Trichinella spiralis zinc metalloproteinase NAS-36 gene(TsNas36)is a member of the zinc metalloproteinase family found in excretory secretory products(ESP)of T.spiralis.In this study,TsNas36 gene was cloned and expressed,and its biological characteristics and temporal and spatial characteristics were identified.These results provide a theoretical and material basis for ex-ploring the biological function of TsNas36 gene.Bioinformatics analysis showed that TsNas36 was 470 amino acids(AA)in length with a molecular weight of about 54.69 kDa,no transmembrane region,and contained a signal peptide(1-20 AA),an Astacins domain(116-320 AA)and a CUB domain(355-470 AA).There were five active site residues located at amino acids 216(His),217(Glu),220(His),226(His)and 275(Tyr).The expression plasmid pET-28a(+)/TsNas36 was constructed and induced to express in E.coli BL21(DE3)to obtain the recombinant protein rTs-Nas36.The recombinant protein was used to immunize rabbits to obtain anti-rTsNas36 polyclonal antibody serum.Indirect ELISA results showed that the antibody titer reached 1∶105.qRT-PCR and Western blot results showed that the transcription levels of TsNas36 were significantly higher in newborn larvae(NBL)than in adult worm(AW)and muscle larva(ML)stages.Immunofluo-rescence results showed that TsNas36 was only localized in the epidermis of NBL.In summary,this study characterized the biological characteristics of the TsNas36 gene and found that this gene is highly period-specific and may be involved in the unique developmental process of NBL.

Objective To analyze challenges in translating exercise management evidence for patients with metabolism-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD),develop actionable strategies,and evaluate the application of best evidence.Methods Utilizing the evidence translation model,the best evidence was implemented for MAFLD patients in 4 phases:evidence acquisition,baseline practice review,intervention,and outcome evaluation.We compared the knowledge of exercise management evidence,implementation rates of review indicators,completion of exercise programs,BMI,liver stiffness measurement,controlled attenuation parameters,and patient satisfaction among medical staff at a tertiary hospital in Fujian Province during baseline(March-May 2023),mid-practice(June-August 2023),and late-practice(September-November 2023)phases.Results A total of 88 patients were included at baseline review,95 during mid-practice,and 107 in late-practice.Significant improvements were observed in the implementation rates of 21 review indicators,nurses'knowledge,completion rate,BMI,and controlled attenuation parameters compared to the data at baseline(P＜0.05).Conclusion The application of best evidence in exercise management for MAFLD patients enhances nurses'knowledge,standardizes nursing practices,and reduces patients'BMI and controlled attenuation parameters.

Trichinella spiralis zinc metalloproteinase NAS-36 gene(TsNas36)is a member of the zinc metalloproteinase family found in excretory secretory products(ESP)of T.spiralis.In this study,TsNas36 gene was cloned and expressed,and its biological characteristics and temporal and spatial characteristics were identified.These results provide a theoretical and material basis for ex-ploring the biological function of TsNas36 gene.Bioinformatics analysis showed that TsNas36 was 470 amino acids(AA)in length with a molecular weight of about 54.69 kDa,no transmembrane region,and contained a signal peptide(1-20 AA),an Astacins domain(116-320 AA)and a CUB domain(355-470 AA).There were five active site residues located at amino acids 216(His),217(Glu),220(His),226(His)and 275(Tyr).The expression plasmid pET-28a(+)/TsNas36 was constructed and induced to express in E.coli BL21(DE3)to obtain the recombinant protein rTs-Nas36.The recombinant protein was used to immunize rabbits to obtain anti-rTsNas36 polyclonal antibody serum.Indirect ELISA results showed that the antibody titer reached 1∶105.qRT-PCR and Western blot results showed that the transcription levels of TsNas36 were significantly higher in newborn larvae(NBL)than in adult worm(AW)and muscle larva(ML)stages.Immunofluo-rescence results showed that TsNas36 was only localized in the epidermis of NBL.In summary,this study characterized the biological characteristics of the TsNas36 gene and found that this gene is highly period-specific and may be involved in the unique developmental process of NBL.

Objective To analyze challenges in translating exercise management evidence for patients with metabolism-associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD),develop actionable strategies,and evaluate the application of best evidence.Methods Utilizing the evidence translation model,the best evidence was implemented for MAFLD patients in 4 phases:evidence acquisition,baseline practice review,intervention,and outcome evaluation.We compared the knowledge of exercise management evidence,implementation rates of review indicators,completion of exercise programs,BMI,liver stiffness measurement,controlled attenuation parameters,and patient satisfaction among medical staff at a tertiary hospital in Fujian Province during baseline(March-May 2023),mid-practice(June-August 2023),and late-practice(September-November 2023)phases.Results A total of 88 patients were included at baseline review,95 during mid-practice,and 107 in late-practice.Significant improvements were observed in the implementation rates of 21 review indicators,nurses'knowledge,completion rate,BMI,and controlled attenuation parameters compared to the data at baseline(P＜0.05).Conclusion The application of best evidence in exercise management for MAFLD patients enhances nurses'knowledge,standardizes nursing practices,and reduces patients'BMI and controlled attenuation parameters.

Objectives:To explore the trend of the burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in adult Chinese population attributed to high body mass index (BMI) from 1990 to 2021,identify key populations requiring for BMI control,and provide scientific evidence for developing targeted intervention strategies.Methods:Based on the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 database,we compared the age-standardized disability-adjusted life years (DALY) rates and age-standardized mortality rates of CVD attributed to high BMI for the adult population aged ≥20 years in China,globally,and in the United States,the United Kingdom,Japan,and India from 1990 to 2021.Additionally,the results were stratified by sex and age to compare the trends of disease burden in China and globally.Results:From 1990 to 2021,the average annual percentage change (AAPC) in age-standardized DALY rate and age-standardized mortality rate for CVD attributable to high BMI for the population aged ≥20 years in China was 1.08 (95％CI:1.05 to 1.11) and 1.00 (95％CI:0.96 to 1.03),respectively.Throughout the 32-year period,both rates were consistently lower than those in the United States and the global average,but higher than those in India and Japan.Meanwhile,England experienced a continuous decline,with corresponding data of-3.02 (95％CI:-3.10 to-2.96) for AAPC in age-standardized DALY rates and-3.02 (95％CI:-3.11 to-2.95) for AAPC in age-standardized mortality rates,respectively.The age-standardized DALY rate attributed to high BMI for adult males in China was consistently higher than those for females,whereas the percentage of DALY showed the opposite trend,with females surpassing males.The age-standardized DALY rates for the population aged ≥20 years attributed to high BMI in China increased continuously,and the percentage of DALY increased sharply in population aged 20-39,the level of 2021 was more than three times higher as compared to 1990.Conclusions:The increasing proportion of overweight and obese individuals in China,along with the resulting rise in the prevalence and mortality of cardiovascular diseases,has led to a continuous increase in the cardiovascular disease burden.It is therefore particularly important to implement effective public health interventions to control overweight in the young and middle-aged population to reduce the burden of cardiovascular disease in China.

Objectives:To explore the trend of the burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in adult Chinese population attributed to high body mass index (BMI) from 1990 to 2021,identify key populations requiring for BMI control,and provide scientific evidence for developing targeted intervention strategies.Methods:Based on the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 database,we compared the age-standardized disability-adjusted life years (DALY) rates and age-standardized mortality rates of CVD attributed to high BMI for the adult population aged ≥20 years in China,globally,and in the United States,the United Kingdom,Japan,and India from 1990 to 2021.Additionally,the results were stratified by sex and age to compare the trends of disease burden in China and globally.Results:From 1990 to 2021,the average annual percentage change (AAPC) in age-standardized DALY rate and age-standardized mortality rate for CVD attributable to high BMI for the population aged ≥20 years in China was 1.08 (95％CI:1.05 to 1.11) and 1.00 (95％CI:0.96 to 1.03),respectively.Throughout the 32-year period,both rates were consistently lower than those in the United States and the global average,but higher than those in India and Japan.Meanwhile,England experienced a continuous decline,with corresponding data of-3.02 (95％CI:-3.10 to-2.96) for AAPC in age-standardized DALY rates and-3.02 (95％CI:-3.11 to-2.95) for AAPC in age-standardized mortality rates,respectively.The age-standardized DALY rate attributed to high BMI for adult males in China was consistently higher than those for females,whereas the percentage of DALY showed the opposite trend,with females surpassing males.The age-standardized DALY rates for the population aged ≥20 years attributed to high BMI in China increased continuously,and the percentage of DALY increased sharply in population aged 20-39,the level of 2021 was more than three times higher as compared to 1990.Conclusions:The increasing proportion of overweight and obese individuals in China,along with the resulting rise in the prevalence and mortality of cardiovascular diseases,has led to a continuous increase in the cardiovascular disease burden.It is therefore particularly important to implement effective public health interventions to control overweight in the young and middle-aged population to reduce the burden of cardiovascular disease in China.

Poly adenosine diphosphate ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors lead to synthetic lethality in homologous recombination repair-deficient (HRD) tumors by inhibiting DNA damage repair. Two PARP inhibitors, olaparib and talazoparib, have been approved for the salvage treatment of breast cancer susceptibility gene (BRCA) mutation, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) negative advanced breast cancer, and adjuvant treatment of early breast cancer. PAPR inhibitor single agent shows good antitumor activity and controllable safety. A number of clinical studies on PAPR inhibitors combined with chemotherapy, radiotherapy, antiangiogenic therapy and immunotherapy are being carried out. The indications of PARP inhibitors also extend from BRCA mutation to HRD, from ovarian cancer and breast cancer to other solid tumors, promising to benefit more patients in the future.

Antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) combine the high specificity of monoclonal antibodies with the high anti-tumor activity of small molecular cytotoxic payloads. The anti-tumor activity of ADCs is mainly achieved by the direct blocking of the receptor by monoclonal antibodies, direct action and bystander effect of cytotoxic drugs, and antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and complement-dependent cytotoxicity. ADCs have been used in adjuvant therapy and rescue treatment of human epidermal receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer, greatly improving the prognosis of breast cancer patients. Several ongoing clinical trials of ADC for breast cancer and other solid tumors proved the potential of ADCs will provide more promising treatment options for patients with malignant tumors. This review introduces the mechanism and latest clinical progress of ADC drugs approved for HER2-positive breast cancer to guide clinical practice and conduct research.
Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use* ; Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/therapeutic use* ; Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy* ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoconjugates/therapeutic use* ; Receptor, ErbB-2

The increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide levels have been correlated with global warming. Carbonic anhydrases (CA) are the fastest among the known enzymes to improve carbon capture. The capture of carbon dioxide needs high temperature and alkaline condition, which is necessary for CaCO₃ precipitation in the mineralization process. In order to use CAs for biomimetic carbon sequestration, thermo-alkali-stable CAs are, therefore, essential, and polyextremophilic microbes are one of the important sources of these enzymes. The current review focuses on both those isolated by thermophilic organisms from the extreme environments and those obtained by protein engineering techniques, and the industrial application of the immobilized CAs is also briefly addressed. To reduce the greenhouse effect and delay global warming, we think further research efforts should be devoted to broadening the scope of searching for carbonic anhydrase, modifying the technology of protein engineering and developing highly efficient immobilization strategies.
Biomimetics ; Carbon Dioxide ; Carbon Sequestration ; Carbonic Anhydrases ; Protein Engineering

Objective To optimize the HT22 cell oxygen-glucose deprivation/re-oxygenation models in hippocampal neurons of mice,discuss the basis of model establishment and test the related parameters.Methods HT22 cell growth curve was plotted by cell counting and cell doubling time was calculated,and then,the oxygen-glucose deprivation time and re-oxygenation time were determined by LDH assay.The CCK-8 assay,cell counting,cell morphology and flow cytometry were performed to further optimize the parameters of the models.Results The HT22 cell doubling time was 17 h 18 min.The oxygen-glucose deprivation time was 18 h and the re-oxygenation was 20 h.CCK-8 assay indicated that absorbance in cells of oxygen-glucose deprivation 18 h/re-oxygenation 20 h (OGD 18 h/R20 h) group was 0.334±0.138,which was significantly lower than that in the control group (0.756±0.026,P＜0.05);cells in the OGD18 b./R20 h group were shrank obviously.Flow cytometry indicated that the percentage of cells in terminal apoptosis or non-viable non-apoptotic cells was 24.56％±5.76％ and that of viable apoptotic cells was 2.63％±0.55％ in the OGD18 h/R20 h group,which were significantly higher than those in the control group,respectively (8.13％±0.87％ and 0.80％±0.10％,/P＜0.05).Conclusion The HT22 cell oxygen-glucose deprivation/re-oxygenation models are successfully established;both oxygen-glucose deprivation time and re-oxygenation time are related to the cell doubling time,and OGD18 h/R20 h can preferably help the establishment;.