At the same time, the related problems encountered in the process of club construction are summarized and reflected. The construction of MOOC and micro-course clubs is conducive to improving the information-based teaching level of clinical teachers, and also provides new inspiration and ideas for the construction of medical clubs.