Objective To investigate the current situation of frailty in patients with home peritoneal dialysis and analyze its influencing factors,so as to provide bases for early identification of high-risk groups and targeted clinical intervention.Methods From October to December 2024,205 home-based peritoneal dialysis patients under long-term follow-up at a tertiary A hospital in Zhongshan,Guangdong Province,were selected by convenience sampling.The General Information Questionnaire,Fried Phenotype Scale,Nutritional Risk Screening Tool,Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale,and Social Support Rating Scale were used to investigate the influencing factors of frailty in home-based peritoneal dialysis patients by ordinal logistic regression analysis.Results A total of 201 valid questionnaires were collected.The prevalence of frailty among home-based peritoneal dialysis patients was 24.3％,while 39.3％were in the pre-frailty stage,and 36.3％showed no frailty.0rdinal logistic regression analysis revealed that age,residence location,primary disease,sleep status,serum albumin concentration,and exercise self-efficacy level were influencing factors of frailty in the home peritoneal dialysis patients(P＜0.05).Conclusion The incidence of frailty in patients with home peritoneal dialysis is higher,and patients with advanced age,living in rural areas,other types of primary diseases,insomnia,low serum albumin concentration and low exercise self-efficacy are more likely to develop frailty.Specialist doctors and nurses of peritoneal dialysis should pay attention to the early screening of frailty in patients with peritoneal dialysis at home,and take personalized intervention measures to prevent or delay the occurrence of frailty according to the relevant risk factors.

Objective This study aimed to adapt the data-driven Palliative Care Outcomes Collaboration(PCOC)model to the local context and evaluate its feasibility and preliminary effectiveness in a palliative care unit in China,with the goal of informing its broader integration into national palliative care practice.Methods Based on international experience,a localized implementation protocol for the PCOC model was developed through expert con-sultations and a pilot study.The protocol incorporated key elements including organizational and managerial sup-port,team training and capacity building,information system integration,supervision and feedback mechanisms,pro-cess optimization,and data-driven decision-making.From June to December 2023,the protocol was piloted in the palliative care unit of a tertiary cancer hospital in Changsha,China.Implementation outcomes were assessed by comparing patients' urgent care response rates,symptom stability rates,and symptom improvement rates between the first 1～3 months and 4～6 months after implementation.Results During the study period,a total of 355 inpatients were enrolled,with the PCOC assessment achieving full coverage(100％)and a completion rate of 97.78％.There was no statistically significant difference in the urgent needs response rate between the first 1～3 months and the 4～6 months after the implementation of the PCOC model(P=0.533).However,compared to the first 1～3 months af-ter implementation,patients in the 4～6 months period showed significantly higher symptom stability rates for pain,psychological/spiritual issues,and family/caregiver problems,as well as a higher improvement rate for pain(P＜0.05).Conclusion The localized PCOC implementation protocol facilitates standardized assessment and symptom manage-ment,and its application can enhance the quality of palliative care.

Objective:To explore the clinical application value of artificial intelligence（AI）-assisted training in enhancing the accuracy of nuchal translucency（NT）identification，standardization of measurement，and diagnostic efficacy for abnormalities among ultrasound residents.Methods:A retrospective collection of 300 standard fetal NT ultrasound images was conducted at the Center for Medical Ultrasound，Suzhou Hospital Affiliated of Nanjing Medical University from January 2018 to June 2024. The AI model performed NT measurements and diagnoses once. Four sonographers of different seniority levels（including two resident physicians）independently conducted NT measurements and diagnoses twice. Prior to the experiment，the middle-age and resident sonographers had uniformly completed traditional theory training. Following the first independent measurements，the two resident sonographers received additional AI-assisted training，after which all 4 sonographers performed the second independent measurements. A fetal medicine expert evaluated blindly all the results and compared the differences in NT recognition accuracy，measurement standard rate and diagnosis accuracy between the middle-age sonographer（traditional training only）and two resident sonographers（traditional + AI-assisted training）.Results:For the middle-aged sonographer who only received traditional lecture-based training，the accuracy of NT recognition，standardization rate of measurement，or diagnostic accuracy were not significantly improved befroe and after the training，and the diffrence was not statistically significant（ χ2=0.189，1.887，0.326；all P>0.05）. In contrast，the second-year resident（Resident 2）and first-year resident（Resident 1），who received both traditional lecture-based training and AI training，demonstrated some improvements in the accuracy of NT measurement site recognition，though the differences were not statistically significant（ χ2=1.301，2.418；all P>0.05）. However，both residents did significant improvements in the standardization rate of NT measurement（ χ2=25.768，17.035；all P<0.05）. In terms of diagnostic accuracy，Resident 1 did significant improvement（ χ2=10.180， P<0.05），while Resident 2 also did some improvement，though the difference was not statistically significant（ χ2=2.573， P>0.05）. Conclusions:The AI-assisted training system enhances the ability of ultrasound resident sonographers to recognize，measure，and diagnose NT，providing a novel and efficient training model for standardized residency training in ultrasound specialties.

Objective:To investigate the diagnostic value of fetal cardiac ultrasound view visualization in the first trimester for congenital heart disease（CHD）.Methods:A retrospective analysis was performed on 13 323 singleton fetuses who underwent first-trimester（11-13 +6 weeks）ultrasound screening at the Ultrasound Medicine Center，the Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from January 2018 to June 2024. Cardiac views including the four-chamber view（4CV），left ventricular outflow tract view（LVOT），and Results:The study group showed significantly higher rates of "poorly visualized" 4CV，LVOT，and 3VT than the control group（2.70% vs. 0.14%， P=0.005；36.49% vs. 4.76%， P<0.001；36.49% vs.2.46%， P<0.001）. The efficacies of combination 1（any view abnormal）and combination 2（any view "poorly visualized" or "abnormal"）were comparable，with AUCs of 0.86 and 0.85（ P=0.424）. The AUCs of combination 3（3VT "poorly visualized" or any view "abnormal"）and combination 4（4CV "poorly visualized" or any view "abnormal"）were 0.88 and 0.86（ P=0.424），all significantly higher than combination 5（LVOT "poorly visualized" or any view "abnormal"，AUC=0.84，all P<0.05）. Conclusions:"Poorly visualized" cardiac views in the first trimester demonstrate good diagnostic efficacy for CHD，particularly when 3VT or 4CV are affected，warranting heightened clinical vigilance for fetal cardiac anomalies.

ObjectiveTo observe ovarian microvascular damage in rats with cold coagulation and blood stasis syndrome and to explore the mechanism by which Liangfang Wenjing decoction improves this condition in rats. MethodsFifty SPF female SD rats were randomly divided into a blank group， a model group， low-dose （8.1 g·kg^-1） and high-dose groups （16.2 g·kg^-1） of Liangfang Wenjing decoction， and a 4-phenylbutyric acid （0.1 g·kg^-1） group， with 10 rats in each group. The ice-water bath method was employed to establish the rat model of cold coagulation and blood stasis syndrome. Concurrent with modeling， Liangfang Wenjing decoction was administered continuously for 21 days， once daily. The rats' syndrome manifestations and estrous cycles were recorded. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） was used to detect serum reproductive hormone levels and levels of endothelin-1 （ET-1）， nitric oxide （NO）， thrombomodulin （TM）， and von Willebrand factor （vWF） in ovarian tissue. Prothrombin time （PT）， activated partial thromboplastin time （APTT）， thrombin time （TT）， and fibrinogen （FIB） were measured. The ovarian microcirculatory blood perfusion was detected by laser speckle contrast imaging. Hematoxylin-eosin （HE） staining was performed to observe the ovarian histopathology， flow cytometry to detect ovarian apoptosis rate， and transmission electron microscopy to observe the ultrastructure of ovarian microvascular endothelial cells. Western blot was employed to detect the protein expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthase （eNOS）， phosphorylated eNOS （p-eNOS）， Caspase-3， B-cell lymphoma-2 （Bcl-2）， Bcl-2-associated X protein （Bax）， glucose-regulated protein 78 （GRP78）， C/EBP homologous protein （CHOP）， inositol-requiring enzyme1α （IRE1α）， p-IRE1α， apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 （ASK1）， p-ASK1， c-Jun N-terminal kinase （JNK）， and p-JNK. Immunofluorescence was used to detect ovarian Bax and Bcl-2 expression in microvascular endothelial cells. ResultsCompared with the blank group， the model group showed signs of cold coagulation and blood stasis syndrome， prolonged estrus cycles， and reproductive hormone disorders. Histopathological results revealed a decrease in follicle counts at all stages and disorganized granulosa cell arrangement. Ovarian microcirculatory perfusion was significantly decreased （P<0.01）. PT， APTT， and TT were reduced （P<0.05， P<0.01）， while FIB levels were increased （P<0.05）. In ovarian tissue， NO content was decreased， while ET-1， vWF， and TM levels were increased significantly （P<0.01）. The apoptosis rate of ovarian cells was markedly increased （P<0.01）. Furthermore， p-eNOS/eNOS and Bcl-2 were decreased （P<0.05）， whereas Bax， cleaved-Caspase-3/Caspase-3， GRP78， CHOP， p-IRE1α/IRE1α， p-ASK1/ASK1， and p-JNK/JNK expression showed significant increases （P<0.05， P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， Liangfang Wenjing decoction intervention alleviated the symptoms of cold coagulation and blood stasis， gradually restored the estrus cycle， and improved ovarian histopathology and endothelial cell ultrastructure. Microcirculatory blood perfusion was significantly elevated （P<0.05）. NO content in ovarian tissue was elevated， while ET-1， vWF， and TM levels were significantly decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. The p-eNOS/eNOS ratio and Bcl-2 expression were significantly elevated （P<0.05）， while the expression of Bax， cleaved-Caspase-3/Caspase-3， GRP78， CHOP， p-IRE1α/IRE1α， p-ASK1/ASK1， and p-JNK/JNK was significantly decreased （P<0.05， P<0.01）. ConclusionLiangfang Wenjing decoction may regulate the IRE1α/ASK1/JNK signaling pathway to inhibit endoplasmic reticulum stress， attenuate apoptosis， and improve microvascular endothelial injury in ovaries of rats with cold coagulation and blood stasis syndrome.

Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), as a treasure of the Chinese nation, plays a significant role in maintaining public health. In 2019, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council proposed for the first time the establishment of a TCM registration and evaluation evidence system that integrates TCM theory, "personal experience" and clinical trials (referred to as the "Three-in-One" System) to promote the inheritance and innovation of TCM. Subsequently, the National Medical Products Administration issued several guiding principles to advance the improvement and implementation of this system. Owing to the complexity of its implementation, there are still differing understandings within the TCM industry regarding the positioning of the "Three-in-One" Registration and Evaluation Evidence System, as well as the connotation and value orientation of the "personal experience." To address this, Academician WANG Qi, President of the TCM Association, China International Exchange and Promotion Association for Medical and Healthcare and TCM master, led a group of academicians, TCM masters, TCM pharmacology experts and clinical TCM experts to convene a "Seminar on Promoting the Implementation of the ′Three-in-One′ Registration and Evaluation Evidence System for Chinese Medicinals." Through extensive discussions, an expert consensus was formed, clarifying the different roles of the TCM theory, "personal experience" and clinical trials within the system. It was further emphasized that the "personal experience" is the core of this system, and its data should be derived from clinical practice scenarios. In the future, the improvement of this system will require collaborative efforts across multiple fields to promote the high-quality development of the Chinese medicinal industry.

Objective:To investigate effects of macrophage polarization on PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and inflammatory response of vascular smooth muscle cells.Methods:THP-1 cells were induced to become macrophages by phaboate,then treated with LPS and IFN-γ,IL-4 and IL-13 for 48 h,and cultured with fresh medium without serum for 24 h.Supernatant was used as conditioned medium.Vascular smooth muscle cells were divided into control group,M0 medium group,M1 medium group and M2 medium group.CCK-8 was used to detect cell proliferation,flow cytometry was used to detect cell apoptosis,ELISA was used to detect expressions of inflammatory cytokines IL-1α,IL-6 and TGF-β in supernatant of cells,and mRNA and phosphorylated protein expressions of PI3K,Akt and mTOR in vascular smooth muscle cells were detected by RT-qPCR and Western blot.Results:Compared with control group,cell proliferation ability and TGF-β level in supernatant of M0 medium group were significantly decreased(P<0.01),apoptosis rate,IL-1α and IL-6 levels in cell supernatant,mRNA and protein phosphorylation levels of PI3K,Akt and mTOR in cells were significantly increased(P<0.01).Compared with M0 medium group,cell proliferation ability and TGF-β level in supernatant of M1 medium group were significantly decreased(P<0.05),apoptosis rate,IL-1α and IL-6 levels in cell supernatant,mRNA and protein phosphorylation levels of PI3K,Akt and mTOR in cells were significantly increased(P<0.01),the trend was opposite in M2 medium group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Macrophage polarization can regulate expressions of inflammatory cytokines by regulating PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway,and participate in inflammatory response in atherosclerosis.

Objective This study aimed to adapt the data-driven Palliative Care Outcomes Collaboration(PCOC)model to the local context and evaluate its feasibility and preliminary effectiveness in a palliative care unit in China,with the goal of informing its broader integration into national palliative care practice.Methods Based on international experience,a localized implementation protocol for the PCOC model was developed through expert con-sultations and a pilot study.The protocol incorporated key elements including organizational and managerial sup-port,team training and capacity building,information system integration,supervision and feedback mechanisms,pro-cess optimization,and data-driven decision-making.From June to December 2023,the protocol was piloted in the palliative care unit of a tertiary cancer hospital in Changsha,China.Implementation outcomes were assessed by comparing patients' urgent care response rates,symptom stability rates,and symptom improvement rates between the first 1～3 months and 4～6 months after implementation.Results During the study period,a total of 355 inpatients were enrolled,with the PCOC assessment achieving full coverage(100％)and a completion rate of 97.78％.There was no statistically significant difference in the urgent needs response rate between the first 1～3 months and the 4～6 months after the implementation of the PCOC model(P=0.533).However,compared to the first 1～3 months af-ter implementation,patients in the 4～6 months period showed significantly higher symptom stability rates for pain,psychological/spiritual issues,and family/caregiver problems,as well as a higher improvement rate for pain(P＜0.05).Conclusion The localized PCOC implementation protocol facilitates standardized assessment and symptom manage-ment,and its application can enhance the quality of palliative care.

Objective:To investigate effects of macrophage polarization on PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and inflammatory response of vascular smooth muscle cells.Methods:THP-1 cells were induced to become macrophages by phaboate,then treated with LPS and IFN-γ,IL-4 and IL-13 for 48 h,and cultured with fresh medium without serum for 24 h.Supernatant was used as conditioned medium.Vascular smooth muscle cells were divided into control group,M0 medium group,M1 medium group and M2 medium group.CCK-8 was used to detect cell proliferation,flow cytometry was used to detect cell apoptosis,ELISA was used to detect expressions of inflammatory cytokines IL-1α,IL-6 and TGF-β in supernatant of cells,and mRNA and phosphorylated protein expressions of PI3K,Akt and mTOR in vascular smooth muscle cells were detected by RT-qPCR and Western blot.Results:Compared with control group,cell proliferation ability and TGF-β level in supernatant of M0 medium group were significantly decreased(P<0.01),apoptosis rate,IL-1α and IL-6 levels in cell supernatant,mRNA and protein phosphorylation levels of PI3K,Akt and mTOR in cells were significantly increased(P<0.01).Compared with M0 medium group,cell proliferation ability and TGF-β level in supernatant of M1 medium group were significantly decreased(P<0.05),apoptosis rate,IL-1α and IL-6 levels in cell supernatant,mRNA and protein phosphorylation levels of PI3K,Akt and mTOR in cells were significantly increased(P<0.01),the trend was opposite in M2 medium group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Macrophage polarization can regulate expressions of inflammatory cytokines by regulating PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway,and participate in inflammatory response in atherosclerosis.

Objective To investigate the current situation of frailty in patients with home peritoneal dialysis and analyze its influencing factors,so as to provide bases for early identification of high-risk groups and targeted clinical intervention.Methods From October to December 2024,205 home-based peritoneal dialysis patients under long-term follow-up at a tertiary A hospital in Zhongshan,Guangdong Province,were selected by convenience sampling.The General Information Questionnaire,Fried Phenotype Scale,Nutritional Risk Screening Tool,Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale,and Social Support Rating Scale were used to investigate the influencing factors of frailty in home-based peritoneal dialysis patients by ordinal logistic regression analysis.Results A total of 201 valid questionnaires were collected.The prevalence of frailty among home-based peritoneal dialysis patients was 24.3％,while 39.3％were in the pre-frailty stage,and 36.3％showed no frailty.0rdinal logistic regression analysis revealed that age,residence location,primary disease,sleep status,serum albumin concentration,and exercise self-efficacy level were influencing factors of frailty in the home peritoneal dialysis patients(P＜0.05).Conclusion The incidence of frailty in patients with home peritoneal dialysis is higher,and patients with advanced age,living in rural areas,other types of primary diseases,insomnia,low serum albumin concentration and low exercise self-efficacy are more likely to develop frailty.Specialist doctors and nurses of peritoneal dialysis should pay attention to the early screening of frailty in patients with peritoneal dialysis at home,and take personalized intervention measures to prevent or delay the occurrence of frailty according to the relevant risk factors.