Objective: To statistically analyze the association between blood donation intervals and the incidence of adverse reactions to blood donation based on blood donor data from Shenzhen. Methods: Basic data and records of adverse reactions to blood donation among voluntary whole blood donors in Shenzhen from January 2017 to June 2025 were extracted. A total of 795 404 whole blood donations were recorded, including 502 743 from males and 292 661 from females, with 1 088 and 751 cases of adverse reactions, respectively. Analyses were performed using R software, including restricted cubic spline (RCS), binary logistic regression, and generalized estimating equations (GEE) to evaluate the correlation between donation intervals and adverse reactions. Results: A total of 1 839 cases of adverse reactions were recorded, accounting for 0.23% of the total donations. Both binary logistic regression analysis and the generalized estimating equations (GEE) model showed that there was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions between male and female donors with an interval of ≥6 months compared to those with an interval of ≥3 months but<6 months. Furthermore, using the 3-5 month interval group as the reference, the analysis indicated that the incidence of adverse reactions significantly increased in males with a 9-12 month interval, while no statistically significant differences were observed across any of the female subgroups. Conclusion: There was no significant correlation between adverse reactions to blood donation and the donation interval. Compared with a donation interval of ≥6 months, an interval of<6 months does not lead to an increase in the incidence of adverse reactions among male or female donors. The findings of this study may help enhance the willingness of blood donors to participate.

Objective: To statistically analyze the association between blood donor age and the incidence of adverse reactions based on whole blood donor data from Shenzhen. Methods: Data on basic characteristics and records of adverse donation reactions among voluntary whole blood donors in Shenzhen from January 2017 to June 2025 were extracted. A total of 795 404 whole blood donations were recorded, including 502 743 from males and 292 661 from females, with 1 088 and 751 cases of adverse reactions, respectively. Analyses were performed using R software, including restricted cubic spline (RCS) analysis, binary logistic regression, and generalized estimating equations (GEE) to evaluate the correlation between donor age and adverse reactions. Results: A total of 1 839 cases of adverse reactions were recorded, accounting for 0.23% of the total donations. Both binary logistic regression and GEE model revealed that, compared with the≤55 years age group, the incidence of adverse reactions was reduced in both male and female donors in the >55 years age group, with the difference being statistically significant in males. Using the <23 years age group as a reference, the incidence of adverse reactions significantly decreased in both male and female donors across the 23-30, 31-40, 41-50, and 51-60 age groups, with the differences being statistically significant. Conclusion: There is a negative correlation between the rate of adverse donation reactions and age, with the incidence of such reactions among whole blood donors over 55 years old being no higher than that among donors aged 55 years or younger. These findings carry positive significance for safeguarding the donation rights of older donors and meeting clinical blood demand.

Vascular damage plays a significant role in the onset and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying the induction of neuronal injury by vascular damage remain unclear. The present study aimed to examine the impact of fibrinogen (Fg) on tau pathology. The results showed that Fg deposits in the brains of tau P301S transgenic mice interact with tau, enhancing the cytotoxicity of pathological tau aggregates and promoting tau phosphorylation and aggregation. Notably, Fg-modified tau fibrils caused enhanced neuronal apoptosis and synaptic damage compared to unmodified fibrils. Furthermore, intrahippocampal injection of Fg-modified tau fibrils worsened the tau pathology, neuroinflammation, synaptic damage, neuronal apoptosis, and cognitive dysfunction in tau P301S mice compared to controls. The present study provides compelling evidence linking Fg and tau, thereby connecting cerebrovascular damage to tau pathology in AD. Consequently, inhibiting Fg-mediated tau pathology could potentially impede the progression of AD.
Animals ; tau Proteins/metabolism* ; Alzheimer Disease/metabolism* ; Fibrinogen/metabolism* ; Mice, Transgenic ; Mice ; Disease Models, Animal ; Memory Disorders/metabolism* ; Male ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Brain/metabolism* ; Hippocampus/metabolism* ; Protein Aggregation, Pathological/metabolism* ; Apoptosis ; Phosphorylation

Otitis media is an infection of the middle ear mainly caused by bacteria, and current treatments rely heavily on antibiotics. However, the emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains seriously affects their efficacy. In our study, we found that extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from human natural killer cells (NKs) inhibit the proliferation of both standard and levofloxacin (LVX)-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, compared to LVX, EVs were more effective at reducing effusion and rescuing hearing thresholds in animal models. For LVX-sensitive strains, EVs were significantly more effective in terms of curative time but not curative rate. For LVX-resistant strains, EVs were significantly more effective in terms of both curative rate and curative time when applied alone or applied jointly with LVX. In summary, we found that NK EVs are highly effective in treating otitis media, providing an alternative approach for treating this common disease.
Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism* ; Exosomes/metabolism* ; Animals ; Humans ; Otitis Media/therapy* ; Staphylococcus aureus/drug effects* ; Disease Models, Animal ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology* ; Levofloxacin/pharmacology*

Objective To investigate the effectiveness of continuous improvement projects based on FOCUS-PDCA on the pathogen sample submission rate before antimicrobial therapy for inpatients.Methods FOCUS-PDCA was used to improve the pathogen sample submission rate in Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University from Jun.to Jul.2023.The inpatients from Jan.to May 2023(before improvement)were enrolled as control group,and the inpatients from Aug.to Dec.2023(after improvement)were enrolled as improvement group.The utilization rate of antibiotics,the submission rate of pathogen samples,the submission rate of clinical microbial samples and the detection rate of multidrug-resistant organisms were compared between the 2 groups.Results The utilization rate of therapeutic antimicrobial agents(32.18％vs 32.93％,P=0.003)and antimicrobial consumption intensity(39.99 defined daily dose[DDD]/100 patient-days vs 44.19 DDD/100 patient-days)in the improvement group were significantly lower than those in the control group.The pathogen sample submission rates before antimicrobial therapy and key antimicrobial combination therapy in the improvement group were significantly higher than those in the control group(52.01％vs 23.64％,87.74％vs 77.71％;both P＜0.001).The qualified rate of microbial specimens in the improvement group was significantly higher than that in the control group(88.77％vs 80.11％,P＜0.001).The detection rates of multidrug-resistant organisms and carbapenem-resistant Klebella pneumoniae in the improvement group were significantly lower than those in the control group(40.45％vs 48.42％,29.65％vs 43.17％;both P＜0.001).Conclusion The continuous improvement projects based on FOCUS-PDCA can improve the pathogen sample submission rate,reduce the detection rate of multidrug-resistant organisms,and promote standardized hospital infection quality management.

Objective To develop a gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry(GC-MS/MS)method for the simultaneous determination of ephedrine and pseudoephedrine in urine.Methods Urine samples containing ephedrine and pseudoephedrine components were extracted with ethyl acetate,centrifuged to collect the supernatant and evaporated to dryness under a nitrogen stream and then derivatized with heptafluorobutyric anhydride 60 μL at 70 ℃ for 30 min,and re-evaporated under nitrogen,and then solubilized with 50 μL of methanol,and then analyzed by GC-MS/MS.Results The method demonstraed excellent linearity for ephedrine(0.05～10 μg/mL,r=0.999 8)and pseudoephedrine(0.02～5 μg/mL,r=0.999 5).Extraction recoveries ranged from 89.4％～95.8％(ephedrine)and 90.3％～93.8％(pseudoephedrine).Limits of detection and quantification of ephedrine and pseudoephedrine were 0.005 μg/mL and 0.01 μg/mL,the intra-day precision and accuracy were less than 5.87％and 9.56％,respectively,and the inter-day precision and accuracy were less than 7.54％and 9.27％,respectively.The stability of ephedrine and pseudoephedrine in urine in 15 d was good under the conditions of room temperature and-20 ℃.Conclusion The GC-MS/MS analytical method for the analysis of ephedrine and pseudoephedrine components in urine established in this study is accurate,stable and sensitive,which can provide data technical support for the forensic toxicological analysis of amphetamine-type drugs or new psychoactive substances in the cathinone group.

The triceps surae muscle-tendon unit(MTU)is the key for effective force generation,transmission,and energy storage and release in human movement,with great influences on sports efficiency,but its injury rate remains high.This review summarizes MTU function and its biomechanical adaptations during running,aiming to deepen the understanding of MTU's role in movement and explore how external factors influence its biomechanical properties,offering scientific insights for improving running performance and preventing injuries.During running,under forefoot striking and wearing shoes with greater stiffness,such as shoes with carbon plate,the energy contraction or return could be achieved through a more economical MTU behavior,namely reducing energy consumption by more economically muscle contraction and more energy storage of elastic elements,and the muscle contraction was exerted at a length closer to the optimal muscle fascicle length and reduced energy consumption caused by muscle contraction.However,adopting forefoot striking,barefoot running,or wearing minimalist shoes during running could increase the mechanical loads on the MTU.After gait retraining,the MTU could contract or return energy more efficiently during running,while the impact of other training methods on MTU was relatively poor,and the research in this area is still not sufficient.Therefore,future research should focus on optimizing the biomechanical properties of the MTU,MTU interaction and balanced development through changes in movement patterns,equipment,and training methods to enhance performance and reduce injuries.

Objective To observe the effect of the self-made reverse leveling device for assisting CT-guided puncture of phantom.Methods The reverse leveling device was made using protractor base,leveling bubble,puncture needle fixator,protractor and protractor pointer,and a puncture phantom was self-made with 18K foam plastic.Using a random function to set the puncture angle,3 physicians performed each 50 punctures at different angles respectively on the puncture phantom without assistance(control group)or under assistance of the self-made reverse leveling device(experimental group),and the absolute values of the errors in angles of puncture needle at head-foot and left-right directions measured on CT among 3 physicians were observed and compared between groups.Taken the absolute values of puncture angle errors at head-foot and left-right directions both≤3° as criteria of qualified puncture,the puncture qualification rates were calculated and compared between groups.Results There was no significant difference of the absolute values of puncture angle error at head-foot or left-right direction with or without assistance among 3 physicians(all P＞0.05).In experimental group,the absolute values of puncture angle error at head-foot and left-right directions were all lower than(both P＜0.001),while the puncture qualification rate was higher than those in control group(52.00%[78/150]vs.4.67%[7/150],χ2=82.752,P＜0.001).Conclusion The self-made reverse leveling device could improve the accuracy of CT-guided puncture of phantom.

Objective:To investigate the diagnostic and prognostic value of systemic immune inflammatory index (SII) for severe traumatic brain injury secondary to acute lung injury (sTBI-ALI).Methods:A retrospective study was conducted on patients with severe traumatic brain injury admitted to the trauma center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from January 2021 to November 2023. Patients received standard treatments including hemostasis and intracranial pressure management. Vital signs and blood routine data were collected upon admission. Patients were categorized into sTBI group and sTBI-ALI group based on established clinical diagnostic criteria for ALI to evaluate the diagnostic utility of SII. Subsequently, within the sTBI-ALI group, patients were stratified into survival and non-survival groups based on their 30-day outcomes to assess the prognostic value of SII.Results:A total of 260 sTBI patients were enrolled, of whom 113 developed ALI. Among the sTBI-ALI patients, 73 survived at 30 days. Compared to the sTBI group, the sTBI-ALI group exhibited significantly higher respiratory rates, heart rates, white blood cell counts, neutrophil counts, platelet counts, and SII levels (all P<0.05). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that SII index ( OR=1.003, 95% CI: 1.002-1.004, P<0.001) was an independent risk factor for ALI development in sTBI patients. The combined predictive model incorporating SII and heart rate yielded an AUC of 0.801 (95% CI: 0.740-0.862). The non-survival group had significantly higher neutrophil counts and SII levels, and significantly lower Glasgow Coma Scale scores than the survival group (all P<0.05). Multifactorial regression analysis indicated that SII index ( OR=1.002, P=0.004, 95% CI: 1.000-1.003) served as an independent risk factor for 30-day mortality in sTBI-ALI patients. The combined predictive model of SII and GCS achieved an AUC of 0.904 (95% CI: 0.848-0.960). Conclusions:SII demonstrates potential as a biomarker for predicting the development of ALI following sTBI. Furthermore, incorporating SII into predictive models significantly enhances the ability to forecast mortality risk in sTBI-ALI patients.

The 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor (5-HT_2AR) is one of the key targets in the development of novel antidepressants. To develop new antidepressants targeting the 5-HT_2A receptor, this study established a high-throughput screening method for drugs targeting the 5-HT_2A receptor based on the principle of detecting calcium flux signals. The immunofluorescence assay and western blotting were employed to evaluate receptor expression levels in the 5-HT_2AR-CHO cell line. The reaction system parameters, including cell seeding density, DMSO concentration, and dye incubation time, were optimized with Z'-factor and signal window values as evaluation indicators. The specificity, precision, stability, and applicability of the method were assessed. Results indicated that the 5-HT_2AR-CHO cell line stably expressed high levels of the 5-HT_2A receptor. The optimized screening method involved a reaction system with 10 000 cells/well, 0.2% DMSO, and 2 h incubation with Calcium 6 dye. The method demonstrated excellent specificity, with inter-batch precision below 10% for the detection of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) at low, medium, and high concentrations. Testing four compounds that target the 5-HT_2A receptor- agonists 2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine (DOI), 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT), and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), along with the antagonist MDL100907-yielded Z'-factors (at EC₈₀) greater than 0.85 and signal window values over 0.91. The EC₅₀ values of these compounds were in the nanomolar range, and their potency rank order aligned with previously reported data, confirming the reliability of the established method. When being applied to the detection of 38 known active compounds, the method efficiently identified 5-HT_2A receptor agonists and antagonists while showing no response to non-target compounds. In conclusion, this study successfully constructs a high-throughput screening approach for 5-HT_2A receptor-targeting drugs based on calcium flux signals. The method possesses strong specificity, high sensitivity, and robust stability, being suitable for screening antidepressants targeting the 5-HT_2A receptor.
High-Throughput Screening Assays/methods* ; Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A/metabolism* ; Animals ; CHO Cells ; Cricetulus ; Calcium Signaling/drug effects* ; Antidepressive Agents/pharmacology* ; Humans ; Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Antagonists/pharmacology* ; Calcium/metabolism*