Heart rate is a crucial indicator of human health with significant physiological importance. Traditional contact methods for measuring heart rate, such as electrocardiograph or wristbands, may not always meet the need for convenient health monitoring. Remote photoplethysmography (rPPG) provides a non-contact method for measuring heart rate and other physiological indicators by analyzing blood volume pulse signals. This approach is non-invasive, does not require direct contact, and allows for long-term healthcare monitoring. Deep learning has emerged as a powerful tool for processing complex image and video data, and has been increasingly employed to extract heart rate signals remotely. This article reviewed the latest research advancements in rPPG-based heart rate measurement using deep learning, summarized available public datasets, and explored future research directions and potential advancements in non-contact heart rate measurement.
Humans ; Deep Learning ; Heart Rate/physiology* ; Photoplethysmography/methods* ; Video Recording ; Face ; Monitoring, Physiologic/methods* ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted

OBJECTIVES: This cross-sectional study aims to explore the association between oral health status and cognitive function in Chinese elderly individuals. METHODS: The survey participants were composed of elderly people aged≥60 who were admitted to West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University from August 2022 to March 2024. They were divided into a cognitive impairment (CI) group and a healthy control (HC) group according to the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score. General information and oral health indicators of all elderly people were collected. Independent sample t-test and chi-square test were used for inter-group comparison, and multiple linear regression model was applied for multivariate analysis of MoCA scores. RESULTS: A total of 402 elderly people were included in the study, and the number of remaining teeth in the CI group was significantly lower than that in the HC group. The decayed, missing, filled teeth index, debris index-simplified, gingival index, probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment loss in the CI group were all significantly higher than those in the HC group. There was no difference in denture wearing between the two groups. The results of multiple linear regression showed that there was a correlation between the number of remaining teeth and PD and MoCA scores after correcting for confounding factors. CONCLUSIONS Elderly individuals with CI have more prominent oral health issues compared to those with normal cognitive function. There may be a bidirectional relationship between the number of remaining teeth, PD, and cognitive function in elderly people.
Humans ; Oral Health ; Aged ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Cognitive Dysfunction/epidemiology* ; Male ; Female ; China/epidemiology* ; Middle Aged ; Linear Models ; Aged, 80 and over ; Periodontal Index ; Cognition

Objective To investigate the distribution characteristics of serum sIgE antibodies against four allergenic protein components of egg white in children with egg allergy,and then clarify the clinical application value of single component-resolved diagnostics of egg allergy.Methods Serum samples from 197 children with egg allergy were collected.The levels of serum sIgE antibodies against four major allergenic protein components of egg white,including ovomucin,ovalbumin,ovotransferrin,and lysozyme,were detected by the light-excited chemiluminescence assay(LiCA),and the distribution characteristics of sIgE antibodies were analyzed.Results The positive rates of serum sIgE antibodies against ovalbumin,ovomucin,ovotransferrin,and lysozyme in 197 chlidren with egg allergy were 77.16%(152/197),70.56%(139/197),35.02%(69/197),and 18.27%(36/197),respectively.The positive rate of serum sIgE antibody against both ovomucin and ovalbumin was 30.45%.There was a weak correlation between the levels of sIgE antibodies against egg and the cumulative levels of sIgE antibodies against four allergenic protein components(r=0.266 8,P＜0.05).There were signifi-cant individual differences in the levels of serum sIgE antibodies against four allergenic protein components of egg white in the children with egg allergy.Conclusion There is individual heterogeneity in the levels of serum sIgE antibodies against four components of egg white in the children with egg allergy.The detection of sIgE antibodies against egg white components can distinguish different forms of egg allergies,which is of great value for the accurate diagnosis and precise desensitization of children's egg allergy.

Objective To study the effect of geniposide(Gen)on the proliferation,migration and angiogenesis of human retinal vascular endothelial cells(hRVECs)induced by high glucose and explore its mechanism.Methods The hRVECs were intervened with different concentrations(0,1,5,10,20,40 and 80 mg·L-1)of Gen for 24 h,and Cell Counting Kit-8(CCK-8)was used to detect the effect of Gen on the proliferation activity of hRVECs.The hRVECs were di-vided into the control group,high glucose(25 mmol·L-1)group,low,middle and high Gen concentration(5,10 and 20 mg·L-1)groups,bevacizumab(BEV,250 μg·L-1)group and high Gen concentration+BEV(250 pg·L-1)group.Cell proliferation activity was detected by CCK-8.The cell migration ability was detected by scratch test.The tube formation ability of cells was detected by the in vitro tube formation assay.The protein expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor-A(VEGF-A),soluble VEGF receptor-1(sFlt-1),matrix metalloproteinase 2(MMP-2)and matrix metallo-proteinase 9(MMP-9)in cells were detected by Western blot.Results Compared with 0 mg·L-1 Gen,there was no sta-tistically significant difference in the effect of Gen with concentrations of 1,5,10,20,40 and 80 mg·L-1 on the prolifera-tion activity of hRVECs(all P＞0.05).Compared with the control group,the proliferation activity and migration ability of hRVECs in the high glucose group were significantly enhanced(both P＜0.05),the cell circular structure increased,the protein expression levels of VEGF-A,MMP-2 and MMP-9 significantly increased(all P＜0.05),and the protein expression level of sFlt-1 significantly decreased(P＜0.05).Compared with the high glucose group,the proliferative activity and mi-gration ability of cells in all Gen concentration groups and BEV group significantly decreased(all P＜0.05),the circular structure of cells was reduced,the protein expression levels of VEGF-A,MMP-2 and MMP-9 significantly decreased(all P＜0.05),and the protein expression level of sFlt-1 significantly increased(P＜0.05).Compared with the high Gen concentra-tion group,the high Gen concentration+BEV group showed a significant decrease in cell proliferation activity(P＜0.05),a decrease in cell circular structure,a significant decrease in VEGF-A,MMP-2 and MMP-9 protein expression levels(all P＜0.05),and a significant increase in sFlt-1 protein expression level(P＜0.05).Conclusion Gen can inhibit the high glucose-induced proliferation,migration and angiogenesis of hRVECs,and its mechanism may be related to the regulation of VEGF/sFlt-1 axis balance.

Objective:To explore the distribution of allergen-specific IgE (sIgE) for children with atopic dermatitis in Tianjin City and provide the evidences of clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods:A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted to analyze the children who were suspected of atopic dermatitis and tested for serum sIgE in the Tianjin Children′s Hospital from March 2021 to February 2023. Using first detection results only, a total of 1 841 serum samples were tested for twenty common allergens. The method was the enzyme-linked immune capture assay. The allergen epidemiological characteristics were statistically analyzed by Chi square test based on the children′s characteristics and factors such as different sexes, ages and seasons by the mass data.Results:Among the 1 841 cases, the results showed that 1 247 (67.73%) were sensitized to at least 1 allergen-sIgE, comprising to 49.86% (918/1 841) to food allergen-sIgE and 47.96% (883/1 841) to aeroallergen-sIgE. The top three food allergens-sIgE were egg 32.10% (591/1 841), milk 25.91% (477/1 841) and wheat flour 14.61% (269/1 841); the top three positive rates of aeroallergens-sIgE were house dust 24.33% (448/1 841), alternaria 20.59% (379/1 841) and dermatophagoides farinae 14.83% (273/1 841). The positive rates of food allergens-sIgE were the highest in the 1-3 years old group (64.11%, 434/677) ( χ2=122.854, P<0.001), while the positive rates of aeroallergens-sIgE were higher in the 11-14 years old group (71.26%, 62/87) ( χ2=134.968, P<0.001). No seasonal difference was revealed in the overall positive rate of food allergen-sIgE and aeroallergen-sIgE ( χ2=4.047, P=0.256; χ2=7.549, P=0.056). The positive rates of soybean-sIgE and milk-sIgE were the highest in summer ( χ2=11.329, P=0.010; χ2=28.720 , P<0.001), whereas alternaria-sIgE and mugwort-sIgE were the highest in summer and autumn, respectively ( χ2=8.462, P=0.037; χ2=10.641 , P=0.014). Among the 1 841 cases, 32.21% were sensitized to three or more allergens-sIgE. The sIgE concentration levels of egg, milk and house dust were mainly level 1 to 2, and the proportions of level 3 and above were all under 15%; although the positive rates of crab, shrimp, and peanut were low, the proportions of grade 3 and above were all beyond 30%. Children sensitized to alternaria, dermatophagoides farinae, mugwort, and cat dander had higher sIgE concentration levels, which were 68.07%, 49.45%, 56.57% and 47.83% respectively. Conclusions:This study can reflect the epidemic characteristics of allergen-sIgE in children with atopic dermatitis in Tianjin region to a certain extent. Allergen-sIgE positivity in patients differed by age, and there were seasonal differences and grade distribution differences in the positive rates of some allergens-sIgE. It is necessary to reasonably avoid the high-risk allergens according to the epidemiological characteristics and clinical symptoms, which provide valuable information for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of atopic dermatitis.

Objective To explore the mechanism by which Yigong San(YGS)improves learning and memory abilities of APP/PS1 transgenic mice in light of cerebral fluid metabolism regulation.Methods Three-month-old male APP/PS1 transgenic mice and wild-type C57BL/6 mice were both randomized into control group,model group,donepezil(1.67 mg/kg)group,and YGS(7.5 g/kg)group and received the corresponding treatments via gavage once daily for one month.After the treatments,the mice were assessed for learning and memory functions using Morris water maze test and examined for hippocampal and cortical pathologies and amyloid plaques using HE,immunohistochemical and thioflavin S staining;ELISA and Evans blue method were used for detecting Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 levels in the brain tissue and serum and assessing blood-brain barrier(BBB)integrity.Immunofluorescence colocalization was used to investigate AQP4 polarization on astrocytes.Western blotting was performed to detect the expressions of VE-cadherin,ZO-1,occludin,β-amyloid precursor protein(APP),BACE1,insulin-degrading enzyme(IDE),LRP1,RAGE,and AQP4 proteins.Results Compared with the control mice,APP/PS1 mice showed significant impairment of learning and memory abilities,increased degeneration or necrosis of hippocampal and cortical neurons,pathological scores,Aβ-positive plaques,elevated Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 levels in the brain tissue and serum,increased BBB permeability,upregulated RAGE expression,lowered expressions of VE-cadherin,LRP1,ZO-1,occludin,and AQP4 proteins,and reduced AQP4-expressing GFAP-positive cells.YGS treatment significantly improved the performance of the transgenic mice in Morris water maze test,reduced hippocampal and cortical pathologies and Aβ-positive plaques,and ameliorated the abnormal changes in Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 levels,BBB permeability,protein expressions of RAGE,VE-cadherin,LRP1,ZO-1,occludin and AQP4,and the number of AQP4-expressing GFAP-positive cells.Conclusion YGS improves learning and memory changes in APP/PS1 mice by ameliorating neuronal damage and Aβ pathology in the brain and regulating brain fluid metabolism.

Objective To explore application value of transaxillary single-port gasless endoscopic-assisted fibroadenomas excision in adolescents.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data of 60 cases of fibroadenoma from June 2019 to June 2023.The patients were 17.3(range,13-19)years old.There were 54 cases of unilateral tumors and 6 cases of bilateral tumors.The average number of tumors was 2.5(range,1-13),and the mean tumor diameter was 4.0(range,3-10)cm.The fibroadenoma excision was performed by using transaxillary single-port gasless endoscopy.Results Of the 60 patients,the average operation time was 64.9(range,35-130)min and the intraoperative blood loss was less than 20 ml.Postoperative complications occurred in 5 cases(8.3％).At 3 months after surgery,the psychosocial well-being scores of BREAST-Q Scale were increased from(79.2±8.9)to(83.4±9.9)(P＜0.001).Conclusion Transaxillary single-port gasless endoscopic-assisted fibroadenomas excision is safe and effective for multiple or large fibroadenomas in adolescents,offering minimal invasion and concealed incision.

Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) diseases are common clinical conditions. The number of patients with TMJ diseases is large, and the etiology, epidemiology, disease spectrum, and treatment of the disease remain controversial and unknown. To understand and master the current situation of the occurrence, development and prevention of TMJ diseases, as well as to identify the patterns in etiology, incidence, drug sensitivity, and prognosis is crucial for alleviating patients′suffering.This will facilitate in-depth medical research, effective disease prevention measures, and the formulation of corresponding health policies. Cohort construction and research has an irreplaceable role in precise disease prevention and significant improvement in diagnosis and treatment levels. Large-scale cohort studies are needed to explore the relationship between potential risk factors and outcomes of TMJ diseases, and to observe disease prognoses through long-term follw-ups. The consensus aims to establish a standard conceptual frame work for a cohort study on patients with TMJ disease while providing ideas for cohort data standards to this condition. TMJ disease cohort data consists of both common data standards applicable to all specific disease cohorts as well as disease-specific data standards. Common data were available for each specific disease cohort. By integrating different cohort research resources, standard problems or study variables can be unified. Long-term follow-up can be performed using consistent definitions and criteria across different projects for better core data collection. It is hoped that this consensus will be facilitate the development cohort studies of TMJ diseases.

Objective:To explore the distribution of allergen-specific IgE (sIgE) for children with atopic dermatitis in Tianjin City and provide the evidences of clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods:A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted to analyze the children who were suspected of atopic dermatitis and tested for serum sIgE in the Tianjin Children′s Hospital from March 2021 to February 2023. Using first detection results only, a total of 1 841 serum samples were tested for twenty common allergens. The method was the enzyme-linked immune capture assay. The allergen epidemiological characteristics were statistically analyzed by Chi square test based on the children′s characteristics and factors such as different sexes, ages and seasons by the mass data.Results:Among the 1 841 cases, the results showed that 1 247 (67.73%) were sensitized to at least 1 allergen-sIgE, comprising to 49.86% (918/1 841) to food allergen-sIgE and 47.96% (883/1 841) to aeroallergen-sIgE. The top three food allergens-sIgE were egg 32.10% (591/1 841), milk 25.91% (477/1 841) and wheat flour 14.61% (269/1 841); the top three positive rates of aeroallergens-sIgE were house dust 24.33% (448/1 841), alternaria 20.59% (379/1 841) and dermatophagoides farinae 14.83% (273/1 841). The positive rates of food allergens-sIgE were the highest in the 1-3 years old group (64.11%, 434/677) ( χ2=122.854, P<0.001), while the positive rates of aeroallergens-sIgE were higher in the 11-14 years old group (71.26%, 62/87) ( χ2=134.968, P<0.001). No seasonal difference was revealed in the overall positive rate of food allergen-sIgE and aeroallergen-sIgE ( χ2=4.047, P=0.256; χ2=7.549, P=0.056). The positive rates of soybean-sIgE and milk-sIgE were the highest in summer ( χ2=11.329, P=0.010; χ2=28.720 , P<0.001), whereas alternaria-sIgE and mugwort-sIgE were the highest in summer and autumn, respectively ( χ2=8.462, P=0.037; χ2=10.641 , P=0.014). Among the 1 841 cases, 32.21% were sensitized to three or more allergens-sIgE. The sIgE concentration levels of egg, milk and house dust were mainly level 1 to 2, and the proportions of level 3 and above were all under 15%; although the positive rates of crab, shrimp, and peanut were low, the proportions of grade 3 and above were all beyond 30%. Children sensitized to alternaria, dermatophagoides farinae, mugwort, and cat dander had higher sIgE concentration levels, which were 68.07%, 49.45%, 56.57% and 47.83% respectively. Conclusions:This study can reflect the epidemic characteristics of allergen-sIgE in children with atopic dermatitis in Tianjin region to a certain extent. Allergen-sIgE positivity in patients differed by age, and there were seasonal differences and grade distribution differences in the positive rates of some allergens-sIgE. It is necessary to reasonably avoid the high-risk allergens according to the epidemiological characteristics and clinical symptoms, which provide valuable information for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of atopic dermatitis.

Objective To explore the mechanism by which Yigong San(YGS)improves learning and memory abilities of APP/PS1 transgenic mice in light of cerebral fluid metabolism regulation.Methods Three-month-old male APP/PS1 transgenic mice and wild-type C57BL/6 mice were both randomized into control group,model group,donepezil(1.67 mg/kg)group,and YGS(7.5 g/kg)group and received the corresponding treatments via gavage once daily for one month.After the treatments,the mice were assessed for learning and memory functions using Morris water maze test and examined for hippocampal and cortical pathologies and amyloid plaques using HE,immunohistochemical and thioflavin S staining;ELISA and Evans blue method were used for detecting Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 levels in the brain tissue and serum and assessing blood-brain barrier(BBB)integrity.Immunofluorescence colocalization was used to investigate AQP4 polarization on astrocytes.Western blotting was performed to detect the expressions of VE-cadherin,ZO-1,occludin,β-amyloid precursor protein(APP),BACE1,insulin-degrading enzyme(IDE),LRP1,RAGE,and AQP4 proteins.Results Compared with the control mice,APP/PS1 mice showed significant impairment of learning and memory abilities,increased degeneration or necrosis of hippocampal and cortical neurons,pathological scores,Aβ-positive plaques,elevated Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 levels in the brain tissue and serum,increased BBB permeability,upregulated RAGE expression,lowered expressions of VE-cadherin,LRP1,ZO-1,occludin,and AQP4 proteins,and reduced AQP4-expressing GFAP-positive cells.YGS treatment significantly improved the performance of the transgenic mice in Morris water maze test,reduced hippocampal and cortical pathologies and Aβ-positive plaques,and ameliorated the abnormal changes in Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 levels,BBB permeability,protein expressions of RAGE,VE-cadherin,LRP1,ZO-1,occludin and AQP4,and the number of AQP4-expressing GFAP-positive cells.Conclusion YGS improves learning and memory changes in APP/PS1 mice by ameliorating neuronal damage and Aβ pathology in the brain and regulating brain fluid metabolism.