Objective To explore the relationship between PANoptosis and hepatic ischemia-reperfusion injury (HIRI), and to screen the key genes of PANoptosis in HIRI. Methods PANoptosis-related differentially expressed genes (PDG) were obtained through the Gene Expression Omnibus database and GeneCards database. Gene ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) were used to explore the biological pathways related to PDG. A protein-protein interaction network was constructed. Key genes were selected, and their diagnostic value was assessed and validated in the HIRI mice. Immune cell infiltration analysis was performed based on the cell-type identification by estimating relative subsets of RNA transcripts. Results A total of 16 PDG were identified. GO analysis showed that PDG were closely related to cellular metabolism. KEGG analysis indicated that PDG were mainly enriched in cellular death pathways such as apoptosis and immune-related signaling pathways such as the tumor necrosis factor signaling pathway. GSEA results showed that key genes were mainly enriched in immune-related signaling pathways such as the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway. Two key genes, DFFB and TNFSF10, were identified with high accuracy in diagnosing HIRI, with areas under the curve of 0.964 and 1.000, respectively. Immune infiltration analysis showed that the control group had more infiltration of resting natural killer cells, M2 macrophages, etc., while the HIRI group had more infiltration of M0 macrophages, neutrophils, and naive B cells. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction results showed that compared with the Sham group, the relative expression of DFFB messenger RNA in liver tissue of HIRI group mice increased, and the relative expression of TNFSF10 messenger RNA decreased. Cibersort analysis showed that the infiltration abundance of naive B cells was positively correlated with DFFB expression (r=0.70, P=0.035), and the infiltration abundance of M2 macrophages was positively correlated with TNFSF10 expression (r=0.68, P=0.045). Conclusions PANoptosis-related genes DFFB and TNFSF10 may be potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for HIRI.

Zika virus(ZIKV)is a mosquito-borne flavivirus associated with neurological complications such as Limbari syndrome in adults and microcephaly in newborns.As there are no drugs or preventive vaccines available to specifically treat ZIKV infection,there is an urgent need to take comprehensive measures to prevent and control ZIKV infection and stop its spread.In this paper,we reviewed the structure and function of ZIKV gene and protein,and summarized the progress in the development of virus-targeting anti-ZIKV drug candidates through high-throughput screening and drug relocation,and summarized the mechanism of action of virus and host cell targeting drug candidates.The research and development trend of small molecule antiviral drugs in the future is prospected,which provides reference for promoting the research and development of new anti-ZIKV drugs.

Objective To quantitatively evaluate structural changes in the TMD disc using magnetic resonance T2 mapping technology at open and closed mouth positions,and assess its significance.Methods 127 newly diagnosed patients with TMD and 51 controls in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of the Affiliated Hospital of Yunnan University from June 2023 to January 2024 were prospectively collected.All subjects underwent routine TMJ sequence and T2 mapping sequence scans.After scanning,the pseudo-color images were processed,and T2 values of the joint disc(anterior and posterior bands)were measured at open and closed mouth positions to analyze their correlation with TMD disc displacement.Results The T2 values of the posterior zone of the joint disc in both open and closed positions were higher than those in the anterior zone of the joint disc in the case group(P<0.05);for different anterior displacement degrees of the joint disc,T2 values showed a progressive increase from the normal position group to the mild and moderate anterior displacement groups,while the severely displaced group demonstrated a decreasing trend(P<0.01);joint clicking and occlusal abnormalities were independent risk factors for non-reducible anterior joint disc displacement in TMD patients.Conclusion Scans during both mouth-opening and closing positions can be used to assess joint disc injury in TMD;T2 mapping technology can quantitatively and sensitively reflect changes in the biochemical composition of joint disc microstructure.

Objective: To retrospectively analyze the epidemiological characteristics of supernumerary teeth in patients aged 4-18 years old and the influencing factors on the selection of anesthesia methods, and to provide a reference for the selection of anesthesia plans for children and adolescents with supernumerary teeth. Methods: This study is a retrospective study approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee. Based on clinical electronic medical record system and cone beam CT (CBCT) data, a retrospective analysis was conducted on 2 210 patients 4-18 years of age who underwent supernumerary tooth extraction at the School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University from August 2019 to July 2021. Inclusion criteria: ① Age 4-18 years old; and ② The American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classifies anesthesia into grades I-II; and ③ Have complete oral and anesthesia case records and relevant imaging data. Exclusion criteria: ① Incomplete medical records or unclear imaging data; and ② Patients with ASA grade II or above. Patients’ gender and age, the number of supernumerary teeth, arch, location, orientation, eruption status, reason for appointment, anxiety level, degree of cooperation, anesthesia method, and other relevant information were collected and statistically analyzed. Results: A total of 1 865 eligible patients were included, with an average age of (8.9±3.2) years old. There were more male patients (71.37%, 1 331 cases) than female patients (28.63%, 534 cases) (P < 0.001), with a gender ratio of 2.49:1. The majority of supernumerary teeth were single (75.97%, 1 417/1 865), primarily located in the maxilla (97.2%, 1 812/1 865) and the anterior dental region (94.2%, 1 757/1 865), and in a centric position (77.3%, 1 442/1 865). The majority of patients with erupted supernumerary teeth were active in seeking treatment (97.67%, 335/343). Patients with supernumerary teeth located in the maxilla and mandible bones, as well as in the nasal floor, were mainly referred to the department for diagnosis, accounting for 94.38%(1 361/1 442) and 90.00% (72/80) (χ2=1 363.24, P < 0.001), respectively. Regarding anesthesia methods, the largest proportion of patients received nitrous oxide sedation-assisted local anesthesia or nerve block anesthesia, accounting for 38.07% (710/1 865), followed by local anesthesia, accounting for 35.23% (657/1 865). The proportion of patients receiving midazolam intravenous sedation with local anesthesia or nerve block anesthesia and general anesthesia was relatively small, accounting for 20.86% (389/1 865) and 5.84% (109/1 865). Patients 13-18 years of age with supernumerary teeth in the mandibular and posterior regions and without anxiety had the highest proportion of local anesthesia use (P < 0.001). In contrast, patients who had supernumerary teeth located at the base of the nose (50%), severe anxiety (94.12%), and poor cooperation (98.18%) had the highest proportion of general anesthesia use (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference (P = 0.35) in the incidence of intraoperative and postoperative complications after the extraction of supernumerary teeth. However, the proportion of anesthesia-related complications, such as dizziness, coughing, and respiratory depression, occurring in patients who received general anesthesia was higher than local anesthesia, accounting for 3.81% (P = 0.006). Conclusion There is a gender difference in the incidence of supernumerary teeth in patients 4-18 years of age, with a higher prevalence in males. The majority of supernumerary teeth are single and located in the maxillary anterior region, predominantly in a centric position. Patients whose teeth had erupted were more likely to seek medical treatment voluntarily, while patients with supernumerary teeth located in the maxilla and mandible bones, as well as in the nasal floor were more likely to be referred to the department. Patients with high levels of anxiety, poor cooperation, young age, multiple teeth, and high surgical difficulty were more inclined to choose general anesthesia.

OBJECTIVE To establish a method for determination cinoxate and other 30 kinds of sunscreen agents in sunscreen cosmetics by HPLC. METHODS Twenty-one fat-soluble sunscreen agents(1#−21#) were ultrasonically extracted by the mixed solution of methanol-tetrahydrofuran(1∶1), 10 kinds of water-soluble sunscreen agents(22#−31#) were ultrasonically extracted by the mixed solution of methanol-tetrahydrofuran-water(2∶3∶5) from the samples. Agilent Zorbax SB C18(4.6 mm× 250 mm, 5 μm) column was used to separate cinoxate and other fat-soluble sunscreen agents(1#−20#), Agilent Zorbax SB C18(2.1 mm× 100 mm, 3.5 μm) column was used to separate polysiloxane-15(21 #) , Waters Symmetry C18(4.6 mm× 250 mm, 5 μm) column was used to separate 10 water-soluble sunscreen agents. Methanol-isopropanol-water, isopropanol-tetrahydrofuran-water, and methanol-acetonitrile-0.02 mol·L−1 ammonium acetate solution(add phosphoric acid to adjust pH to 5.0) were used as mobile phase in gradient elution respectively. The flow rates were 1.2, 0.5, 1.0 mL·min−1. The detection wavelengths were 358nm(7 #, 11 #) , 295 nm(23#−25#, 27#−31#), 311 nm(other components). The injection volumes were 5 µL(polysiloxane-15) and 10 µL(other component), the column temperature was set at 30℃. RESULTS The linear relationships(r>0.9999) of 31 sunscreen agents were good in corresponding concentration range. The limit of detection were in the range of 0.002%−0.02%. The recoveries of two substrates at three different supplemental levels ranged from 92.4% to 110.3%, with the RSDs of 0.02%−4.5%. Forty batches of domestic and imported sunscreen cosmetics were determined by this method, 17 kinds of approved sunscreen agents were detected, of which polysiloxane-15 were detected in 10 batches of samples. By comparing with the current method in Safety and Technical Standards for Cosmetics(2015 edition) , it was found that the extraction efficiency of fat-soluble sunscreen agents was superior to the current method, the stability of drometrizole trisiloxan was improved, cinoxate, polysiloxane-15 and other 7 kinds of sunscreens were added. CONCLUSION This method is accurate, sensitive and reliable, which can be used for the detection and analysis of sunscreen in sunscreen cosmetics.

Background At present, the practice of pulmonary rehabilitation for pneumoconiosis in China is in a primary stage. The basis for formulating an individualized comprehensive pulmonary rehabilitation plan is still insufficient, which is one of the factors limiting the development of community-level rehabilitation work. Objective To formulate an exercise prescription based on maximum heart rate measured by cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET), conduct an individualized comprehensive pulmonary rehabilitation program with the exercise prescription for patients with stable pneumoconiosis, and evaluate its role in improving exercise endurance and quality of life, thus provide a basis for the application and promotion of pulmonary rehabilitation. Methods A total of 68 patients were recruited from the Occupational Disease Prevention Hospital of Jinneng Holding Coal Industry Group Co., Ltd. from April to August 2022 , and were divided into an intervention group and a control group by random number table method, with 34 cases in each group. All the pneumoconiosis patients participated in a baseline test. The control group was given routine drug treatment, while the intervention group received multidisciplinary comprehensive pulmonary rehabilitation treatment on the basis of routine drug treatment, including health education, breathing training, exercise training, nutrition guidance, psychological intervention, and sleep management, whose exercise intensity was determined according to the maximum heart rate provided by CPET. The rehabilitation training lasted for 24 weeks. Patients were evaluated at registration and the end of study respectively. CPET was used to measure peak oxygen uptake per kilogram (pVO₂/kg), anaerobic threshold (AT), carbon dioxide equivalent of ventilation (EqCO₂), maximum metabolic equivalent (METs), and maximum work (W_max). The modified British Medical Research Council Dyspnea Questionnaire (mMRC), Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Assessment Test (CAT), and Short Form of Health Survey (SF-36) were used to evaluate the potential effect of the comprehensive pulmonary rehabilitation program. Results Among the included 68 patients, 63 patients were having complete data, then 31 cases were assigned in the control group and 32 cases in the interventional group. Before the intervention, there was no significant difference in pVO₂/kg, AT, EqCO₂, METs, or W_max between the two groups (P>0.05). At the end of the trail, the indicators like pVO₂/kg [(19.81±2.38) mL·(min·kg)⁻¹], AT [(14.48±2.33) mL·(min·kg)⁻¹], METs (5.64±0.69), and W_max [(85.25±14) W] of patients in the intervention group were all higher than those [(13.90±2.37) mL·(min·kg)⁻¹, (11.70±1.94) mL·(min kg)⁻¹, (3.97±0.70), and (61.77±14.72) W, respectively] in the control group (P<0.001); there was no significant difference in EqCO₂ between the two groups (P=0.083). Before the trial, there was no significant difference in mMRC, SAS, SDS, PSQI, or CAT scores between the two groups (P>0.05). At the end of the trail, the mMRC score (1.16±0.57), SAS score (27.93±2.12), SDS score (26.48±1.44), PSQI score (1.08±0.88), and CAT score (4.34±3.28) of patients in the intervention group were lower than those [(2.03±0.83), (35.87±6.91), (34.23±6.65), (5.37±3.03), and (13.87±7.53), respectively] in the control group (P<0.001). The SF-36 scores of bodily pain (94.13±10.72), general health (87.50±5.68), vitality (95.31±5.53), mental health (99.88±0.71), and health changes (74.22±4.42) in the intervention group were higher than those [(71.87±32.72), (65.81±15.55), (74.52±16.45), (86.97±16.56), and (29.84±13.50), respectively] in the control group (P<0.001), and no significant difference was found in social functioning and role emotional scores (P>0.05). Conclusion Comprehensive pulmonary rehabilitation can increase the oxygen intake and exercise endurance of pneumoconiosis patients, ameliorate dyspnea symptoms, elevate psychological state and sleep quality, and improve the quality of life.

Objective To study the effect of different types of renal puncture needles on the risk of bleeding after renal puncture.Methods A retrospective analysis was performed on 428 patients who under-went renal biopsy in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University and Jiulongpo District People's Hospital of Chongqing from January 2020 to December 2022.Different types of puncture needles were used to compare the occurrence of postoperative bleeding complications(hematoma,hematuria).Results The incidence of bleeding complications after renal puncture in 428 patients was 21.0％(90/428),of which the incidence of hematoma was 18.9％(81/428),the incidence of hematuria was 2.1％(9/428),the median decrease in hemoglobin(Hb)was 5 g/L,and the incidence of serious complications such as blood transfusion and interventional therapy was 0.7％(4/428).The patients with different types of renal puncture needles were grouped(16G group,18G group).There was no significant difference in baseline data and distri-bution of renal pathological types between the two groups(P＞0.05).The incidence of postoperative bleeding in 16G group and 18G group was 22.4％(52/232)and 19.4％(38/196),respectively.The incidence of hema-toma was 20.6％(48/232)and 16.8％(33/196),respectively.The incidence of hematuria was 1.7％(4/232)and 2.6％(5/196),respectively.The decrease of Hb was 6(0,16)g/L and 4(0,17)g/L,respectively.There was no significant difference(P＞0.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence of serious compli-cations such as blood transfusion,interventional therapy and Hb decrease＞10 g/L between the two groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion Ultrasound-guided renal biopsy is safe and has a low incidence of serious complica-tions.There was no significant relationship between different puncture needle types and postoperative bleeding risk.

Objective To analyze the relationship between serum micro RNA(miR)139-5p,histone deacetylase 4(HDAC4)and glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP)and the severity of brain injury in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy(HIE).Methods From January 2017 to March 2022,72 HIE neonates born in Guangyuan Central Hospital were collected as research objects(study group),while 75 healthy full-term newborns were the control group.The expression levels of miR-139-5p and HDAC4 in serum were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR.ELISA was applied to detect serum GFAP level.Binary logistic regression was applied to analyze the factors affecting the occurrence of severe brain injury in children with HIE.Results Compared with the control group,the serum GFAP(1.30±0.37ng/L vs 0.50±0.15 ng/L)and HDAC4 relative expression level(2.05±0.39 vs 1.02±0.21)in the study group were increased,the relative expression level of miR-139-5p(0.63±0.14 vs 1.01±0.22)and the NBNA score(33.20±1.43 score vs 39.85±2.23 score)was decreased,the differences were statistically significant(t=17.304,20.046,12.436,21.424,all P＜0.05).Compared with the mild to moderate group,the serum GFAP level(1.61±0.47ng/L vs 1.16±0.33ng/L),HDAC4 relative expression level(2.43±0.37 vs 1.87±0.40),miR-139-5p(0.38±0.10 vs 0.74±0.16)and NBNA score(30.52±1.54 score vs 34.46±1.38 score)relative expression level in the severe group were increased,and the differences were statistically significant(t=4.690,5.669,9.900,10.884,all P＜0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that low expression of miR-139-5p,high expression of HDAC4,low NBNA score and low Apgar score within 1 min after birth were risk factors for severe brain injury in HIE children(Wald χ2=5.772～6.969,OR=1.519～1.709,all P＜0.05).Pearson analysis showed that the expression level of serum miR-139-5p was negatively correlated with GFAP,HDAC4(r=-0.416,-0.579,all P＜0.05),while the expression level of serum HDAC4 was positively correlated with GFAP(r= 0.437,P＜0.05).Spearman analysis showed that the expression level of serum miR-139-5p was positively correlated with NBNA score,Apgar score within 1 min after birth,and Apgar score within 5 min after birth(r= 0.398,0.367,0.348,all P＜0.05).Serum HDAC4 expression level was negatively correlated with NBNA score,Apgar score within 1 min after birth,and Apgar score within 5 min after birth(r=-0.364,-0.345,-0.332,all P＜0.05).Conclusion The expression of miR-139-5p in the serum of children with HIE was decreased,and the expression of HDAC4 was increased,miR-139-5p and HDAC4 were associated with the severity of brain injury in children with HIE.

BACKGROUND:Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic inflammatory disease with chronic rheumatic immunity.Soft tissue ossification and fusion and spinal stiffness can cause biomechanical changes. OBJECTIVE:To reconstruct the lumbar-sacral intervertebral disc in ankylosing spondylitis patients with lumbar kyphosis by finite element analysis,and to study the range of motion of each segment of T11-S1 and the biomechanical characteristics of annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus. METHODS:The imaging data were obtained from an ankylosing spondylitis patient with lumbar kyphosis.The original CT image data of continuously scanned spine were imported into Mimics 21.0 in DICOM format,and T11-S1 was reconstructed respectively.The established model was imported into 3-Matic software in the format of"Stl"to reconstruct the intervertebral disc,and the fibrous intervertebral disc model was obtained.The improved model was further imported into Hypermesh software,and the vertebra,nucleus pulposus,annulus fibrosus and ligament were mesh-divided.After the material properties were given,the model was imported into ABAQUS software to observe the range of motion of each vertebral body in seven different working conditions of T11-S1,and analyze the biomechanical characteristics of each segment of annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The range of motion of L1 vertebrae was higher than that of other vertebrae under six different working conditions:extension,forward flexion,rotation(left and right),and lateral flexion(left and right).The maximum range of motion was 2.18° during L1 vertebral flexion,and the minimum range of motion was 0.12° during L5 vertebral extension.(2)The annular fiber flexion at L2-L3 segments was greater than the extension(P<0.05),and the annular fiber flexion at L3-L4 and L4-L5 segments was less than the extension(P<0.05).The left rotation of L1-L2 annular fibers was greater than the right rotation(P<0.05).The left flexion of the annulus was greater than the right flexion in L1-L2,L2-L3,L3-L4,L4-L5 and L5-S1 segments(P<0.05).(3)The nucleus pulposus stresses of T11-L12,L1-L2,L2-L3,L3-L4 and L4-L5 segments in forward flexion were greater than in extension(P<0.05).The left rotation of T12-L1 and L3-L4 segments was smaller than the right rotation(P<0.05),and that of T11-T12,L1-L2,and L2-L3 segments was larger than the right rotation(P<0.05).The left flexion was larger than the right flexion in the T11-S1 segment.(4)It is concluded that in ankylosing spondylitis patients with lumbar kyphosis,the minimum range of motion of the vertebral body is located at the L5 vertebral body in extension.To prevent fractures,it is recommended to avoid exercise in the extension position.During the onset of lumbar kyphosis in patients with ankylosing spondylitis,the maximum stress of the annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus is located in the L1-L2 segment,which is fixed and will not alter with the change of body position.The late surgical treatment and correction of deformity should focus on releasing the pressure of the annulus fibrosus and nucleus pulposus in this segment to avoid the rupture of the annulus fibrosus and the injury of the nucleus pulposus.

BACKGROUND:Ankylosing spondylitis is a progressive inflammation of spinal stiffness deformity caused by tissue ossification and fibrosis.The posture of ankylosing spondylitis patients is abnormal and their activities are limited that minor injuries can lead to thoracolumbar fractures.Traditional medical image observation limits doctors'preoperative decision planning and postoperative disease prevention for ankylosing spondylitis treatment. OBJECTIVE:Based on the spinal model of ankylosing spondylitis patients before and after posterior spinal cancellous ossification osteotomy("Y"osteotomy for short),to explore the biomechanical changes of"Y"osteotomy and fixation in the treatment of ankylosing spondylitis. METHODS:Based on the preoperative and postoperative CT images of an ankylosing spondylitis patient who went to the Second Affiliated Hospital of Inner Mongolia Medical University,a three-dimensional spine model(T11-S1)before and after"Y"osteotomy(L3 osteotomy)was reconstructed in Mimics 19.0 software.A 7.5 Nm torque was applied to the top of T11 vertebral body to simulate the movement of the spine under six conditions:flexion,extension,left bending,right bending,left rotation and right rotation.Finally,the range of motion of each vertebral body,the stress of each intervertebral disc,and the stress of the screw rod system were simulated. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)After"Y"type osteotomy and posterior fixation,the range of motion of all vertebrae in the spine decreased,and the loss rate of upper vertebrae was large(L1:77.95%).(2)The maximum stress of the spinal intervertebral disc before operation occurred at the L1-L2 segment(0.55 MPa),and the maximum stress of the spinal intervertebral disc after operation occurred at the T11-T12 segment(0.50 MPa),and the stress of intervertebral disc below T12 was far less than that before operation.(3)The maximum stress of the screw rod system(166.67 MPa)occurred in the upper and middle segments of the rod body and the root of the pedicle screw.(4)In conclusion,the"Y"type posterior fixation operation enhances the stability of the spine and reduces the range of motion of the spine.The vertebral body decompression of the fixed segment is great and the stress-shielding phenomenon of the lower vertebral body is significant.The stiffness of the rod body and the stress concentration area of the pedicle screw should be strengthened to avoid the fracture of the rod caused by stress fatigue.