With the growing emphasis on maternal and child oral health, the significance of managing oral health across preconception, pregnancy, and infancy stages has become increasingly apparent. Oral health challenges extend beyond affecting maternal well-being, exerting profound influences on fetal and neonatal oral development as well as immune system maturation. This expert consensus paper, developed using a modified Delphi method, reviews current research and provides recommendations on maternal and child oral health management. It underscores the critical role of comprehensive oral assessments prior to conception, diligent oral health management throughout pregnancy, and meticulous oral hygiene practices during infancy. Effective strategies should be seamlessly integrated across the life course, encompassing preconception oral assessments, systematic dental care during pregnancy, and routine infant oral hygiene. Collaborative efforts among pediatric dentists, maternal and child health workers, and obstetricians are crucial to improving outcomes and fostering clinical research, contributing to evidence-based health management strategies.
Humans ; Pregnancy ; Female ; Infant ; Consensus ; Mouth Diseases/therapy* ; Pregnancy Complications/therapy* ; Oral Health ; Infant, Newborn ; Delphi Technique ; Oral Hygiene

AIM: To investigate the effects of 0.01% atropine eye drops on macular blood flow density and retinal thickness in children with different degrees of myopia. METHODS: This was a prospective case-control study. Sixty-four patients (112 eyes) diagnosed with myopia for the first time with 0.01% atropine eye drops before and 6 months after medication were investigated with the uncorrected distance visual acuity (UCVA), axial length (AL), spherical equivalent (SE), macular ganglion cell-inner plexiform layer thicknes (mGCIPL) using slit lamp examination and optical coherence tomography (OCT), vascular density in the macular area and the area of the avascular in the fovea using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) . Changes in various indicators before and after medication were compared. RESULTS: Compared with before medication, the AL of the three groups of myopia patients increased significantly (P<0.01), the difference in low to moderate myopia group was significantly smaller than that in high myopia group. Compared with before medication, SE increased in all three groups of myopia patients, yet there was no statistically significant difference in the low - grade myopia group (P>0.05). The difference was statistically significant between the moderate myopia group and the high myopia group (P< 0.01). Compared with before medication, there was no change in intraocular pressure (IOP) among the three groups of myopic patients (P>0.05). After 6 months of medication, the central circle macular vessel density (cCVD) increased in the low myopia group and moderate myopia group (P<0.01), there was no statistically significant difference in the high myopia group (P>0.05). Before and after medication, there was no significant difference in outer circle macular vessel density (oCVD), inner circle macular vessel density (iCVD), and whole circle macular vessel density (wCVD) among the three myopia groups (P>0.05). The increase in mGCIPL was statistically significant in the low myopia group (P<0.01), but there was no statistically significant difference in the moderate myopia and high myopia groups (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in foveal avascular zone (FAZ) among the three myopia groups before and after medication (P>0.05). There was no correlation between CVD, AL, and SE in the three myopia groups (P>0.01). There was a low correlation between CVD and mGCIPL in the low myopia group (r=0.442, P<0.05), there was no correlation between CVD and mGCIPL in the moderate myopia and high myopia groups (P >0.01). CONCLUSION: 0.01% atropine can significantly reduce the rate of axial and refractive growth in children with low to moderate myopia, increase the density of central macular vessels, and increase the thickness of mGCIPL in children with low to moderate myopia.

Objective: To explore the longitudinal correlation between smartphone multitasking and depressive symptoms, so as to provide an evidence based basis for promoting the mental health of college students. Methods: A total of 967 college students were recruited from one university in Taiyuan, Chongqing, and Shenzhen cities, China, by using multi stage randomized cluster sampling from October to December 2021 at baseline, and a follow up survey was conducted in May 2022. Smartphone multitasking behaviors were assessed by means of the Assessment of Smartphone Multitasking for Adolescents (ASMA), and depressive symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) among college students. Chi square tests were performed to compare the differences in depressive symptoms between different groups of demographic characteristics, and binary Logistic regression models were employed to analyze the associations between smartphone multitasking and depressive symptoms among college students. Results: The rates of depressive symptoms among college students at baseline and follow up were 35.2% and 42.3%, respectively. Compared to the low level smartphone multitasking index group at baseline, the moderate and high level groups were more likely to experience depressive symptoms at baseline (moderate level group: OR=1.74, 95%CI =1.22-2.50, high level group: OR=2.77, 95%CI =1.94-3.95) and followup (moderate level group: OR=1.41, 95%CI =1.01-1.95, high level group: OR=1.64, 95%CI =1.17-2.29) ( P <0.05). In addition, compared to the persistently low smartphone multitasking index, increased risk of depressive symptoms was associated with maintaining a moderate to high ( OR=2.94, 95%CI =1.83-4.71), and a higher ( OR=2.07, 95%CI =1.31-3.27) or lower smartphone multitasking index ( OR=2.02, 95%CI =1.27-3.19) ( P <0.05). Moreover, higher smartphone multitasking index scores were positively associated with the risk of new-onset depressive symptoms at follow up ( OR=1.87, 95%CI=1.07-3.27, P <0.05). Conclusions Smartphone multitasking behaviors are find to be associated with an increased risk of depressive symptoms in college students. There is a need to reduce smartphone multitasking in order to decrease depressive symptoms and promote students mental health.

BACKGROUND:At present,nanocomposite gelatin methacryloyl hydrogels have been extensively studied in bone tissue engineering. OBJECTIVE:To review the latest research progress of nanocomposite gelatin methacryloyl hydrogels,and introduce the application of nanocomposite gelatin methacryloyl hydrogels in different bone defect environments. METHODS:The computer retrieval was conducted for relevant literature published in CNKI,WanFang,PubMed,and Web of Science databases from 2016 to 2023.The Chinese and English search terms were"gelatin,methacryl*,nano*,bone,bone tissue engineering,bone regeneration,osteogenesis". RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)Up to now,inorganic nanomaterials,organic nanomaterials and organic-inorganic hybrid nanomaterials are the main nanomaterials used as fillers for gelatin methacryloyl.(2)Inorganic nanomaterials enhance the mechanical strength of gelatin methacryloyl,improve its thixotropic properties and degradation rate,and realize the antibacterial,osteogenic,immunoregulatory,angiogenic and other functions of gelatin methacryloyl hydrogel through its surface charge regulation,drug/factor loading,metal ion self-degradation release,etc.(3)Organic nanomaterial and organic-inorganic hybrid nanomaterial composite gelatin methacryloyl hydrogel are two emerging materials.At present,there are relatively few studies,but from the published research,compared with inorganic nanomaterial gelatin methacryloyl hydrogel,organic nanomaterial gelatin methacryloyl hydrogel has better biocompatibility and drug-loading performance.The interaction between nano phase and organic polymer phase is stronger,and the dispersion of nano particles is better.(4)Organic-inorganic hybrid nanomaterial composite gelatin methacryloyl combines the advantages of the previous two,and has better controllability of metal ion release,which proves great research potential.(5)Nanomaterials can enhance the antibacterial,immune regulation,osteogenesis and other biological properties of gelatin methacryloyl,so as to promote bone regeneration in the complex bone defect microenvironment,such as infected bone defect,diabetes,osteosarcoma resection and so on.However,the relevant research of nanocomposite gelatin methacryloyl hydrogel in bone repair is still limited to animal experiments.Further safety testing and clinical studies are still needed.

Objective To observe the effects of Daizong Prescription on glycogen metabolism in adipose tissue of obese mice;To explore its regulatory mechanism in activating browning in the white adipose tissue.Methods A obesity model was established by feeding high-fat diet to C57BL/6J mice.The obese mice were divided into model group,metformin group(0.15 g/kg),and Daizong Prescription low-(0.20 g/kg)and high-dosage(0.40 g/kg)groups.Mice fed a standard diet were set as the normal group,with 12 mice in each group.Each medication group was given corresponding drugs by gavage for 6 consecutive weeks.Body mass and fasting blood glucose were monitored,serum triglycerides(TG),total cholesterol(TC),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)contents were measured.Brown adipose tissue from the interscapular region and white adipose tissue from the inguinal,perirenal and epididymal region were collected,the adipose tissue mass was measured,and the body fat coefficient was calculated.HE staining was performed to observe morphological changes in adipose tissue,PAS staining was used to observe glycogen distribution in adipose tissue,immunohistochemistry staining was performed to detect the expressions of Gys2,Ppp1r3c,and GSK-3β in inguinal white adipose tissue.Results Compared with the normal group,the body mass and fasting blood glucose in different time points of the model group significant increase(P<0.05,P<0.01),and serum TC and HDL-C contents significantly increased(P<0.01);the mass and body fat coefficient of white adipose tissue in inguinal,perirenal,and epididymis significantly increased(P<0.01),the cells in white adipose tissue in inguinal were hypertrophic and appeared as large vacuoles,with less glycogen accumulation,the expressions of Gys2 and Ppp1r3c significantly decreased(P<0.01).Compared with the model group,the mice in Daizong Prescription high-dosage group showed a significant decrease in body mass and fasting blood glucose at 4 and 6 weeks of administration(P<0.05,P<0.01),and the contents of serum TG,TC,HDL-C,and LDL-C were significantly decreased(P<0.01);the mass and body fat coefficient in white adipose tissue of perirenal and epididymal significantly decreased(P<0.05,P<0.01),and the mass of inguinal white adipose tissue significantly decreased(P<0.05),multiple irregularly shaped small vacuoles could be seen in inguinal white adipose tissue,accompanied by nuclear aggregation and increased glycogen accumulation,the expressions of Gys2 and Ppp1r3c significantly increased(P<0.01).There was no significant difference in the expression of GSK-3β inguinal white adipose tissue of mice among the groups.Conclusion Daizong Prescription can increase the activity of Gys2 by upregulating the expression of Ppp1r3c,promote glycogen synthesis,induce browning of adipose tissue,increase fat heat production,and improve obesity and related disorders of glycolipid metabolism.

Objective:To compare the mid-term clinical effects of AngioJet rheolytic thrombectomy assisted catheter-directed thrombolysis (ART+CDT) with catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT) in the treatment of acute deep venous thrombosis of lower extremities.Methods:Ninety-one patients admitted to the Department from Jan 2016 to Dec 2017 were placed with inferior vena cava filters and divided into ART+CDT group (30 cases)and CDT group (61 cases). Total urokinase dosge, thrombolytic time, operative cost, length of hospital stay, detumescence rate, thrombus clearance rate, cumulative patency rate of lower limb veins, Villalta score at 2 years and 5 years, thrombosis recurrence rate and chronic venous insufficiency quality of life questionnaire were compared between the two groups.Results:The success rate of surgery was 100% in both groups, there was no mortality. There were significant differences in the short-term postoperative outcomes between the two groups in terms of total dosage of urokinase, thrombolysis time, total cost of surgery, length of hospital stay, detumescence rate, venous patency scores before and after treatment, and venous patency rate (all P<0.05). For the mid- and long-term postoperative outcomes of 2 and 5 years, there were no significant differences in the incidence of PTS, recurrence rate of thrombus, chronic venous function scale, and cumulative patency rate at 2 years (all P>0.05). Conclusions:ART+CDT has a significant advantage over CDT alone in terms of early efficacy and early reopening of blood flow in patients. Both ART+CDT and CDT have a low incidence of PTS and a low recurrence rate of thrombus in the mid-term follow-up, and both have satisfactory performance in the mid- and long-term efficacy of interventional treatment of deep venous thrombosis of lower limbs.

Hepatocellular carcinoma （HCC） is the sixth most common cancer in the world. In recent years， the clinical early diagnosis and treatment protocols of HCC have been improved， whereas the prognosis of patients is still not satisfactory， which is due to the fact that the mechanism of HCC development has not been fully elucidated. Therefore， it is of great significance to explore the molecular mechanisms and key regulatory links of hepatocellular carcinoma development to further improve the diagnosis and treatment of HCC in China. Epigenetics has become a research hotspot because of its reversibility and easy regulation. According to relevant studies， HCC involves the accumulation of multiple genetic and epigenetic changes during the initiation， promotion， and progression stages. HCC is categorized as infantile malnutrition with accumulation， hypochondriac pain， tympan ites， and abdominal mass in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. In the treatment of HCC， TCM with low toxicity， multi-targets， and multi-mechanisms can inhibit tumor growth， alleviate the clinical symptoms， and enhance the quality of life of the patients. Chinese medicines and their active ingredients exert anti-HCC effects through epigenetic regulation of DNA methylation， histone modification， and non-coding RNA. Abnormal gene expression due to epigenetic regulation disorders is involved in all stages of HCC development. There are few studies on epigenetic regulation in TCM treatment of HCC， and there is still much room for development in basic and clinical trials. This paper reviews the mechanism of epigenetic regulation in HCC and summarizes the experimental results of TCM research on the related mechanism， with a view to providing a theoretical basis for future research on the mechanism of HCC development and clinical diagnosis and treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma with TCM.

Objective:Explore the expression pattern of transcription factor activator protein 2C (TFAP2C) and identify the roles of Tfap2c during tooth development.Methods:Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) was used to analyze the relative expression level of Tfap2c in various organs of embryonic day(E)14.5 mouse embryos and mouse molar germs at E12.5-E18.5 and postnatal day (P)0-P7. The expression position of Tfap2c in mouse molar germs was demonstrated by frozen section immunofluorescence staining. Cultured mandibular molar germs were transfected with control small interfering RNA (siRNA) or Tfap2c siRNA to evaluate the effect of Tfap2c on tooth molar germs development, and RT-qPCR was used to detect the relative expression level of genes related to odontoblast expression. Dental mesenchymal cells were isolated from E14.5 molar germs and transfected with control siRNA or Tfap2c siRNA, cell counting kit 8 (CCK-8) and scratch healing test were applied to detect dental mesenchymal cell viability and migration.Results:Tfap2c was highly expressed in the early development period of mouse molar germs. Tfap2c was expressed in the epithelial and mesenchymal tissues of E13.5 mouse molar germs and there was no significant difference of relative expression of Tfap2c between them ( t=1.06, P=0.472). Tfap2c was expressed in mesenchymal tissues of E14.5 mouse molar germs and the relative expression of Tfap2c in mesenchymal tissues was significantly higher than epithelial tissues ( t=37.29, P<0.0001). For molar germs transfected with Tfap2c siRNA, the relative height of cusps (0.708±0.171) and the ratio of cusp height and crown height (0.321±0.068) was significantly lower than control group (1.000±0.287 and 0.483±0.166) ( t=2.79, P=0.012; t=2.85, P=0.015). But there was no significant difference in relative height (1.078±0.206, 0.993±0.254, t=0.83, P=0.419)and relative width (1.000±0.116, 0.999±0.122, t=0.01, P=0.992) of crowns between two groups. The relative expression level of genes related to odontoblast expression was decreased (Dspp: t=15.33, P<0.001; Dmp1: t=13.81, P<0.001). Tfap2c siRNA hinders cell migration in dental mesenchymal cells ( t=29.86, P=0.001), but there was no significant difference in CCK-8 absorbance value between two groups. The relative expression level of genes related to odontoblast expression was also decreased in dental mesenchymal cells transfected with Tfap2c siRNA (Dspp: t=3.86, P=0.031; Dmp1; t=4.36, P=0.022). Conclusions:Tfap2c highly expressed in the early morphogenesis period of mouse molar germs, mainly in mesenchymal tissues. Tfap2c affected the cusps formation of mouse molar germs and migration of dental mesenchymal cells.

Objective:To understand the epidemiological characteristics of human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) among acute respiratory infection (ARI) cases in 16 provinces of China from 2009 to 2023.Methods:The data of this study were collected from the ARI surveillance data from 16 provinces in China from 2009 to 2023, with a total of 28 278 ARI cases included in the study. The clinical specimens from ARI cases were screened for HRSV nucleic acid from 2009 to 2023, and differences in virus detection rates among cases of different age groups, regions, and months were analyzed.Results:A total of 28 278 ARI cases were enrolled from January 2009 to September 2023. The age of the cases ranged from<1 month to 112 years, and the age M ( Q1, Q3) was 3 years (1 year, 9 years). Among them, 3 062 cases were positive for HRSV nucleic acid, with a total detection rate of 10.83%. From 2009 to 2019, the detection rate of HRSV was 9.33%, and the virus was mainly prevalent in winter and spring. During the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the detection rate of HRSV fluctuated between 6.32% and 18.67%. There was no traditional winter epidemic peak of HRSV from the end of 2022 to the beginning of 2023, and an anti-seasonal epidemic of HRSV occurred from April to May 2023. About 87.95% (2 693/3 062) of positive cases were children under 5 years old, and the difference in the detection rate of HRSV among different age groups was statistically significant ( P<0.001), showing a decreasing trend of HRSV detection rate with the increase of age ( P<0.001). Among them, the HRSV detection rate (25.69%) was highest in children under 6 months. Compared with 2009-2019, the ranking of HRSV detection rates in different age groups changed from high to low between 2020 and 2023, with the age M (Q1, Q3) of HRSV positive cases increasing from 1 year (6 months, 3 years) to 2 years (11 months, 3 years). Conclusion:Through 15 years of continuous HRSV surveillance analysis, children under 5 years old, especially infants under 6 months old, are the main high-risk population for HRSV infection. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the prevalence and patterns of HRSV in China have changed.

Objective:To understand the epidemiological characteristics of human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) among acute respiratory infection (ARI) cases in 16 provinces of China from 2009 to 2023.Methods:The data of this study were collected from the ARI surveillance data from 16 provinces in China from 2009 to 2023, with a total of 28 278 ARI cases included in the study. The clinical specimens from ARI cases were screened for HRSV nucleic acid from 2009 to 2023, and differences in virus detection rates among cases of different age groups, regions, and months were analyzed.Results:A total of 28 278 ARI cases were enrolled from January 2009 to September 2023. The age of the cases ranged from<1 month to 112 years, and the age M ( Q1, Q3) was 3 years (1 year, 9 years). Among them, 3 062 cases were positive for HRSV nucleic acid, with a total detection rate of 10.83%. From 2009 to 2019, the detection rate of HRSV was 9.33%, and the virus was mainly prevalent in winter and spring. During the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the detection rate of HRSV fluctuated between 6.32% and 18.67%. There was no traditional winter epidemic peak of HRSV from the end of 2022 to the beginning of 2023, and an anti-seasonal epidemic of HRSV occurred from April to May 2023. About 87.95% (2 693/3 062) of positive cases were children under 5 years old, and the difference in the detection rate of HRSV among different age groups was statistically significant ( P<0.001), showing a decreasing trend of HRSV detection rate with the increase of age ( P<0.001). Among them, the HRSV detection rate (25.69%) was highest in children under 6 months. Compared with 2009-2019, the ranking of HRSV detection rates in different age groups changed from high to low between 2020 and 2023, with the age M (Q1, Q3) of HRSV positive cases increasing from 1 year (6 months, 3 years) to 2 years (11 months, 3 years). Conclusion:Through 15 years of continuous HRSV surveillance analysis, children under 5 years old, especially infants under 6 months old, are the main high-risk population for HRSV infection. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the prevalence and patterns of HRSV in China have changed.