ObjectiveTo observe the clinical efficacy and safety of Yishen Jiangtang decoction combined with conventional Western medicine treatment in managing stage G3A3 diabetic kidney disease （DKD） in the patients with the pattern of Qi-Yin deficiency combined with dampness-heat and blood stasis， and to explore its mechanism of inhibiting the endoplasmic reticulum stress （ERS）-apoptosis axis and delaying renal fibrosis （RF）. MethodsA single-center， randomized， parallel-controlled clinical trial was conducted. A total of 78 patients diagnosed with stage G3A3 DKD and traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） pattern of Qi-Yin deficiency combined with dampness-heat and blood stasis and treated in the Department of Nephrology and the Department of Endocrinology of the People's Hospital Affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from March 2025 to February 2026 were enrolled. They were randomly assigned at a 1∶1 ratio into a control group （conventional Western medicine treatment） and an experimental group （Yishen Jiangtang decoction combined with conventional Western medicine treatment）， with 39 patients in each group. The treatment lasted for 12 weeks. Basic demographic data and medical history were collected before and after treatment. The two groups before and after treatment were compared in terms of the following parameters： Blood urea nitrogen （BUN）， serum creatinine （SCr）， estimated glomerular filtration rate （eGFR）， urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio （UACR）， fasting blood glucose （FBG）， triglycerides （TG）， total cholesterol （TC）， and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） kits were used to measure serum glucose-regulated protein 78 （GRP78）， serum cysteinyl aspartate-specific protease-3 （Caspase-3）， and serum and urinary transforming growth factor-β₁ （TGF-β₁） levels before and after treatment. TCM symptom scores， TCM syndrome efficacy， and overall clinical efficacy were evaluated before and after treatment. Spearman correlation analysis was performed to explore the correlations of serum levels of GRP78 and Caspase-3， as well as serum and urinary levels of TGF-β1， with renal function， proteinuria， and glucose and lipid metabolism indicators in patients with DKD. In addition， safety indicators were also monitored. ResultsA total of 75 patients completed the study （38 in the control group and 37 in the experimental group）. ① Baseline data： The two groups were comparable in terms of sex and age， with no statistically significant difference. ② Efficacy outcomes： Compared with baseline levels， both groups showed reductions in BUN， SCr， UACR， FBG， TG， TC， LDL-C， and TCM symptom scores （P<0.01） and increases in eGFR level （P<0.01）. Moreover， the experimental group outperformed the control group in altering the indicators above （P<0.05）. Regarding TCM syndrome efficacy， the total response rate in the experimental group was 83.78%， which was higher than that （57.89%） in the control group （P<0.05）. Regarding overall clinical efficacy， the total response rate in the experimental group was 78.38%， which was higher than that （50.00%） in the control group （P<0.05）. ③ Mechanism outcomes： Compared with baseline levels， both groups showed declined serum levels of GRP78， Caspase-3， and TGF-β₁ and urinary level of TGF-β₁ after treatment （P<0.01）. Moreover， the experimental group showed greater declines than the control group （P<0.05）. The serum levels of GRP78， Caspase-3，and TGF-β₁ and the urinary level of TGF-β₁ in DKD patients showed positive correlations with BUN， SCr， UACR， and FBG and negative correlations with eGFR （P<0.05）. ④ Safety outcomes： Neither group showed drug-related adverse reactions， and laboratory safety parameters remained within normal ranges. ConclusionYishen Jiangtang decoction combined with conventional Western medicine treatment may safely and effectively alleviate clinical symptoms， correct glucose and lipid metabolism disorders， and protect the renal function in patients with stage G3A3 DKD and the pattern of Qi-Yin deficiency combined with dampness-heat and blood stasis. The mechanism may be associated with inhibition of the ERS-apoptosis axis and delay of the RF process.

ObjectiveTo observe the clinical efficacy and safety of Yishen Jiangtang decoction combined with conventional Western medicine treatment in managing stage G3A3 diabetic kidney disease （DKD） in the patients with the pattern of Qi-Yin deficiency combined with dampness-heat and blood stasis， and to explore its mechanism of inhibiting the endoplasmic reticulum stress （ERS）-apoptosis axis and delaying renal fibrosis （RF）. MethodsA single-center， randomized， parallel-controlled clinical trial was conducted. A total of 78 patients diagnosed with stage G3A3 DKD and traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） pattern of Qi-Yin deficiency combined with dampness-heat and blood stasis and treated in the Department of Nephrology and the Department of Endocrinology of the People's Hospital Affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from March 2025 to February 2026 were enrolled. They were randomly assigned at a 1∶1 ratio into a control group （conventional Western medicine treatment） and an experimental group （Yishen Jiangtang decoction combined with conventional Western medicine treatment）， with 39 patients in each group. The treatment lasted for 12 weeks. Basic demographic data and medical history were collected before and after treatment. The two groups before and after treatment were compared in terms of the following parameters： Blood urea nitrogen （BUN）， serum creatinine （SCr）， estimated glomerular filtration rate （eGFR）， urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio （UACR）， fasting blood glucose （FBG）， triglycerides （TG）， total cholesterol （TC）， and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol （LDL-C）. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） kits were used to measure serum glucose-regulated protein 78 （GRP78）， serum cysteinyl aspartate-specific protease-3 （Caspase-3）， and serum and urinary transforming growth factor-β₁ （TGF-β₁） levels before and after treatment. TCM symptom scores， TCM syndrome efficacy， and overall clinical efficacy were evaluated before and after treatment. Spearman correlation analysis was performed to explore the correlations of serum levels of GRP78 and Caspase-3， as well as serum and urinary levels of TGF-β1， with renal function， proteinuria， and glucose and lipid metabolism indicators in patients with DKD. In addition， safety indicators were also monitored. ResultsA total of 75 patients completed the study （38 in the control group and 37 in the experimental group）. ① Baseline data： The two groups were comparable in terms of sex and age， with no statistically significant difference. ② Efficacy outcomes： Compared with baseline levels， both groups showed reductions in BUN， SCr， UACR， FBG， TG， TC， LDL-C， and TCM symptom scores （P<0.01） and increases in eGFR level （P<0.01）. Moreover， the experimental group outperformed the control group in altering the indicators above （P<0.05）. Regarding TCM syndrome efficacy， the total response rate in the experimental group was 83.78%， which was higher than that （57.89%） in the control group （P<0.05）. Regarding overall clinical efficacy， the total response rate in the experimental group was 78.38%， which was higher than that （50.00%） in the control group （P<0.05）. ③ Mechanism outcomes： Compared with baseline levels， both groups showed declined serum levels of GRP78， Caspase-3， and TGF-β₁ and urinary level of TGF-β₁ after treatment （P<0.01）. Moreover， the experimental group showed greater declines than the control group （P<0.05）. The serum levels of GRP78， Caspase-3，and TGF-β₁ and the urinary level of TGF-β₁ in DKD patients showed positive correlations with BUN， SCr， UACR， and FBG and negative correlations with eGFR （P<0.05）. ④ Safety outcomes： Neither group showed drug-related adverse reactions， and laboratory safety parameters remained within normal ranges. ConclusionYishen Jiangtang decoction combined with conventional Western medicine treatment may safely and effectively alleviate clinical symptoms， correct glucose and lipid metabolism disorders， and protect the renal function in patients with stage G3A3 DKD and the pattern of Qi-Yin deficiency combined with dampness-heat and blood stasis. The mechanism may be associated with inhibition of the ERS-apoptosis axis and delay of the RF process.

In current clinical practice, various dermal templates and skin substitutes are used to enhance wound healing. However, the role of wound commensal microbiome in regulating scaffold performance and the healing process remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the influence of both natural and synthetic scaffolds on the wound commensal microbiome and wound repair in three distinct models including diabetic wounds, burn injuries, and germ-free (GF) wounds. Remarkably, synthetic electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds were observed to positively promote microbiome diversity, leading to enhanced diabetic wound healing compared to the natural scaffolds Integra® (INT) and MatriDerm® (MAD). In contrast, both natural and synthetic scaffolds exhibited comparable effects on the diversity of the microbiome and the healing of burn injuries. In GF wounds with no detectable microorganisms, a reversed healing rate was noted showing natural scaffold (MAD) accelerated wound repair compared to the open or the synthetic scaffold (PCL) treatment. Furthermore, the response of the wound commensal microbiome to PCL scaffolds appears pivotal in promoting anti-inflammatory factors during diabetic wound healing. Our results emphasize that the wound commensal microbiome, mediated by different scaffolds plays an important role in the wound healing process.

Peanut, a major economic and oil crop known for the high protein and oil content, is extensively cultivated in China. Peanut plants have the ability to form nodules with rhizobia, where the nitrogenase converts atmospheric nitrogen into ammonia nitrogen that can be utilized by the plants. Analysis of nodule fixation is of positive significance for avoiding overapplication of chemical fertilizer and developing sustainable agriculture. In this study, AhNIGT1.2, a member of the NIGT family predominantly expressed in peanut nodules, was identified by bioinformatics analysis. Subsequent spatiotemporal expression analysis revealed that AhNIGT1.2 was highly expressed in nodules and showed significant responses to high nitrogen, low nitrogen, high phosphorus, low phosphorus, and rhizobia treatments. Histochemical staining indicated that the gene was primarily expressed in developing nodules and at the connection region between mature nodules and peanut roots. The fusion protein AhNIGT1.2-GFP was located in the nucleus of tobacco epidermal cells. The AhNIGT1.2-OE significantly increased the number of peanut nodules, while AhNIGT1.2-RNAi reduced the number of nodules, which suggested a positive regulatory role of AhNIGT1.2 in peanut nodulation. The AhNIGT1.2-OE in roots down-regulated the expression levels of NRT1.2, NRT2.4, NLP1, and NLP7, which indicated that AhNIGT1.2 influenced peanut nodulation by modulating nitrate transport and the expression of NLP genes. The transcriptome analysis of AhNIGT1.2-OE and control roots revealed that overexpressing AhNIGT1.2 significantly enriched the differentially expressed genes associated with nitrate response, nodulation factor pathway, enzymes for triterpene biosynthesis, and carotenoid biosynthesis. These findings suggest that AhNIGT1.2 play a key role in peanut nodulation by regulating nitrate transport and response and other related pathways. This study gives insights into the molecular mechanisms of nitrogen and phosphorus in regulating legume nodulation and nitrogen fixation, and sheds light on the development of legume crops that can efficiently fix nitrogen in high nitrogen environments.
Arachis/physiology* ; Nitrates/metabolism* ; Plant Proteins/physiology* ; Transcription Factors/metabolism* ; Plant Root Nodulation/physiology* ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Root Nodules, Plant/metabolism* ; Nitrogen Fixation

Objective:This study systematically summarized the construction experience of the immunology platform at the Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Third Hospital, aiming to provide theoretical references and practical guidance for research-oriented hospitals in building high-quality research platforms.Methods:This study employed case study analysis to elaborate on the platform development initiatives, integrating literature analysis and in-depth interviews to conduct a horizontal comparison of management models among peer research platforms.Results:Through five years of development, the platform had achieved remarkable outcomes via a model integrating ″Talent cultivation-Technological innovation-Equipment procurement″ Research talents had demonstrated breakthroughs in securing national-level research grants, publishing high-impact papers, and obtaining scientific awards. The technical service system had achieved enhancement in both service scope and professional depth, fostering robust interdisciplinary synergy. The platform had effectively expanded its societal engagement capacity.Conclusions:The sustainable advancement of research-oriented hospital immunology platform necessitates establishing standardized flow cytometry databases and implementing high-dimensional data integration. Building upon multidisciplinary convergence, it is imperative to pioneer innovative operational mechanisms characterized by efficiency, open-access, and shared frameworks.

Objective:To study the consistency between post-processing bone mineral density(BMD)values of multi-slice spiral computed tomography(MSCT)scan and the BMD value of quantitative computed tomography(QCT)for lumbar vertebra,so as to explore the feasibility of utilizing MSCT scan-based post-processing BMD values for lumbar vertebra in clinical practice.Methods:The MSCT equipment and QCT equipment were respectively adopted to conduct imaging scan for the L2-L4 of lumber vertebra of QRM-ESP145 European Spine Phantom(ESP),and L2-L4 of lumbar vertebra of adult sheep,and L2-L4 of lumbar vertebra of adult volunteer.The L2-L4 of ESP lumber vertebra and L2-L4 of lumbar vertebra of adult sheep were scanned respectively MSCT and QCT for three times,so as to measure BMD values.The L2-L4 of lumbar vertebrae of volunteers were scanned respectively by the two methods for one time according to the standard of clinical examination,which were reconstructed by three times so as to obtain mean of them.The BMD values of QCT scan were set as control group,and the BMD values of MSCT scan were set as experiment group.The experiment group was further divided into experiment 1 group[two dimension(2D)regional volumetric BMD values of the lumbar vertebra]and experiment 2 group[three dimension(3D)global volumetric BMD post-processing of the lumbar vertebra]according to the reliability of experiment.Then,the consistency between the MSCT 3D post-processing BMD values of three groups and QCT-measured BMD values was compared and analyzed.Results:The MSCT 3D post-processing BMD values of L2-L4 of ESP lumbar vertebra of three groups were respectively(120.83±0.97),(199.57±0.54)and(119.19±1.04)mg/cm3,and that of L2-L4 of lumbar vertebra of adult sheep of three groups were respectively(414.89±1.72),(410.50±0.77)and(420.25±2.71)mg/cm3,and that of L2-L4 of lumbar vertebra of volunteer were respectively(141.22±0.09),(137.38±0.37)and(152.03±1.03)mg/cm3.There were not statistically significant differences in BMD values between MSCT examination and QCT examination(P＞0.05).Conclusion:MSCT 3D post-processing BMD values on lumbar vertebra has high consistency with that of QCT measurements,which post-processing technique can replace QCT to conduct BMD examination,and reduce unnecessary radiation exposure and examination costs for patients.

"Upper deficiency leading to vertigo" is one of the representative discussions on deficiency vertigo in Huang Di Nei Jing, which has laid the foundation for the rich development of the theory of "deficiency causing vertigo" in later generations. The brain lymphatic system can remove metabolic wastes and provide nutrients for the brain, which is involved in the development of many brain diseases. This study believes that the broad definition of "upper deficiency leading to vertigo", that is to say, vertigo is triggered by abnormalities in the local physiological functions of the brain orifices, can be used as a platform for the pathogenesis of vertigo. Based on the findings of modern medicine on the lymphoid system, the authors discussed the possible interactions between the lymphoid system, phlegm, blood stasis, deficiency, and other pathological factors of vertigo. β-amyloid, neurotransmitters, inflammatory mediators and other "toxic pathogenic factors" may also be an important cause of vertigo. This article attempted to explain the pathogenesis of "upper deficiency leading to vertigo" with the help of lymphoid system, in order to provide new thinking direction for the development of TCM clinical diagnosis and treatment of vertigo.

Objective To investigate the effects of Caenorhabditis elegans(C.elegans)endogenous U6 promoters on dpy-10 gene editing efficiency.Methods We screened endogenous U6 small nuclear RNA(snRNA)genes of C.elegans from the WormBase database and constructed 14 editing plasmids targeting dpy-10 by replacing the U6r07e5.16 promoter in the pSX524 plasmid(Peft-3::cas9::tbb-2 terminator::U6 r07e5.16::dpy-10 sgRNA)through molecular cloning.Gene editing was performed in wild-type C.elegans using a standardized microinjection protocol.Gene editing efficiency and the high-efficiency gene editing index were quantified based on the screening of dpy-10 mutant phenotypes in the F1 progeny.Results A total of 15 U6 snRNA genes(r07e5.16,f35c11.9,t20d3.13,k09b11.15,k09b11.16,w05b2.8,c28a5.7,f54c8.9,k09b11.11,k09b11.12,k09b11.14,t20d3.12,f54c8.8,f54c8.10,and k09b11.13)were identified from the WormBase database.Based on the editing efficiency and high-efficiency gene editing index,the activity of these promoters was evaluated,and 4 U6 promoters(w05b2.8,c28a5.7,f54c8.9,and k09b11.11)were found to have significantly enhanced gene editing success rates,outperforming other promoters,including U6r07e5.16 and U6k09b11.12,which are commonly used in the C.elegans research community.Notably,the gRNAF+E scaffold did not show superior editing efficiency over the gRNA scaffold when paired with the optimal U6w05b2.8 promoter.Conclusion In this study,U6 promoters that significantly improve gene editing efficiency in C.elegans are identified and the critical role of promoter optimization in CRISPR-Cas9 systems is highlighted.These findings provide a valuable foundation for improving genome editing strategies and offer new ideas for optimizing the CRISPR technology applied in nematode research.

Objective To optimize the real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR)data analysis process through mathematical principles by replacing the biased 2-??CT method with a more rigorous 2-CT method,thereby improving the accuracy of gene expression quantification analysis.Methods Essentially,the CT value serves as the exponent in a base-2 exponential equation within the logic of comparative CT method.In the traditional 2-??CT method,the arithmetic means of raw CT and ΔCT values are directly calculated and the exponential nature of CT data is overlooked,which may introduce systematic bias to the calculation results.We propose a new method,entitled the 2-CT method,in which all calculations are based on the transformation of CT values into 2-CT.This includes computing the relative initial expression levels of target and reference genes within each sample,the relative abundance of the target gene,and its fold change across groups.Statistical comparisons are then performed based on fold change values.By strictly adhering to the exponential nature of of CT values,the biases introduced by arithmetic averaging at the CT or ΔCT level are avoided.We applied this method to multiple RT-qPCR datasets to evaluate the differences between the traditional 2-??CT and the proposed 2-CT methods in gene expression quantification,as well as the effect of the differences.Results In the original dataset from LIVAK and SCHMITTGEN,the two methods produced similar results.However,in the cadmium exposure experiment,findings from the 2-??CT method indicated that 8-hour cadmium exposure caused an increase of irg-6 gene expression in Caenorhabditis elegans from 1.314-fold to 7.125-fold(P=0.000 2).In contrast,findings from the 2-CT method showed a fold change from 1.0 to 4.124(P=0.001 5),a 70%difference between the two methods.Conclusion The2-CT method provides a mathematically more rigorous approach that more accurately reflects gene expression changes,particularly in experiments with high CT variability.It offers a more reliable computational paradigm for quantitative gene expression analysis.

Objective: To investigate the expression of ribosomal protein L26 ( RPL26) in gastric cancer cells (GC) and its effect on cell apoptosis and proliferation . Methods: The expression of RPL26 in GES-1 and GC cell lines was detected by Western blot. GC cell line HGC-27 was used to construct RPL26 overexpression cell line , and GC cell lines HGC-27 and AGS cells were used to construct RPL26 knockdown cell line . The overexpression and knockdown efficiency of RPL26 were detected by Western blot. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) , colony formation assay and Transwell assay were used to detect the effects of the overexpression and knockdown of RPL26 on the pro- liferation and migration of GC cells . Western blot was used to detect the expression of Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) / protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway related factors PI3K , AKT , phosphorylated phosphatidylinosi- tol-3-kinase (p-PI3K) , phosphorylated protein kinase B ( p-AKT) and downstream factors B-Cell lymphoma-2 (Bcl-2) , Bcl-2 associated X protein (Bax) and Cyclin A , G1 /S-specific Cyclin D1(Cyclin D1) , Cyclin-depend- ent kinases (CDK)4 and CDK2 in overexpression and knockdown of RPL26 stably transfected cell lines . Results: Compared with GES-1 , RPL26 was highly expressed in HGC-27 cells ( tHGC-27 = 4. 97 ; P < 0. 01) and elevated in AGS , but the difference was not statistically significant. In HGC-27 and AGS cells , CCK-8 and colony formation assays showed that the proliferation ability of cells decreased after the knockdown of RPL26. Transwell assay showed that the migration ability of cells decreased after the knockdown of RPL26. Western blot showed that Bcl-2 expression was decreased in HGC-27 , AGS cells after the knockdown of RPL26 ( tHGC-27 = 11 . 50 , tAGS = 4. 77 ; P < 0. 001 , P < 0. 01) , and Bax expression increased ( tHGC-27 = 9. 63 , tAGS = 4. 05 ; P < 0. 001 , P < 0. 05) . In HGC-27 cells , the ratios of p-PI3K/PI3K and p-AKT/AKT significantly decreased after the knockdown of RPL26 ( tp-PI3K/PI3K = 3 . 86 , tp-AKT/AKT = 8. 29 ; P < 0. 05 , P < 0. 01) . Cyclin A , Cyclin D1 , CDK4 , CDK2 protein expressions de- creased ( t = 9. 61 , 5 . 10 , 11 . 64 , 7. 81 ; P < 0. 01 or P < 0. 001) , while the overexpression of RPL26 in HGC-27 cells showed the opposite trend . Conclusion The knockdown of RPL26 may arrest the cell cycle in G1 /S phase by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway , thereby inhibiting cell proliferation and promoting apoptosis .