Objective: To determine the association between exposure to entertainment screen content on mobile phones and symptoms of anxiety-depression co-morbidity among college students,so as to provide evidence for mental health interventions. Methods: A baseline survey was conducted from April to May 2019. A total of 1 135 college students were selected from one university each in Shangrao City, Jiangxi Province and Hefei City, Anhui Province using cluster random sampling method. A follow up study was conducted in November 2019, resulting in 1 110 matched valid responses. Self rating questionnaires were used to assess the exposure of entertainment screen content. The Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21(DASS-21) and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) were used to evaluate the anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, and symptoms of anxiety-depression co-morbidity among college students. A multivariate binary Logistic regression model was constructed following initial intergroup comparisons with Chi-square test to determine the association between baseline exposure to mobile entertainment screen content and the risk of symptoms of anxiety depression co-morbidity at baseline and the 6 month follow up. Results: The prevalence rates of symptoms of anxiety-depression co-morbidity among college students were 25.4% and 20.6% at baseline and follow up, respectively.After adjusting for confounding factors such as gender, self rated family economic status and self rated health status, the results of multivariate binary Logistic regression analysis showed that compared with the appropriate exposure level group, the exposure of entertainment screen content on mobile phones at baseline, including frequent exposure to reading( OR =1.65,95% CI =1.14-2.39), occasional exposure to other entertainment screen content ( OR =1.46,95% CI =1.01-2.10)and frequent exposure to other entertainment screen content( OR =1.76,95% CI =1.20-2.60), increased the co-occurrence risk of symptoms of anxiety-depression co-morbidity among college students during the follow up period (all P <0.05). Conclusion Occasional or frequert exposure to mobile entertainment screen content can increase the risk of symptoms of anxiety depression co-morbidity among college students.

Objective: To investigate the association between screening detected myopia in primary school students and mixed exposure to air pollutants, so as to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of myopia in children and adolescents. Methods: From May to July 2023, a cluster random sampling method was used to select 15 102 primary school students in grades 3 through 6 from Hefei, Zhongshan, Shenyang, and Nanchang citys. Data were collected through questionnaires, distance vision screening, and computerized refraction. Monthly average concentration data for particulate matter (PM 10 ), fine particulate matter (PM 2. 5), NO 2 and SO 2 were used to calculate the annual average pollutant concentrations for primary school students. Quantile g computation model was employed to analyze the association between mixed exposure to air pollutants and screening detected myopia. Results: The differences in concentrations of the four pollutants among cities were statistically significant ( H =12 886.0, 13 285.0, 8 559.0, 13 181.0, all P <0.01). In the overall sample, there was no statistically significant association between combined exposure to air pollutants and the risk of myopia ( β=0.033, 95%CI=-0.004-0.072, P =0.08). Stratified analysis by outdoor activity time showed that among primary school students with outdoor activity time ≤1 h/d, mixed exposure to air pollutants was positively associated with the risk of myopia ( β=0.050, 95%CI=0.002-0.099, P =0.04); after stratification by city, combined exposure to air pollutants was significantly associated with the risk of myopia among primary school students in Nanchang and Shenyang [ β (95% CI )= 0.232(0.175-0.289), 0.080(0.006-0.155), both P <0.05], whereas no statistically significant association was observed among primary school students in Hefei and Zhongshan [ β (95% CI )=-0.010(-0.071-0.051), -0.032(-0.167-0.102), both P ＞ 0.05 ]. Conclusions Exposure to multiple air pollutants may increase the risk of myopia in primary school students, with the risk influenced by time spent outdoors and geographical location. It is recommended that outdoor activity management for children be strengthened in areas with higher air pollution levels, and that environmental factors be incorporated into comprehensive myopia prevention and control strategies.

Objective: To investigate the longitudinal association between biological rhythm trajectories and the risk of anxiety, depression, and comorbid symptoms among college students, so as to provide a cumulative empirical basis for early psychiatric tracking and mental health warning systems. Methods: Using random cluster sampling method, a baseline survey was conducted from April to May 2019. One comprehensive university and one medical university were selected in Shangrao City, Jiangxi Province, and Hefei City, Anhui Province, respectively. A total of 1 029 first year college students were recruited as study participants, and four waves of longitudinal follow up were carried out over a period of two years. The Self rating of Biological Rhythm Disorder for Adolescents was used to assess college students biological rhythms, and using the dynamic data from the first two follow ups to construct the trajectory of biological rhythm changes. Mental health outcomes (anxiety and depressive symptoms) at the end of the follow up period were assessed using Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 and Patient Health Questionnaire-9. Multivariable Logistic regression models were employed to evaluate the independent predictive value of distinct lifestyle rhythm trajectories on the detection risk of long term anxiety, depression, and their comorbid symptoms. Results: The prevalence rates of anxiety, depression, and comorbid symptoms among participants were 23.5%, 22.6%, and 16.7%, respectively. Multivariable Logistic regression analysis showed that, after adjusting for confounding factors such as sex, major, smoking, and alcohol consumption, compared with the persistent low risk reference group of overall biological rhythm, the persistent high risk trajectory group of overall assessment had an increased risk of anxiety symptoms( OR=3.87, 95%CI =2.45-6.11), depressive symptoms( OR=3.18, 95%CI =1.98-5.10), and comorbid symptoms( OR=2.43, 95%CI =1.46-4.04)(all P ＜0.05).Among college students in the elevated overall assessment risk group, the risks of anxiety symptoms ( OR=1.97, 95%CI =1.22-3.17), depressive symptoms ( OR=2.13, 95%CI =1.33-3.42), and comorbid symptoms ( OR=1.81, 95%CI =1.07-3.06) were also increased (all P < 0. 05), and the various risks in the group with increased risks were also higher than those in the group with consistently low risks. Conclusions The dynamic deterioration and persistent disruption of college students lifestyle and behavioral rhythms serve as strong early warning indicators for long term anxiety and depressive symptoms. Mental health screening in colleges and universities should incorporate multi timepoint dynamic tracking of behavioral rhythms, and circadian rhythm regulation should be regarded as a core target for group level mental health interventions.

Objective To compare blood flow velocity measurements obtained using two different color Doppler imaging(CDI)devices with linear probes of varying frequencies.Methods CDI measurements were performed in 99 eyes of 50 participants from Shenyang Aier Excellent Eye Hospital using two different CDI devices,Apogee Type3500 and Esaote MyLab 7 eHD.These measurements included peak systolic velocity(PSV),end-diastolic velocity(EDV),and resistance index(RI)of the ophthalmic artery(OA),central retinal artery(CRA),and short posterior ciliary arteries(SPCA).The differences in measurements between the two devices were analyzed using a paired t-test.The level of agreement between the two CDI devices was calculated using the Bland-Altman method,and the concordance correlation co-efficient(CCC)was calculated.Results There was a statistically significant difference between the two CDI devices in the PSV,EDV of the OA,CRA,and SPCA,and RI of the CRA and SPCA.The PSV and EDV of each vessel were higher in Apogee than in Esaote,and the RI of the CRA and SPCA were lower for Apogee than for Esaote(P＜0.05).The CCC demonstrated poor overall concordance ranging from 0.136 to 0.517.Conclusion The consistency of most measurements obtained from both devices is poor.CDI inter-device reproducibility is unreliable,even when the measurements are conducted consecutively by a single experienced ultrasonographer.

Objective This study analyzed the chemical structures of two unknown substances in e-liquid using methods such as nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR),infrared spectroscopy(IR),and mass spectrometry(MS).Methods After separating,purifying,and freeze-drying two suspicious substances from e-liquid,GC-MS analysis was used to obtain the mass spectrum characteristic ion fragments and fragmentation patterns of unknown compounds.The precise mass numbers were measured by high-resolution mass spectrometry,and proton numbers and their assignments,carbon types,and fluorine atom numbers and positions were obtained by combining 1HNMR,13CNMR,and 19FNMR.The functional groups were then analyzed by infrared spectroscopy.Results Through data analysis,the molecular formulas of the two suspicious substances are C13H13FN2O2 and C14H15FN2O2,respectively.Their structures were determined to be etomidate derivatives:1-(o-fluoromethylphenyl)imidazole-5-carboxylic acid methyl ester and 1-(o-fluoromethylphenyl)imidazole-5-carboxylic acid ethyl ester.Conclusion The structural data of two substances obtained in this study in terms of mass spectrometry,nuclear magnetic resonance,and infrared spectroscopy provide support for combating crimes involving the two substances,and provide reference for the regulation and detection of the two drugs.

Objective The study aimed to investigate whether montelukast sodium could alleviate airway inflammatory responses in asthmatic mice by affecting the PHD2/HIF-1α pathway.Methods An allergic asthma model was established by ovalbumin(OVA)induction,and 18 female BALB/c mice were randomly divided into a control group(Con group),an asthma group(OVA group),and an asthma group with montelukast sodium intervention(30 mg/kg montelukast sodium by oral administration 1 h before OVA challenge,Mon group).HE staining was used to analyze the pathological changes in the lungs of mice.Blood cell analyzer and kits were used to determine the number of inflammatory cells and the levels of cytokines,the content of lactic acid and pyruvic acid in the lungs,respectively.RT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression of HIF-1α,PHD2,E-cad and p120 in the lungs of mice.Results Compared with the Con group,there was a significant increase in the number of eosinophils,lymphocytes,neutrophils and monocytes,the levels of IL-5,IL-13,complement factor D(CFD)and contents of lactate and pyruvate in the lungs of mice in the OVA group.Lung HIF-1α,PHD2,p120 and E-cad mRNA levels were reduced,meanwhile HIF-1α and PHD2 protein expression were upregulated but E-cad and p120 protein expression were downregulated(all with P<0.05).After montelukast sodium intervention,the number of eosinophils and monocytes and CFD expression were significantly decreased in the lungs of Mon group,the contents of lactate and pyruvate were basically restored to normal,and the mRNA and protein expression of HIF-1α,PHD2,p120 and E-cad were effectively improved.Conclusion Montelukast sodium could alleviate the airway inflammatory responses in the lungs of asthmatic mice by regulating the PHD2/HIF-1α signaling pathway.

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus(PRRSV)mainly causes sow abor-tion,stillbirth,mummified fetus and respiratory symptoms in piglets.Since first reported in China in 1996,the virus complexity has increased significantly in more than 20 years of genetic evolution,bringing huge economic losses to the pig industry.In recent years,with the emergence of various PRRSV recombinant virus strains,preventing and controlling this epidemic became increasingly difficult.The purpose of this article is to comprehensively review the genome structure and func-tion of PRRSV,RNA virus recombination mechanism,main types of recombination,and the epi-demic status and recombination for the dominant epidemic PRRSV strains,in order to provide clues for in-depth research on gene recombination of PRRSV,thus providing the theoretical sup-port for formulating scientific prevention and control strategies.

Objective:Through the analysis of the detection results of hepatitis B virus (HBV) serological markers in the population admitted to Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University in recent five years, the prevalence and characteristics of HBV infection in our hospital were clarified.Methods:Cross-sectional study was conducted. A total of 1 017 030 patients who underwent HBV serological markers testing in Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2023 were enrolled as the research objects. The included cases were divided into 14 districts in Liaoning: Shenyang (345 346), Dalian (13 219), Anshan (38 536), Fushun (40 067), Benxi (28 883), Dandong (34 284), Jinzhou (35 827), Yingkou (40 573), Fuxin (30 675), Liaoyang (26 282), Panjin (21 008), Tieling (74 632), Chaoyang (43 858) and Huludao (20 949). The included cases were divided into 7 groups according to age: 0-10 years old (162 457), 11-20 years old (33 657), 21-30 years old (129 791), 31-40 years old (235 378), 41-50 years old (124 925), 51-60 years old (143 361), and≥61 years old (187 461). According to different time points of the implementation of vaccination policies, cases born from January 1, 1992 to December 31, 2023 were divided into three groups: the group from January 1, 1992 to December 31, 2001 (94 194), the group from January 1, 2002 to May 31, 2005 (70 428), and the group from June 1, 2005 to December 31, 2023 (87 057). The general data and HBV serological markers results were collected for statistical analysis. The comparison of intergroup rates was conducted using the Chi-square test, and the trend test was conducted using the Cochran Armitage test. Results:In recent five years, the total positivity of serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), hepatitis B surface antibody (HBsAb), hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg), hepatitis B e antibody (HBeAb) and hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb) were 6.68% (67 938/1 017 030), 51.69% (485 627/939 498), 2.37% (21 961/926 626), 15.00% (138 853/925 759) and 27.86% (257 344/923 703), respectively. According to gender, the total positivity of HBV serological markers in men was significantly higher than that in women, and the difference was statistically significant (HBsAg: χ 2=5 599.286, P<0.001; HBsAb: χ 2=5.065, P=0.024; HBeAg: χ 2=2 451.420, P<0.001; HBeAb: χ 2=1 066.145, P<0.001; HBcAb: χ 2=4 013.618, P<0.001). According to the age group, the peak of HBsAg positivity was mainly distributed in the age group of 41-50 years old, with a positivity of 10.48% (2 864/27 324). The positivity of HBsAb decreased with age.The positivity of HBsAb decreased with age increase, highest in the 0-10 years old group, and a decrese in the 11-20 years old group ( Z=18 915.453, P<0.001). The positivity of HBcAb increased with age ( Z=27 493.853, P<0.001). According to the regional groups, the positivity of HBsAg and HBeAg in Shenyang City were 5.01% (3 996/76 974) and 1.45% (944/69 117) respectively. The positivity of HBsAb in patients from Liaoyang district was the highest [55.89% (3 362/6 150)]. The highest positivity of HBeAb and HBcAb were in patients from Dandong district, 19.90% (3 362/6 150) and 37.37% (3 119/8 680) respectively. According to the different time points of the implementation of the vaccination policies, the positivity of HBsAg in cases born from June 1, 2005 and December 31, 2023 decreased to 0.30% (259/87 057) compared with cases born before this time point (χ 2=5 777.47, P<0.001). Conclusions:The analysis of HBV serological laboratory characteristics showed that the positivity of contagious HBV serological markers was still high. The positivity of male was higher than that of female. HBsAb levels decreased significantly in the 11-20 years old group, suggesting the necessity to strengthen hepatitis B prevention in this age group. There were regional differences in the prevalence of hepatitis B, suggesting the necessity to optimize and improve HBV prevention and control strategies.

Objective The study aimed to investigate whether montelukast sodium could alleviate airway inflammatory responses in asthmatic mice by affecting the PHD2/HIF-1α pathway.Methods An allergic asthma model was established by ovalbumin(OVA)induction,and 18 female BALB/c mice were randomly divided into a control group(Con group),an asthma group(OVA group),and an asthma group with montelukast sodium intervention(30 mg/kg montelukast sodium by oral administration 1 h before OVA challenge,Mon group).HE staining was used to analyze the pathological changes in the lungs of mice.Blood cell analyzer and kits were used to determine the number of inflammatory cells and the levels of cytokines,the content of lactic acid and pyruvic acid in the lungs,respectively.RT-PCR and Western blot were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression of HIF-1α,PHD2,E-cad and p120 in the lungs of mice.Results Compared with the Con group,there was a significant increase in the number of eosinophils,lymphocytes,neutrophils and monocytes,the levels of IL-5,IL-13,complement factor D(CFD)and contents of lactate and pyruvate in the lungs of mice in the OVA group.Lung HIF-1α,PHD2,p120 and E-cad mRNA levels were reduced,meanwhile HIF-1α and PHD2 protein expression were upregulated but E-cad and p120 protein expression were downregulated(all with P<0.05).After montelukast sodium intervention,the number of eosinophils and monocytes and CFD expression were significantly decreased in the lungs of Mon group,the contents of lactate and pyruvate were basically restored to normal,and the mRNA and protein expression of HIF-1α,PHD2,p120 and E-cad were effectively improved.Conclusion Montelukast sodium could alleviate the airway inflammatory responses in the lungs of asthmatic mice by regulating the PHD2/HIF-1α signaling pathway.

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus(PRRSV)mainly causes sow abor-tion,stillbirth,mummified fetus and respiratory symptoms in piglets.Since first reported in China in 1996,the virus complexity has increased significantly in more than 20 years of genetic evolution,bringing huge economic losses to the pig industry.In recent years,with the emergence of various PRRSV recombinant virus strains,preventing and controlling this epidemic became increasingly difficult.The purpose of this article is to comprehensively review the genome structure and func-tion of PRRSV,RNA virus recombination mechanism,main types of recombination,and the epi-demic status and recombination for the dominant epidemic PRRSV strains,in order to provide clues for in-depth research on gene recombination of PRRSV,thus providing the theoretical sup-port for formulating scientific prevention and control strategies.