OBJECTIVES: To explore the relationship between the Observer's Assessment of Alertness/Sedation (OAAS) score and the bispectral index (BIS) during propofol titration for general anesthesia induction and analyze the impact of BIS monitoring delay on anesthetic depth assessment. METHODS: This study was conducted among 90 patients (ASA class I-II) undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia. For anesthesia induction, the patients received propofol titration at the rate of 0.5 mg·kg^-1·min^-1 till OAAS scores of 4, 3, 2, and 1 were reached. After achieving an OAAS score of 1, remifentanil (2 μg·kg⁻¹) and rocuronium (0.6 mg·kg⁻¹) were administered, and tracheal intubation was performed 2 min later. BIS values, mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), and propofol dosage at each OAAS score were recorded, and the correlation between OAAS scores and BIS values was analyzed. The diagnostic performance of BIS values for determining when the OAAS score reaches 1 was analyzed using ROC curve. RESULTS: All the patients successfully completed tracheal intubation. BIS values of the patients at each of the OAAS scores differed significantly (P<0.01), and the mean BIS value decreased by 4.08, 8.32, 5.43 and 5.24 as the OAAS score decreased from 5 to 4, from 4 to 3, from 3 to 2, and from 2 to 1, respectively. There was a significant correlation between the OAAS score and BIS values (ρ=0.775, P<0.001). The median BIS value for an OAAS score of 1 was 76, at which point 83.33% of the patients had BIS values exceeding 60. ROC curve analysis showed that for determining an OAAS score of 1, BIS value, at the optimal cutoff value of 84, had a sensitivity of 88.9%, a specificity of 73.3%, and an area under the curve of 0.842 (0.803-0.881). CONCLUSIONS OAAS score during induction of general anesthesia is strongly correlated with BIS value and is a highly sensitive and timely indicator to compensate for the delay in BIS monitoring.
Humans ; Propofol/administration & dosage* ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Anesthesia, General/methods* ; Adult ; Consciousness Monitors ; Aged ; Young Adult ; Monitoring, Intraoperative/methods* ; Electroencephalography

Objective:To explore the spatiotemporal distribution and macro-related factors of congenital syphilis in Guangdong province and provide suggestions and recommendations for prevention.Methods:Yearly reported cases of syphilis and some influencing factor data of Guangdong province were collected from 2005 to 2017. The spatiotemporal distribution of congenital syphilis was described. Meanwhile, the spatial panel data model was constructed to analyze the relationship between the incidence rates of congenital syphilis and related factors.Results:From 2005 to 2017, 13 361 cases of congenital syphilis were reported in Guangdong province. The number of congenital syphilis cases rose to its highest point during 2005-2011. A slow downward trend followed. The peaks of incidence were observed from August to December. The incidence of the non-Pearl River Delta region has experienced a process of rising first and then decreasing. The spatial panel data model results showed that congenital syphilis had significant positive spatial autocorrelation ( P<0.001). The incidence of primary and secondary syphilis in women ( β=0.822, P<0.001), gross domestic product per capita ( β=3.511, P<0.001), net migrate rate ( β=0.215, P=0.047) and maternal system management rate ?(β=0.017, P=0.021) were all positively correlated with the incidence rates of congenital syphilis. Registered population density ( β=-1.167, P<0.001) and prenatal examination rate ( β=-0.038, P=0.031) was negatively correlated with congenital syphilis. Conclusions:The incidence of congenital syphilis was spatially aggregated in Guangdong province from 2005 to 2017. The intensity of prevention might be strengthened in cities with developed economies and high net migration rates, which have high risks of congenital syphilis. Controlling the incidence of primary and secondary syphilis in women and increasing the prenatal examination rate for pregnant women appears effective prevention measures of congenital syphilis.

Objective To understand the prevalence and distribution characteristics of symptoms of anorectal diseases in Chinese residents(older than 18) as to provide reference for prevention,care and treatment of anorectal diseases.Methods Stratified sampling was used according to the economic level in every province in the country,and each province selected two cities.Face-toface interviews were used to collect data in 68 906 interviewers and SPSS 17.0 was performed to analyze the data.Results Of 68 906 respondents,25 634 (37.20 ％) reported to suffer from at least one symptoms of anorectal diseases.The prevalence of the top 5 main symptoms of anorectal diseases were prolapse of anus neoplasms(14.55％),anal sore(16.53％),anal pendant expansion (14.98 ％),perianal abscess (5.88 ％),hematochezia (22.52 ％).Each symptom frequency difference was statistically significant (x2=7 727.6,P＜0.001).Populations which proned to suffer from symptoms of anorectal disease had the following characteristics:living in city,male,ageing 25-54 years old,having specialist qualifications,lacking of physical.Conclusion The prevalence of symptoms of anorectal diseases among Chinese residents was high,and each symptom had its distribution characteristics.More targeted interventions should be taken in anorectal disease prone people.