The 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A receptor (5-HT_2AR) is one of the key targets in the development of novel antidepressants. To develop new antidepressants targeting the 5-HT_2A receptor, this study established a high-throughput screening method for drugs targeting the 5-HT_2A receptor based on the principle of detecting calcium flux signals. The immunofluorescence assay and western blotting were employed to evaluate receptor expression levels in the 5-HT_2AR-CHO cell line. The reaction system parameters, including cell seeding density, DMSO concentration, and dye incubation time, were optimized with Z'-factor and signal window values as evaluation indicators. The specificity, precision, stability, and applicability of the method were assessed. Results indicated that the 5-HT_2AR-CHO cell line stably expressed high levels of the 5-HT_2A receptor. The optimized screening method involved a reaction system with 10 000 cells/well, 0.2% DMSO, and 2 h incubation with Calcium 6 dye. The method demonstrated excellent specificity, with inter-batch precision below 10% for the detection of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) at low, medium, and high concentrations. Testing four compounds that target the 5-HT_2A receptor- agonists 2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodoamphetamine (DOI), 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT), and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD), along with the antagonist MDL100907-yielded Z'-factors (at EC₈₀) greater than 0.85 and signal window values over 0.91. The EC₅₀ values of these compounds were in the nanomolar range, and their potency rank order aligned with previously reported data, confirming the reliability of the established method. When being applied to the detection of 38 known active compounds, the method efficiently identified 5-HT_2A receptor agonists and antagonists while showing no response to non-target compounds. In conclusion, this study successfully constructs a high-throughput screening approach for 5-HT_2A receptor-targeting drugs based on calcium flux signals. The method possesses strong specificity, high sensitivity, and robust stability, being suitable for screening antidepressants targeting the 5-HT_2A receptor.
High-Throughput Screening Assays/methods* ; Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A/metabolism* ; Animals ; CHO Cells ; Cricetulus ; Calcium Signaling/drug effects* ; Antidepressive Agents/pharmacology* ; Humans ; Serotonin 5-HT2 Receptor Antagonists/pharmacology* ; Calcium/metabolism*

Objective To investigate the relationship between the expression levels of thyroid transcription factor-1(TTF-1)and Galectin-3 in differentiated thyroid carcinoma(DTC)tissues and clinical manifestations and prognosis of patients.Methods A total of 76 DTC patients admitted to the hospital from January 1,2017 to May 30,2020 were selected as the study objects.Cancer tissue specimens obtained during surgery were in-cluded in the DTC group(n=76),and corresponding paracancer tissue specimens were included in the para-cancer group(n=76).The expressions of TTF-1 and Galectin-3 in DTC group and paracancer group were de-tected by immunohistochemistry,and the relationship between the expression levels of TTF-1 and Galectin-3 and the clinicopathological characteristics of DTC patients was analyzed.Multivariate Cox regression analysis was used to investigate the prognostic factors of DTC patients.Results The positive expression rates of TTF-1 and Galectin-3 in DTC group were higher than those in paracancer group,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).The TTF-1 positive expression rate and Galectin-3 positive expression rate in DTC pa-tients with TNM stage Ⅲ to Ⅳ,low differentiation,tissue type of papillary thyroid carcinoma and lymph node metastasis were higher than those in DTC patients with TNM stage Ⅰ to Ⅱ,medium/high differentiation,tis-sue type of thyroid follicular carcinoma and no lymph node metastasis.The difference was statistically signifi-cant(P＜0.05).The 3-year overall survival rate of TTF-1 negative and Galectin-3 negative DTC patients was higher than that of TTF-1 positive and Galectin-3 positive DTC patients,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that lymph node metastasis,positive TTF-1 and positive Galectin-3 were prognostic factors in DTC patients(P＜0.05).Conclusion TTF-1 and Galectin-3 are related to TNM stage,differentiation degree,tissue type,lymph node metastasis and 3-year sur-vival rate of DTC patients,and have important reference value for the diagnosis and prognosis evaluation of DTC patients.

Cadmium is one of the heavy metals with severe reproductive toxicity,whose half-life lasts 20 to 40 years.Cadmium could induce dysfunction of testis and epididymis for its significant accumulation in human testis,and the amount,motility parameters and morphology of sperm change abnormally.The adverse change could also extend to male offspring and cause the impairment of their reproductive system.There has been no clear mecha-nism of how cadmium induces dysfunction of male reproductive system,and treatment for the adverse influence on male reproductive system by cadmium has not yet been found.Therefore,this problem has been discussed in repro-ductive and environmental field for a long time.A number of previous investigations showed that cadmium could damage male fertility by followed pathways,including interfering with hormone secretion,inducing oxidative stress,activating inflammation and apoptosis,and causing energy metabolism disorder,etc.In order to enlighten new ideas for therapeutic targets of male reproductive function damage induced by cadmium,we systematically reviewed and summarized the findings of previous publications in this paper.

Objective:To explore the risk factors related to delayed pleural effusion in multiple trauma patients.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 145 multiple trauma patients admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from January 2022 to October 2023, including 99 males and 46 females, aged 18-81 years [56.0(46.5, 64.5)years]. Based on whether delayed pleural effusion developed after injury, the patients were divided into delayed pleural effusion group ( n=66) and non-delayed pleural effusion group ( n=79). The clinical data of the patients in both groups were collected, including gender, age, underlying disease (diabetes mellitus and hypertension), cause of injury (traffic injury, blow injury, fall from height, and others), comorbid injuries (traumatic brain injury, maxillofacial fracture, clavicular fracture, scapular fracture, sternal fracture, spinal fracture, multiple rib fracture, pneumothorax, lung contusion, and pelvic fracture), severity of injury [injury severity score (ISS) and abbreviated injury scale (AIS) score for the chest], location and number of rib fractures, vital signs at admission (body temperature, heart rate, respiration, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure), and clinical test indices [white blood cells (WBC), hemoglobin (Hb), platelets (PLT), total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), fibrinogen (FIB), fibrin degradation product (FDP), D-dimer (D-D), aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transferase (ALT), and creatinine (Cr)]. Univariate analysis was conducted to assess the correlation between the forementioned factors and the development of delayed pleural effusion after multiple traumas. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the independent risk factors for the development of delayed pleural effusion after multiple traumas. Results:The results of univariate analysis showed that multiple rib fracture, pneumothorax, pulmonary contusion, chest AIS score, posterior rib fracture, number of rib fractures, TP, ALB, CRP, PCT and FDP were correlated with delayed pleural effusion in multiple trauma patients ( P<0.05 or 0.01); whereas gender, age, underlying disease, cause of injury, sternal fracture, spinal fracture, clavicular fracture, scapular fracture, pelvic fracture, maxillofacial fracture, traumatic brain injury, anterior rib fracture, ISS, vital signs at admission, WBC, Hb, PLT, FIB, D-D, AST, ALT, and Cr were not correlated with delayed pleural effusion in multiple trauma patients ( P>0.05). The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that lung contusion ( OR=3.96, 95% CI 1.59, 9.85, P<0.01), ALB ( OR=0.79, 95% CI 0.66, 0.94, P<0.01), and CRP ( OR=1.02, 95% CI 1.01, 1.03, P<0.01) were significantly correlated with delayed pleural effusion in multiple trauma patients. Conclusion:Lung contusion, ALB, and CRP are the independent risk factors for delayed pleural effusion in multiple trauma patients.

【Objective】 To analyze the RBC products returned by hospitals due to positive direct antiglobulin test (DAT), and explore measures to reduce the discarding rate of blood products and ensure the safety of clinical blood use. 【Methods】 The data of RBC products, which were returned by hospitals due to positive-DAT, in Hebei Blood Center from 2018 to 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The donation time, hospital, gender of blood donors, donation times and DAT typing results were searched through blood donation code, input into the statistical software SPSS17.0, and analyzed by linear trend χ² and Pearsonχ². 【Results】 1)The discarding rate of RBC products due to positive DAT in 2018, 2019 and 2020 accounted for 0.15‰, 0.32‰ and 0.26‰, respectively, of the overall RBC collection. The total concordance rate was 89.94% by our retest. 2)The concordance rate of returned blood from secondary hospitals and tertiary hospitals was 78.26% and 91.78%, respectively (P<0.05), with the latter higher than the former. 3)No statistical significance was noticed in the DAT-positive blood by months(P>0.05). 4)The DAT-positive rate of female donors was higher than that of male donors, and that of first-time blood donors was higher than that of repeated and regular blood donors with statistical differences (P<0.05). 5)DAT-positive typing results was mainly due to IgG incomplete antibody. 【Conclusion】 In order to reduce the discarding rate of RBC products, it is suggested to strengthen the consultation before blood collection, encourage healthy males to donate blood and increase the proportion of regular blood donors. Meanwhile, the quality management of Transfusion Department in secondary hospitals should be further improved to ensure the safety of clinical blood transfusion.

Objective To evaluate the analgesic effect of tetrodotoxin (TTX) in four types of acute pain models and provide experimental support for its rational application. Methods Mice or rats were intramuscularly pretreated with morphine (1 mg/kg) or TTX (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 8 μg/kg) 40 min before acetic acid writhing test, formalin stimulation test, hot plate test or tail flick test. Pain response or pain threshold were recorded, and inhibition rate was calculated during the tests. The arachidonic acid of serum was determined by Elisa. Results Significant analgesic effects were observed with morphine in all four acute pain models. TTX dose-dependently reduced the number of writhing induced by acetic acid and inhibited the pain response induced by formalin during phase I and phase II, with the highest inhibition rate of more than 80.00% in two pain models. TTX showed analgesic effect in tail flick test and hot plate test, with the highest inhibition rate of 25.00% and 19.79%, respectively. Both acetic acid and formalin increased arachidonic acid in animal serum, but TTX had no significant inhibitory effect on the releasing of arachidonic acid. Conclusion TTX showed significant analgesic effect in the chemical stimulation pain models induced by acetic acid and formalin, but limited analgesic effect was observed on the physical stimulation pain model induced by heat (hot plate and hot water). TTX may produce analgesic effect by blocking the inflammatory mediators mediating pain response.

Objective: To explore the application effect of mixed reality technology in the teaching of hepatobiliary surgery. Methods: A total of 120 professional postgraduates majored in surgery who had received the four-month standardized training of residents in hepatobiliary surgery department of the First Affiliated Hospital of Army Military Medical University and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University during 2016-2018 were selected and were equally allocated into the control group and the research group via random number table method. Students in the control group were trained with traditional surgical teaching mode and in the research group were trained with three-dimensional visualization model which was constructed by mixed reality. Students in both groups received assessment and questionnaires at the end of training. Results: Scores of theoretical examination and surgical operation assessment of students in the research group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). The error rate for separating gallbladder artery and bile duct in the laparoscopic simulated system of students in the research group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). Students-teacher satisfaction degree in the research group was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Using mixed reality technology to construct a three-dimensional visualization model and to implement hepatobiliary surgery teaching enables the trainees to better master anatomical key points in the hepatobiliary system and the hepatobiliary surgical approach, with good feedback.

With the progress of medical technology, the development of new drugs and the improvement of the therapeutic effect of graft-versus host disease in the last two decades, the outcomes of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) have been greatly improved. However, graft failure is still a rare but serious complication of allo-HSCT. HLA incompatibility, virus infection, elderly donor, uncontrolled primary disease, damage of bone marrow hematopoietic microenvironment, ABO blood group incompatibility, T cell depletion, reduced intensity conditioning, and low nucleated cell number are all risk factors for graft failure. In recent years, with the implementation of HLA haplo-identical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, the role of donor-specific antibodies in graft failure has attracted attention increasingly. This article reviews the recent studies involving the mechanism, risk factors and prevention measures of graft failure in allo-HSCT.
Graft vs Host Disease ; epidemiology ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; statistics & numerical data ; Humans ; Risk Factors ; Transplantation Conditioning ; Transplantation, Homologous ; standards ; statistics & numerical data

Pathology is a subject that studies the etiology,pathogenesis,pathological changes,progression and outcome of diseases.Pathology links the basic research and clinical practice and is an important part of translational medicine.In order to cultivate qualified pathological graduates with solid pathological theories and the abilities of proposing and addressing scientific hypotheses from pathological morphology changes,we employ modularized special training to divide the pathology training courses into morphology learning module,article searching and reading module,project design module,experiment operation module and scientific presentation module.The training contents among these modules are relatively independent but closely connected,and compose a strategy that aims to improve the scientific innovation ability of pathological graduates.