Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), as a treasure of the Chinese nation, plays a significant role in maintaining public health. In 2019, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council proposed for the first time the establishment of a TCM registration and evaluation evidence system that integrates TCM theory, "personal experience" and clinical trials (referred to as the "Three-in-One" System) to promote the inheritance and innovation of TCM. Subsequently, the National Medical Products Administration issued several guiding principles to advance the improvement and implementation of this system. Owing to the complexity of its implementation, there are still differing understandings within the TCM industry regarding the positioning of the "Three-in-One" Registration and Evaluation Evidence System, as well as the connotation and value orientation of the "personal experience." To address this, Academician WANG Qi, President of the TCM Association, China International Exchange and Promotion Association for Medical and Healthcare and TCM master, led a group of academicians, TCM masters, TCM pharmacology experts and clinical TCM experts to convene a "Seminar on Promoting the Implementation of the ′Three-in-One′ Registration and Evaluation Evidence System for Chinese Medicinals." Through extensive discussions, an expert consensus was formed, clarifying the different roles of the TCM theory, "personal experience" and clinical trials within the system. It was further emphasized that the "personal experience" is the core of this system, and its data should be derived from clinical practice scenarios. In the future, the improvement of this system will require collaborative efforts across multiple fields to promote the high-quality development of the Chinese medicinal industry.

In China, the crude oil supply is highly dependent on overseas countries, and thus strengthening crude oil self-sufficiency has become an important issue of the national energy security. Tertiary oil recovery, especially polymer flooding, has been widely applied in large oil fields in China, which can increase the recovery rate by 15%-20% compared with water flooding. However, the widely used oil flooding polymers show poor thermal stability and salinity tolerance, complicated synthesis ways of monomers, and environmental unfriendliness. Moreover, the polymer flooding induces problems including pore plugging, heterogeneity intensification, high dispersion of remaining oil resources, pressure rise in injection wells, and low efficiency circulation of injection medium, which restrict the subsequent recovery of old oil fields. Here, we systematically review the developing and current situations of polymer flooding, introduce the innovative biomanufacturing of oil flooding polymers and their monomers or precursors as well as low-cost bio-based chemical raw materials for multiple compound flooding. The comprehensive study of the relationships between microbial fermentation metabolites and polymer flooding will reveal the green and low-carbon paths for polymer flooding. Such study will enable the application of enzymes produced by microorganisms in polymer production and polymer plugging removal after polymer flooding as well as the application of microbial metabolites such as biosurfactants, organic acids, alcohols, biogas, and amino acids in enhancing oil recovery. This review suggests that incorporating biomanufacturing into polymer flooding will ensure the high productivity and stability for crude oil production in China.
Polymers/metabolism* ; China ; Petroleum ; Oil and Gas Fields

Synthetic biology is a crucial tool for the development of the bio-industry and bio-economy, representing a significant aspect of new quality productive forces. As a core course for graduate students in bioengineering, Synthetic Biology plays a vital role in ensuring the supply of essential talents for the development of the bio-industry in the new era. To better serve regional economic development and provide high-level talents for China's progress in the bio-industry, we analyzed typical issues encountered in the past teaching activities, set up a multi-disciplinary teaching team, optimized the course contents, adjusted the teaching mode, and mobilized students' learning interest. With the application of scientific research project as the starting point, we guided students to think and discuss deeply through the simulation of application writing and project defense, which improved students' critical thinking and innovative thinking. With industrialization as a focus, we explored a new training model combining production, education, and research through the joint practice base of the university and enterprises introduced typical cases of biomanufacturing to encourage students to engage in scientific research. The teaching reform significantly enhances the comprehensive abilities and national sentiments of graduate students. This paper hopes to serve as a reference for colleagues engaged in teaching in this field.
Synthetic Biology/education* ; Teaching ; China ; Humans

Objective:This study was designed to explore the distribution pattern of TCM syndrome types in patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) stage 3-5 without alternative treatment after objective collection of TCM quad-diagnostic instruments.Methods:The four-diagnostic instruments of Chinese medicine were used to collect the four-diagnostic information of patients with stage CKD 3-5 non-alternative treatment for syndrome determination, and the correlation between TCM syndrome and basic disease characteristics of patients was analyzed.Results:The distribution of TCM syndrome types in 464 patients with CKD 3-5 stage non-substitution therapy was based on deficiency syndrome, and had both standard and solid syndrome. Qi-deficiency syndrome was the most common type, accounting for 24.6% (114/464), followed by kidney-yang deficiency syndrome, heart-qi deficiency syndrome, kidney-yin deficiency syndrome, heart-blood deficiency syndrome, spleen-yang deficiency syndrome and lung-yin deficiency syndrome. The positivism type of this deficiency is blood stasis, dampness-heat, moisture, turbidity and turbidity toxicity. There was no significant difference in gender and age distribution among patients with different CKD stages ( P>0.05), but the proportion of deficiency syndrome gradually increased with the increase of age. There were differences in the distribution of primary deficiency syndrome in different CKD stages ( χ2=57.48, P<0.001), but no difference in the distribution of primary deficiency syndrome ( χ2=2.59, P=0.957). Conclusions:According to the four diagnostic instrument of traditional Chinese medicine, the distribution of TCM syndrome types in patients with stage CKD3-5 non-alternative treatment is based on deficiency syndrome, combined with deficiency of primary and solid syndrome. The syndrome types in CKD3 stage were mainly qi deficiency and kidney qi deficiency, while the TCM syndrome types in CKD stage 4 were qi deficiency and kidney Yang deficiency. With the progression of the disease, the TCM syndromes of stage 5 CKD were mainly heart-qi deficiency and kidney-yang deficiency.

Objective To develop nurses'knowledge,attitude and practice questionnaire on medication management for patients with dysphagia,and test its reliability and validity.Methods Based on the evidence-based summary of the best evidence of medication management for patients with dysphagia,guided by the the-ory of knowledge,attitude and practice,the basic dimensions and item pool of the questionnaire were deter-mined through group discussion,Delphi expert consultation and pre-investigation.In order to revise the ques-tionnaire,437 nurses from 10 tertiary hospitals in Jiangsu Province were conveniently selected for investigation,and the reliability and validity of the questionnaire were tested according to the survey results.Results The nurses'knowl-edge,attitude and practice questionnaire on medication management for patients with dysphagia included 43 items in three dimensions.The three dimensions were analyzed by exploratory factors,and six common factors with characteristic roots>1 were extracted.Two factors were extracted from the knowledge dimension,and the cumulative variance contribution rate was 74.958%,One factor was extracted from the attitude dimen-sion,and the cumulative variance contribution rate was 77.655%.Three factors were extracted from the prac-tice dimension,and the cumulative variance contribution rate was 72.274%.The factor load of each item was 0.618-0.902,Cronbach's α coefficient of the total questionnaire was 0.949,and the test-retest reliability was 0.909.The overall content validity coefficient of the questionnaire was 0.922,and the content validity coeffi-cient for each item was 0.800-1.000.Conclusion The nurses'knowledge,attitude and practice questionnaire on medication management for patients with dysphagia developed in this study has good reliability and validi-ty,and could be used as an effective tool to evaluate the status quo of nurses'medication management for pa-tients with dysphagia.

Objective To identify the characteristics of complementary and alternative therapies for cancer patients and investigate the effect on symptom clusters in cancer patients,in order to provide references in management of the symptom clusters.Methods A scoping review was conducted to search nine databases,namely PubMed,Cochrane Library,Web of Science,Embase,PsycINFO,CINAHL,CNKI,Wanfang Data,and VIP,for literatures published between January 2016 and January 2024.Results Twenty articles focusing on complementary and alternative therapies were included.Four themes were identified from the retrieved articles:cancer research subjects,characteristics of complementary alternative therapies,type of symptom cluster and effectiveness of complementary alternative therapies.Specifically,the cancer research subjects in relation to symptom cluster management included those of breast cancer,advanced cancer and the cancer under radio or chemotherapy.The most commonly used types of complementary and alternative therapies in managing the symptom clusters were exercise therapies,cognitive-behavioural interventions,traditional Chinese medicine therapies,multidisciplinary collaborative models and specific interventions.Interventions for symptom clusters predominantly targeted fatigue,mental status,pain,and gastrointestinal symptoms.Conclusion The interventions for symptom clusters in complementary and alternative therapies vary across different types of complementary and alternative therapies,so as the effectiveness.Some of the complementary and alternative therapies have unidentified effects and further investigations are required.The complementary and alternative therapies currently that have been used in managing the symptom clusters were found to have shortcomings.Further studies should focus on sentinel and core symptoms of symptom clusters and emphasize the development of standardised and individualised intervention plans based on symptom management theories,hence to improve the management of symptom clusters in cancer patients.

Following the principles of evidence-based medicine,in accordance with the structure and drafting rules of standardized documents,based on literature research,according to the characteristics of chronic cough in children and issues that need to form a consensus,the TCM Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Cough in Children was formulated based on the Delphi method,expert discussion meetings,and public solicitation of opinions.The guideline includes scope of application,terms and definitions,eti-ology and diagnosis,auxiliary examination,treatment,prevention and care.The aim is to clarify the optimal treatment plan of Chinese medicine in the diagnosis and treatment of this disease,and to provide guidance for improving the clinical diagnosis and treatment of chronic cough in children with Chinese medicine.

The Principle of Biotechnology is a compulsory course for undergraduates majoring in bioengineering at Zhejiang University of Technology. In response to the "Double First-Class" initiative and in order to improve the teaching effect of this course and the quality of talent training, we reformed the teaching of Principle of Biotechnology, the core course in bioengineering. Specifically, we reorganized the teaching contents, improved the process management of teaching and learning, and implemented multi-dimensional teaching practice. These measures improved teaching quality and promoted the achievement of training goals, which was of great significance for developing "First-Class" disciplines.
Biotechnology/education* ; Teaching ; China ; Curriculum ; Bioengineering/education* ; Universities

Tacrolimus (FK506) is a 23-membered macrolide with immunosuppressant activity that is widely used clinically for treating the rejection after organ transplantation. The research on tacrolimus production was mainly focused on biosynthesis methods, within which there are still some bottlenecks. This review summarizes the progress made in tacrolimus biosynthesis via modification of metabolic pathways and control of fermentation process, with the hope to address the technical bottlenecks for tacrolimus biosynthesis and improve tacrolimus production by fermentation engineering and metabolic engineering.
Tacrolimus ; Immunosuppressive Agents ; Fermentation ; Macrolides ; Anti-Bacterial Agents

Objective:To establish Wistar rat models of acute radiation esophagitis, and observe the histopathological changes at different time points after modeling.Methods:Wistar rats were locally irradiated with different doses of 6 MV X-rays, and the rats were sacrificed on the 3 rd, 5 th, 7 th, and 14 th days after irradiation. The full-length esophagus tissue was taken for paraffin embedding, sectioning, and hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining for pathological assessment. The pathological changes of the esophagus of the rats were observed at the 3 rd, 5 th, 7 th, and 14 th days after 25 Gy and 30 Gy irradiation. The changes of daily dietary intake of rats in different irradiation groups within 1-2 weeks after radiation exposure were observed. Results:No rat died in two groups after being irradiated with 25 Gy and 30 Gy rays. All the rats in the 30 Gy group had esophagus injury. On the 7 th day, the degree of injury was the most serious, with a pathological score of 5.00±0.75 and a food intake of 0 g. On the 14 th day, the degree of injury was relieved, and the food intake was restored to the level before irradiation. Conclusions:The Wistar rat model of acute radiation esophagitis can be established by a single dose of 6 MV X-ray 30 Gy irradiation to the esophagus. The 7 th day after irradiation is an ideal observation time for the acute injury phase, which is gradually alleviated after the 7 th day. The time can be chosen from 7-14 days after irradiation as the observation point for the healing repair phase.