Objective To analyze the distribution characteristics of the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) site rs76206423 in the promoter region of the interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) β gene among Han males in a high radiation background area (HBRA) in Yangjiang City. Methods A total of 48 male participants from Tangkou Town, Yangxi County, Yangjiang City (HBRA group), and 51 male participants from Hengpo Town, Enping City (control group) were selected as the research subjects using the random number table method. Peripheral venous blood samples of participants from both groups were collected, and genomic DNA was extracted. The genotyping and allele frequency distribution of the rs76206423 (A/G) site in the IL-2R β promoter region was detected among the participants in both groups using the SNP detection method. The difference of allele frequencies between population in HBRA group and five area of East Asia, South Asia, Africa, Europe, and the Americas published in the Human Genome Project database from National Center for Biotechnology Information were analyzed. Results The allele frequencies of rs76206423 of population in both groups conformed to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P>0.05). In the HBRA group, the AA genotype was predominant (64.6%), while the AG genotype was the most common in the control group (51.0%), with a significant difference (P<0.05). Population in both groups showed a predominance of the variant allele A (78.1% and 72.5%, respectively), with no significant difference (P>0.05). The frequency of the G allele of rs76206423 in the population in HBRA group was higher than those in South Asian, African, European, and American populations (all P<0.01), but showed no significant difference compared with East Asian populations (P>0.05). Conclusion In the Han male population from the HBRA in Yangjiang City, the rs76206423 site in the IL-2R β gene promoter region is predominantly composed of the wild-type A allele and AA genotype, indicating genetic stability and a relatively high degree of variation at this locus.

Objective To develop a Self-Report Scale of Symptoms for Post Intensive Care Syndrome-Family(PICS-F)and validate its reliability and validity,providing a scientific tool for healthcare professionals to comprehensively assess post intensive care syndrome-family.Methods Based on the symptom experience dimension of Symptom Management Theory,a preliminary version of the scale was developed through literature analysis,semi-structured interviews,expert consultations,and a pilot survey.A convenience sampling method was used to conduct the pre-trial version of the scale questionnaire survey on 442 family members of ICU patients at a tertiary A comprehensive hospital in Wuhan from June to September 2024.The test of the validity and reliability was conducted.Results The developed scale consists of 4 dimensions and 20 items.Exploratory factor analysis identified 4 factors,with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 70.921％.The content validity index at the scale level was 0.941,and the content validity indices for individual items ranged from 0.809 to 1.000.Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the model fit indices were within acceptable ranges.The overall Cronbach's αcoefficient for the scale was 0.941,and the split-half reliability was 0.832.Conclusion The Self-Report Scale of Symptoms for PICS-F demonstrates good reliability and validity.It can comprehensively reflect the primary symptoms of PICS-F,and can serve as an effective measurement tool for clinicians to assess PICS-F in family members of ICU patients.

Objective To develop a Self-Report Scale of Symptoms for Post Intensive Care Syndrome-Family(PICS-F)and validate its reliability and validity,providing a scientific tool for healthcare professionals to comprehensively assess post intensive care syndrome-family.Methods Based on the symptom experience dimension of Symptom Management Theory,a preliminary version of the scale was developed through literature analysis,semi-structured interviews,expert consultations,and a pilot survey.A convenience sampling method was used to conduct the pre-trial version of the scale questionnaire survey on 442 family members of ICU patients at a tertiary A comprehensive hospital in Wuhan from June to September 2024.The test of the validity and reliability was conducted.Results The developed scale consists of 4 dimensions and 20 items.Exploratory factor analysis identified 4 factors,with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 70.921％.The content validity index at the scale level was 0.941,and the content validity indices for individual items ranged from 0.809 to 1.000.Confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the model fit indices were within acceptable ranges.The overall Cronbach's αcoefficient for the scale was 0.941,and the split-half reliability was 0.832.Conclusion The Self-Report Scale of Symptoms for PICS-F demonstrates good reliability and validity.It can comprehensively reflect the primary symptoms of PICS-F,and can serve as an effective measurement tool for clinicians to assess PICS-F in family members of ICU patients.

Digital intraoral scanning is a hot topic in the field of oral digital technology.In recent years,digital intra-oral scanning has gradually become the mainstream technology in orthodontics,prosthodontics,and implant dentistry.The precision of digital intraoral scanning and the accuracy and stitching of data collection are the keys to the success of the impression.However,the operators are less familiar with the intraoral scanning characteristics,imaging process-ing,operator scanning method,oral tissue specificity of the scanned object,and restoration design.Thus far,no unified standard and consensus on digital intraoral scanning technology has been achieved at home or abroad.To deal with the problems encountered in oral scanning and improve the quality of digital scanning,we collected common expert opin-ions and sought to expound the causes of scanning errors and countermeasures by summarizing the existing evidence.We also describe the scanning strategies under different oral impression requirements.The expert consensus is that due to various factors affecting the accuracy of digital intraoral scanning and the reproducibility of scanned images,adopting the correct scanning trajectory can shorten clinical operation time and improve scanning accuracy.The scanning trajec-tories mainly include the E-shaped,segmented,and S-shaped methods.When performing fixed denture restoration,it is recommended to first scan the abutment and adjacent teeth.When performing fixed denture restoration,it is recommend-ed to scan the abutment and adjacent teeth first.Then the cavity in the abutment area is excavated.Lastly,the cavity gap was scanned after completing the abutment preparation.This method not only meets clinical needs but also achieves the most reliable accuracy.When performing full denture restoration in edentulous jaws,setting markers on the mucosal tissue at the bottom of the alveolar ridge,simultaneously capturing images of the vestibular area,using different types of scanning paths such as Z-shaped,S-shaped,buccal-palatal and palatal-buccal pathways,segmented scanning of dental arches,and other strategies can reduce scanning errors and improve image stitching and overlap.For implant restora-tion,when a single crown restoration is supported by implants and a small span upper structure restoration,it is recom-mended to first pre-scan the required dental arch.Then the cavity in the abutment area is excavated.Lastly,scanning the cavity gap after installing the implant scanning rod.When repairing a bone level implant crown,an improved indi-rect scanning method can be used.The scanning process includes three steps:First,the temporary restoration,adjacent teeth,and gingival tissue in the mouth are scanned;second,the entire dental arch is scanned after installing a standard scanning rod on the implant;and third,the temporary restoration outside the mouth is scanned to obtain the three-di-mensional shape of the gingival contour of the implant neck,thereby increasing the stability of soft tissue scanning around the implant and improving scanning restoration.For dental implant fixed bridge repair with missing teeth,the mobility of the mucosa increases the difficulty of scanning,making it difficult for scanners to distinguish scanning rods of the same shape and size,which can easily cause image stacking errors.Higher accuracy of digital implant impres-sions can be achieved by changing the geometric shape of the scanning rods to change the optical curvature radius.The consensus confirms that as the range of scanned dental arches and the number of data concatenations increases,the scanning accuracy decreases accordingly,especially when performing full mouth implant restoration impressions.The difficulty of image stitching processing can easily be increased by the presence of unstable and uneven mucosal mor-phology inside the mouth and the lack of relatively obvious and fixed reference objects,which results in insufficient ac-curacy.When designing restorations of this type,it is advisable to carefully choose digital intraoral scanning methods to obtain model data.It is not recommended to use digital impressions when there are more than five missing teeth.

To investigate the alleviating effect of glycyrrhizic acid(GA)on chronic toxicity of afla-toxin B1(AFB1)in ducklings.Eighty 4-day-old ducklings were randomly divided into 4 groups,with 20 ducklings in each group,including a blank group,a model group(100 μg/kg AFB1),a high-concentration GA group(100 μg/kg AFB1+100 mg/kg GA),and a low-concentration GA group(100 μg/kg AFB1+50 mg/kg GA),with a trial period of 18 days.At the end of the experi-ment,the body weight of the ducklings in each group,AFB1-DNA content in the liver and liver tis-sues index,the biochemical indicators of liver function,and the pathological changes in liver tissues were examined.Additionally,the oxidative damage status of the liver tissues was eval-uated,and the mRNA expression levels of mitochondria-related apoptosis genes was detected.Com-pared with the control group,the body weight of ducklings in the model group decreased signifi-cantly(P＜0.01),AFB1-DNA content in the tissues increased significantly(P＜0.05),liver swell-ing and yellowing were observed,the liver index increased significantly(P＜0.01),as did the levels of aspartate aminotransferase(AST)and alanine aminotransferase(ALT)(P＜0.01).The AST/ALT levels also increased significantly(P＜0.01),while the serum total protein(TP)content de-creased significantly(P＜0.01).The liver tissues showed a large amount of inflammatory cell infil-tration,vacuolar degeneration,fibrotic changes and apoptosis.The activities of catalase(CAT),glutathione S-transferase(GST),the total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC)of the duckling liver all decreased significantly(P＜0.01)and the mRNA expression of mitochondria-related apoptosis genes Bax,Cyt-c,Caspase-3,and Caspase-9 significantly increased(P＜0.01).Compared with the model group,GA treatment significantly increased the body weight of the model ducklings(P＜0.01),reduced AFB1-DNA content in the tissue,significantly reduced their liver index(P＜0.05),visibly restored the liver's apparent status,effectively reversed the abnormal changes in serum liver function indicators,improved the pathological changes in liver tissue histology,enhanced liver an-tioxidant function,significantly decreased expression of Bax,Cyt-c,Caspase-3,and Caspase-9 mR-NA(P＜0.05).Further correlation analysis showed that mRNA expression levels of Bax,Cyt-c,Caspase-3,and Caspase-9 in duck liver tissues were positively correlated with liver index,AFB1-DNA content,AST content,ALT content,AST/ALT ratio,and MDA content,and negatively cor-related with body weight,TP content,SOD activity,CAT activity,GST activity,and T-AOC activi-ty in ducklings.In conclusion,GA may alleviate liver damage to relieve duckling AFB1 chronic tox-icity by inhibiting the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis.

To investigate the alleviating effect of glycyrrhizic acid(GA)on chronic toxicity of afla-toxin B1(AFB1)in ducklings.Eighty 4-day-old ducklings were randomly divided into 4 groups,with 20 ducklings in each group,including a blank group,a model group(100 μg/kg AFB1),a high-concentration GA group(100 μg/kg AFB1+100 mg/kg GA),and a low-concentration GA group(100 μg/kg AFB1+50 mg/kg GA),with a trial period of 18 days.At the end of the experi-ment,the body weight of the ducklings in each group,AFB1-DNA content in the liver and liver tis-sues index,the biochemical indicators of liver function,and the pathological changes in liver tissues were examined.Additionally,the oxidative damage status of the liver tissues was eval-uated,and the mRNA expression levels of mitochondria-related apoptosis genes was detected.Com-pared with the control group,the body weight of ducklings in the model group decreased signifi-cantly(P＜0.01),AFB1-DNA content in the tissues increased significantly(P＜0.05),liver swell-ing and yellowing were observed,the liver index increased significantly(P＜0.01),as did the levels of aspartate aminotransferase(AST)and alanine aminotransferase(ALT)(P＜0.01).The AST/ALT levels also increased significantly(P＜0.01),while the serum total protein(TP)content de-creased significantly(P＜0.01).The liver tissues showed a large amount of inflammatory cell infil-tration,vacuolar degeneration,fibrotic changes and apoptosis.The activities of catalase(CAT),glutathione S-transferase(GST),the total antioxidant capacity(T-AOC)of the duckling liver all decreased significantly(P＜0.01)and the mRNA expression of mitochondria-related apoptosis genes Bax,Cyt-c,Caspase-3,and Caspase-9 significantly increased(P＜0.01).Compared with the model group,GA treatment significantly increased the body weight of the model ducklings(P＜0.01),reduced AFB1-DNA content in the tissue,significantly reduced their liver index(P＜0.05),visibly restored the liver's apparent status,effectively reversed the abnormal changes in serum liver function indicators,improved the pathological changes in liver tissue histology,enhanced liver an-tioxidant function,significantly decreased expression of Bax,Cyt-c,Caspase-3,and Caspase-9 mR-NA(P＜0.05).Further correlation analysis showed that mRNA expression levels of Bax,Cyt-c,Caspase-3,and Caspase-9 in duck liver tissues were positively correlated with liver index,AFB1-DNA content,AST content,ALT content,AST/ALT ratio,and MDA content,and negatively cor-related with body weight,TP content,SOD activity,CAT activity,GST activity,and T-AOC activi-ty in ducklings.In conclusion,GA may alleviate liver damage to relieve duckling AFB1 chronic tox-icity by inhibiting the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis.

Objective:To analyze the clinical features and surgical outcomes of petrous bone cholesteatomas (PBCs).Methods:Data from 39 PBCs patients treated in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Xijing Hospital from September 2011 to December 2017 were reviewed retrospectively, including 23 males, 16 femals, aged 12-71 years old, with the median age of 37. Clinical classifications, surgical methods, facial and hearing function, and intraoperative and postoperative complications were made summary analysis.Results:In this study, five patients were congenital PBCs and 34 patients were acquired PBCs. The common clinical symptoms were hearing loss (100%, 39/39), ear discharge/pus (89.7%, 35/39) and facial paralysis (46.2%, 18/39). According to Sanna′s classification, 14 cases were supralabyrinthine, including three cases underwent transcochlear (TC) approach, six cases underwent transotic (TO) approach and five underwent translabyrinthine (TL) approach. 10 cases were infralabyrinthine, including eight cases underwent subtotal petrosectomy, one case underwent TO approach and one underwent TL approach.10 cases were massive, including seven cases underwent TC approach, three cases underwent TO approach. Five cases were infralabyrinthine-apical, including two cases underwent TC approach, two cases underwent TO approach, and one case underwent endoscope assisted infratemporal fossa type B. The degree of facial nerve (FN) dysfunction from high to low was massive (6/10), supralabyrinthine (8/14), infralabyrinthine-apical (2/5) and infralabyrinthine (2/10). 19 cases involved in facial nerve operation, three cases underwent FN decompression, four cases underwent FN rerouting, four cases underwent nerve grafting, and one case underwent facial-hypoglossal anastomosis. Preoperative FN involvement in 18 cases, and the FN function was improved in 14 cases after surgery. The improved rate of postoperative FN function was 77.8%. The bone conducted hearing retained 50.0% (14/28) postoperatively. Five cases with cerebrospinal fluid leak were managed by inserting free muscle plugs and cavity obliteration. Two cases with the cholesteatomas matrix involved the sigmoid sinus and the jugular bulb, and occlusion of the sigmoid sinus was performed. Postoperatively, two patients presented with synkinesis. The patients were followed up for 40 to 115 months, and there was no recurrence.Conclusions:There are no specific clinical manifestations for PBCs, thus, it is difficult in early diagnosis and treatment. According to Sanna′s classification, preoperative FN and hearing function, the best surgical approach should be selected with minimal recurrences and perioperative morbidity.

Objective: To explore the value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based whole tumor texture analysis in differentiating borderline epithelial ovarian tumors (BEOTs) from FIGO stage I/II malignant epithelial ovarian tumors (MEOTs). Materials and Methods: A total of 88 patients with histopathologically confirmed ovarian epithelial tumors after surgical resection, including 30 BEOT and 58 MEOT patients, were divided into a training group (n = 62) and a test group (n = 26).The clinical and conventional MRI features were retrospectively reviewed. The texture features of tumors, based on T2-weighted imaging, diffusion-weighted imaging, and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted imaging, were extracted using MaZda software and the three top weighted texture features were selected by using the Random Forest algorithm. A non-texture logistic regression model in the training group was built to include those clinical and conventional MRI variables with p value < 0.10. Subsequently, a combined model integrating non-texture information and texture features was built for the training group. The model, evaluated using patients in the training group, was then applied to patients in the test group. Finally, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to assess the diagnostic performance of the models. Results: The combined model showed superior performance in categorizing BEOTs and MEOTs (sensitivity, 92.5%; specificity, 86.4%; accuracy, 90.3%; area under the ROC curve [AUC], 0.962) than the non-texture model (sensitivity, 78.3%; specificity, 84.6%; accuracy, 82.3%; AUC, 0.818). The AUCs were statistically different (p value = 0.038). In the test group, the AUCs, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 0.840, 73.3%, 90.1%, and 80.8% when the non-texture model was used and 0.896, 75.0%, 94.0%, and 88.5% when the combined model was used. Conclusion MRI-based texture features combined with clinical and conventional MRI features may assist in differentitating between BEOT and FIGO stage I/II MEOT patients.