Autoimmune hepatitis （AIH） is a chronic inflammatory liver disease. The pathogenesis of AIH remains unclear， but it is mainly autoimmune injury caused by the breakdown of autoimmune tolerance due to the abnormal activation of the immune system， while the specific molecular mechanism remains unknown. Recent studies have shown that abnormal amino acid metabolism plays an important role in the development and progression of AIH. This article reviews the research advances in amino acid metabolic reprogramming in AIH， in order to provide a theoretical basis for amino acid metabolism as a new target for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of AIH.

The production of high-quality oocytes requires precisely orchestrated intercellular communication. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are cell-derived nanoparticles that play a vital role in the transfer of bioactive molecules, which has gained much attention in the field of diagnosis and treatment. Over the past ten years, the participation of EVs in the reproductive processes of oocytes has been broadly studied and has shown great potential for elucidating the intricacies of female reproductive health. This review provides an extensive discussion of the influence of EVs on oocytes, emphasizing their involvement in normal physiology and altered cargo under pathological conditions. In addition, the positive impact of therapeutic EVs on oocyte quality and their role in alleviating ovarian pathological conditions are summarized.
Humans ; Extracellular Vesicles/physiology* ; Oocytes/cytology* ; Female ; Animals ; Cell Communication/physiology*

Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are characterized by extensive pathological involvement and high prevalence and cause a significant disease burden. Long-term drug administration often causes by adverse effects with poor therapeutic efficacy. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS), as a specialized therapeutic modality, delivers acoustic energy at a low intensity in a pulsed wave mode, thus ensuring stable energy transmission to the target tissues while minimizing thermal effects. This non-invasive approach has demonstrated significant potential for MSD treatment by delivering effective physical stimulations. Extensive animal and clinical studies have demonstrated the efficacy of LIPUS for accelerating the healing process of fresh fractures and nonunions, promoting soft tissue regeneration and suppressing inflammatory responses. Emerging evidence suggests promising applications of LIPUS in skeletal muscle injury treatment and promoting tissue regeneration and repair. This review outlines the recent advancements and mechanistic studies of LIPUS for treatment of common MSDs including fractures, nonunions, muscle injuries, and osteoarthritis, addressing also the technical parameters of commercially available LIPUS devices, current therapeutic approaches, the existing challenges, and future research directions.
Humans ; Ultrasonic Therapy/methods* ; Musculoskeletal Diseases/therapy* ; Ultrasonic Waves ; Osteoarthritis/therapy* ; Muscle, Skeletal/injuries*

The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI), especially generative AI (GenAI), has already brought, and will continue to bring, revolutionary changes to our daily production and life, as well as create new opportunities and challenges for diagnostic and therapeutic practices in the medical field. Haihe Hospital of Tianjin University collaborates with the National Supercomputer Center in Tianjin, Tianjin University, and other institutions to carry out research in areas such as smart healthcare, smart services, and smart management. We have conducted research and development of a full-process disease diagnosis and treatment assistance system based on GenAI in the field of smart healthcare. The development of this project is of great significance. The first goal is to upgrade and transform the hospital's information center, organically integrate it with existing information systems, and provide the necessary computing power storage support for intelligent services within the hospital. We have implemented the localized deployment of three models: Tianhe "Tianyuan", WiNGPT, and DeepSeek. The second is to create a digital avatar of the chief physician/chief physician's voice and image by integrating multimodal intelligent interaction technology. With generative intelligence as the core, this solution provides patients with a visual medical interaction solution. The third is to achieve deep adaptation between generative intelligence and the entire process of patient medical treatment. In this project, we have developed assistant tools such as intelligent inquiry, intelligent diagnosis and recognition, intelligent treatment plan generation, and intelligent assisted medical record generation to improve the safety, quality, and efficiency of the diagnosis and treatment process. This study introduces the content of a full-process disease diagnosis and treatment assistance system, aiming to provide references and insights for the digital transformation of the healthcare industry.
Artificial Intelligence ; Humans ; Delivery of Health Care ; Generative Artificial Intelligence

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the predictive value of sphinor kinase 1 (sphk1), D-lactic acid, and intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP) for gastrointestinal injury in patients with sepsis. METHODS: A prospective observational study was conducted. Sixty-eight patients with sepsis and gastrointestinal dysfunction admitted to the department of critical care medicine of the First Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology from May 2024 to March 2025 were enrolled (sepsis group), and they were divided into acute gastrointestinal injury (AGI) I-IV groups according to the definition and grading criteria of AGI proposed by the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine in 2012. Twenty non-sepsis patients without AGI admitted to the intensive care unit during the same period were enrolled as the control group (non-sepsis group). Within 30 minutes of patient enrollment, plasma sphk1, D-lactic acid, and I-FABP levels were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). General data such as gender, age were recorded, and levels of procalcitonin (PCT), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), lactic acid (Lac), and acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHEII), sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) were measured. Spearman method was used to analyze the correlation between sphk1, I-FABP, D-lactic acid and other indicators. The receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC curve) was used to evaluate the predictive value of sphk1, D-lactic acid, I-FABP, APACHEII score, and SOFA score for gastrointestinal injury in patients with sepsis. RESULTS: Among the 68 sepsis patients, 13 were classified as AGI grade I, 16 as AGI grade II, 23 as AGI grade III, and 16 had AGI grade IV. There were no statistically significant differences in gender, age, and abdominal infection rate among the groups. The SOFA score and APACHEII score of the sepsis group were significantly higher than those of the non-sepsis group; and the APACHEII score of the AGI IV group was significantly higher than that of the AGI I and AGI II groups. The levels of sphk1, D-lactic acid, I-FABP, PCT, Lac and hs-CRP in the sepsis group were significantly higher than those in the non-sepsis group, and each indicator gradually increased with the increase of AGI grade. Correlation analysis showed that plasma sphk1, D-lactic acid, and I-FABP in patients with sepsis-induced gastrointestinal injury were positively correlated with PCT, Lac, APACHEII score, and AGI grade (all P < 0.05), and sphk1 was positively correlated with I-FABP and D-lactic acid (r values were 0.773 and 0.782, respectively, both P < 0.05). ROC curve analysis showed that sphk1, D-lactic acid, I-FABP, APACHEII score, and SOFA score had high predictive value for gastrointestinal injury in patients with sepsis, with area under the curve (AUC) of 0.996, 0.987, 0.976, 0.901, and 0.934 (all P < 0.05). When the optimal cut-off value of sphk1 was 60.46 ng/L, the sensitivity and specificity were 95.6% and 100%, respectively; when the optimal cut-off value of D-lactic acid was 1 454.3 μg/L, the sensitivity and specificity were 95.6% and 100%, respectively; when the optimal cut-off value of I-FABP was 0.91 ng/L, the sensitivity and specificity were 95.6% and 100%, respectively; when the optimal cut-off value of APACHEII score was 14.5, the sensitivity and specificity were 80.9% and 85.0%, respectively; when the optimal cut-off value of SOFA score was 3.5, the sensitivity and specificity were 85.3% and 95.0%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The levels of plasma sphk1, I-FABP, and D-lactic acid were significantly elevated in patients with sepsis and gastrointestinal injury. These indicators can serve as sensitive and relatively specific serological markers for early prediction of intestinal mucosal damage.
Humans ; Lactic Acid/blood* ; Fatty Acid-Binding Proteins/blood* ; Sepsis/complications* ; Prospective Studies ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Adult ; Aged ; Gastrointestinal Diseases/blood* ; Prognosis

Objective:To observe the effects of Mongolian medicine warm acupuncture treatment on the behavior and NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1, GSDMD, and inflammatory factors in hippocampus of the depression model rats; To explore the mechanism.Methods:Totally 40 male SD rats were divided into control group, model group, warm acupuncture group, and fluoxetine group using a random number table method, with 10 rats in each group. Except for the control group, chronic unpredictable stress models were established in all other groups. After 1 hour of daily stress stimulation, the warm acupuncture group received Mongolian medicine warm acupuncture intervention. The fluoxetine group was orally administered with 2.1 mg/kg fluoxetine hydrochloride, while the control group and model group were orally administered with equal volumes of distilled water once a day for 21 days. The body weight of rats was measured, and their behavior was evaluated by sugar water consumption test, open field test, and Morris water maze test. ELISA was used to measure the levels of IL-1 β, IL-18, IL-6, and TNF-α in the serum. Western blot and PCR were used to detect the protein and mRNA levels of NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1, GSDMD, and IL-1 in the hippocampus.Results:Compared with the model group, the warm acupuncture group and fluoxetine group showed an increase in body weight ( P<0.05), sugar water consumption ( P<0.05), vertical movement frequency and horizontal crossing grid number ( P<0.05), shortened escape latency ( P<0.05), and increased crossing platform frequency ( P<0.05); the levels of serum IL-1β, IL-18, TNF-α, and IL-6 decreased ( P<0.05); the protein and mRNA expressions of NLRP3, Caspase-1, ASC, GSDMD, IL-1β in the hippocampus of rats decreased ( P<0.05). Conclusion:Mongolian medicine warm acupuncture can prevent depressive behaviors in rats by reducing NLRP3-mediated cell death and inflammation.

Background::Gastric cancer (GC), a malignant tumor with poor prognosis, is one of the leading causes of cancer-related deaths worldwide; consequently, identifying novel therapeutic targets is crucial for its corresponding treatment. NUF2, a component of the NDC80 kinetochore complex, promotes cancer progression in multiple malignancies. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the potential of NUF2 as a therapeutic target to inhibit GC progression. Methods::Clinical samples were obtained from patients who underwent radical resection of GC at Lanzhou University Second Hospital from 2016 to 2021. Cell count assays, colony formation assays, and cell-derived xenotransplantation (CDX) models were used to determine the effects of NUF2 on GC progression. Flow cytometry was used to detect the effect of NUF2 or quercetin on cell cycle progression and apoptosis. A live-cell time-lapse imaging assay was performed to determine the effect of NUF2 on the regulation of mitotic progression. Transcriptomics was used to investigate the NUF2-associated molecular mechanisms. Virtual docking and microscale thermophoresis were used to identify NUF2 inhibitors. Finally, CDX, organoid, and patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models were used to examine the efficacy of the NUF2 inhibitor in GC. Results::NUF2 expression was significantly increased in GC and was negatively correlated with prognosis. The deletion of NUF2 suppressed GC progression both in vivo and in vitro. NUF2 significantly regulated the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, promoted G2/M phase transition, and inhibited apoptosis in GC cells. Additionally, quercetin was identified as a selective NUF2 inhibitor with low toxicity that significantly suppressed tumor growth in GC cells, organoids, CDX, and PDX models. Conclusions::Collectively, NUF2-mediated G2/M phase transition and apoptosis inhibition promoted GC progression; additionally, NUF2 inhibitors exhibited potent anti-GC activity. This study provides a new strategy for targeting NUF2 to suppress GC progression in clinical settings.

Background::Renal ischemia-reperfusion (R-I/R) injury is the most prevalent cause of acute kidney injury, with high mortality and poor prognosis. However, the underlying pathological mechanisms are not yet fully understood. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the role of N-myc downstream-regulated gene 2 ( Ndrg2) in R-I/R injury. Methods::We examined the expression of Ndrg2 in the kidney under normal physiological conditions and after R-I/R injury by immunofluorescence staining, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and western blotting. We then detected R-I/R injury in Ndrg2-deficient ( Ndrg2-/-) mice and wild type ( Ndrg2+/+) littermates in vivo, and detected oxygen and glucose deprivation and reperfusion (OGD-R) injury in HK-2 cells. We further conducted transcriptomic sequencing to investigate the role of Ndrg2 in R-I/R injury and detected levels of oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage by dihydroethidium staining, biochemical assays, and western blot. Finally, we measured the levels of mitophagy in Ndrg2+/+ and Ndrg2-/- mice after R-I/R injury or HK-2 cells in OGD-R injury. Results::Ndrg2 was primarily expressed in renal proximal tubules and its expression was significantly decreased 24 h after R-I/R injury. Ndrg2-/- mice exhibited significantly attenuated R-I/R injury compared to Ndrg2+/+ mice. Transcriptomics profiling showed that Ndrg2 deficiency induced perturbations of multiple signaling pathways, downregulated inflammatory responses and oxidative stress, and increased autophagy following R-I/R injury. Further studies revealed that Ndrg2 deficiency reduced oxidative stress and mitochondrial damage. Notably, Ndrg2 deficiency significantly activated phosphatase and tensin homologue on chromosome ten-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1)/Parkin-mediated mitophagy. The downregulation of NDRG2 expression significantly increased cell viability after OGD-R injury, increased the expression of heme oxygenase-1, decreased the expression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase 4, and increased the expression of the PINK1/Parkin pathway. Conclusion::Ndrg2 deficiency might become a therapy target for R-I/R injury by decreasing oxidative stress, maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis, and activating PINK1/Parkin-mediated mitophagy.

Bladder cancer （BCa） is the most common malignant tumor of the urinary system， and its incidence is increasing year by year. At present， for all patients with resectable non-metastatic muscle-invasive BCa， radical cystectomy + bilateral pelvic lymph node dissection is strongly recommended， but they still face the risk of recurrence， metastasis and death. In recent years， the proportion of patients with advanced and metastatic BCa is increasing among patients with newly diagnosed BCa. Although current treatment models are diverse， they often struggle to achieve significant efficacy due to their low effectiveness and adverse effects， resulting in low survival rates for patients with advanced and metastatic BCa. Therefore， the treatment of BCa still faces great challenges， and there is an urgent need to discover an effective new antitumor drug. With the improvement of medical standards， traditional Chinese medicine has shown great advantages in the treatment of BCa. Traditional Chinese medicine is mild and easy to accept， and can inhibit tumor progression through a multi-pathway， multi-way and multi-target manner， so as to exert its anticancer effect. Taraxaci Herba is a medicinal and food homologous plant， which has many biological activities， such as antibacterial， anti-inflammatory， anti-oxidation， anti-tumor， protecting liver and gallbladder， reducing blood sugar and enhancing immunity， and it has shown a clear anticancer effect in breast cancer， liver cancer， gastric cancer， tongue cancer and lung cancer. By reviewing previous studies worldwide， this article summarizes the mechanism of Taraxaci Herba extract in inducing autophagy and apoptosis， inhibiting cell migration and invasion， regulating cell cycle and proliferation， regulating cell metabolism， inhibiting tumor angiogenesis， combining the effects of chemotherapeutic drugs， and regulating the transduction of related signal pathways. On this basis， this study systematically elaborates on the potential mechanism of Taraxaci Herba against BCa， in order to provide a theoretical basis for the research and treatment of BCa.

The COVID-19 epidemic has spread to the whole world for three years and has had a serious impact on human life, health and economic activities. China's epidemic prevention and control has gone through the following stages: emergency unconventional stage, emergency normalization stage, and the transitional stage from the emergency normalization to the "Category B infectious disease treated as Category B" normalization, and achieved a major and decisive victory. The designated hospitals for prevention and control of COVID-19 epidemic in Tianjin has successfully completed its tasks in all stages of epidemic prevention and control, and has accumulated valuable experience. This article summarizes the experience of constructing a hospital infection prevention and control system during the "Category B infectious disease treated as Category A" period in designated hospital. The experience is summarized as the "Cluster" hospital infection prevention and control system, namely "three rings" outside, middle and inside, "three districts" of green, orange and red, "three things" before, during and after the event, "two-day pre-purification" and "two-director system", and "one zone" management. In emergency situations, we adopt a simplified version of the cluster hospital infection prevention and control system. In emergency situations, a simplified version of the "Cluster" hospital infection prevention and control system can be adopted. This system has the following characteristics: firstly, the system emphasizes the characteristics of "cluster" and the overall management of key measures to avoid any shortcomings. The second, it emphasizes the transformation of infection control concepts to maximize the safety of medical services through infection control. The third, it emphasizes the optimization of the process. The prevention and control measures should be comprehensive and focused, while also preventing excessive use. The measures emphasize the use of the least resources to achieve the best infection control effect. The fourth, it emphasizes the quality control work of infection control, pays attention to the importance of the process, and advocates the concept of "system slimming, process fattening". Fifthly, it emphasizes that the future development depends on artificial intelligence, in order to improve the quality and efficiency of prevention and control to the greatest extent. Sixth, hospitals need to strengthen continuous training and retraining. We utilize diverse training methods, including artificial intelligence, to ensure that infection control policies and procedures are simple. We have established an evaluation and feedback mechanism to ensure that medical personnel are in an emergency state at all times.