To explore the correlation between MTHFR C677T gene polymorphism and hypertension, hyperhomocysteinemia(Hcy), and hyperlipidemia in the Tibetan population of Tibet.

Objective To compare and analyze the changes in the use of lung cancer therapeutic drugs before and after the national initiation of health insurance negotiations, and to study the impact of a series of policies on the use of lung cancer drugs. Methods Descriptive statistical methods were used analyze the basic situation of lung cancer patients and the changes of corresponding therapeutic drugs in Peking University People's Hospital from 2014 to 2020, as well as to the hospital procurement data of lung cancer therapeutic drugs in the database of the Chinese Medicine Economic Information. Results From 2014 to 2020, the total cost per capita of lung cancer patients showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, increasing before the national drug negotiation and gradually decreasing after the negotiation. After 2017, the use of small ATC categories such as VEGF/VEGFR inhibitors and EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors increased significantly, along with a rise in the number of monoclonal antibody varieties. The DDDs of osimertinib, anlotinib, alectinib, crizotinib and other drugs in the medical insurance list increased significantly, and the average daily cost decreased significantly. Conclusion The number of hospitalization days for lung cancer patients had continued to shorten in recent years, and the structure of drug use had changed significantly. The adjustment of the medical insurance catalog had led to more innovative lung cancer drugs showing the trend of volume up and price down.

Objective: To develop a convenient, direct, and highly sensitive method for screening trace chemical additives in complex Chinese patent medicines, thereby addressing core technological bottlenecks in pharmaceutical analysis and quality control. Methods: A brush ionization probe device was independently designed and constructed, and an efficient detection method was established through systematic optimization of key parameters. Twenty-three Chinese patent medicine samples, representing 6 dosage forms (capsules, tablets, pills, granules, powders, and liquid preparations), were analyzed using 10 common chemical additives as target analytes. Results: All samples were successfully analyzed without complex pretreatment, and 5 chemical additives were detected in 7 Chinese patent medicines. The brush ionization probe device exhibited cost-effectiveness (~0.2 USD per probe), operational simplicity, rapid analysis (~10s per sample), high efficiency, and minimal reagent consumption (~10 μL per sample). Conclusion: This advancement is expected to provide an innovative scientific tool for improving the generality and convenience of on-site quality control, while promoting technological progress in disciplines such as pharmacology and traditional Chinese medicine.

ObjectiveTo understand the measles, rubella, and mumps antibody seroprevalence among the children aged 18 years and younger in Karamay City, and to evaluate the effectiveness of vaccination. MethodsA stratified whole cluster random sampling method was used to investigate the antibody seroprevalence of measles, rubella, and mumps among the healthy children aged 18 years and younger in Karamay City, and to further analyze the positive antibody rates and the geometric mean concentration (GMC) of antibodies. ResultsA total of 620 people were investigated, and the positive rates of IgG to measles, rubella, and mumps were 72.74%,62.26%, and 86.45%, respectively, with a GMC of308.94 mIU·mL^-1, 21.81 mIU·mL^-1, and 249.10 U·mL^-1. There were statistically significant differences in the positive rates of antibodies to measles, rubella, and mumps among different age groups (χ²_measles=76.707, P<0.001; χ²_rubella=60.804, P<0.001; χ²_mumps=35.407, P<0.001). The differences in positive rates were statistically significant among individuals with different intervals from the time of their last dose vaccination (χ²_measles=60.533, P<0.001; χ²_rubella=46.331, P<0.001; χ²_mumps=22.825, P<0.001). ConclusionThe antibody levels of measles, rubella and mumps among the people aged 18 years and younger in Karamay City are found to be low. Two doses of measles-mumps-rubella (MMR) vaccine should be given to children born before 2020, and if necessary, supplementary immunization with MMR vaccine should be carried out before they are enrolled in nursery and kindergarten. Additionally, regular population-based antibody surveillance should be conducted to promptly identify the people with weak immunity, which is conducive to effectively reducing and controlling the epidemic situation of measles, rubella and mumps in schools.

Objective To analyze the factors influencing the occupational health literacy (OHL) level among workers in key industries from the perspectives of both individual workers and enterprises. Methods A total of 32 336 front-line workers from 12 key industries in the secondary industry in Guangdong Province were selected as the research subjects by a stratified cluster random sampling method. Their OHL level was investigated using Occupational Health Literacy Questionnaire of National Key Populations, and the influencing factors were analyzed. Results The OHL level of the research subjects was 48.5%. The OHL level of the research subjects in four dimensions from high to low was basic knowledge of occupational health protection, occupational health practice and behavior, legal knowledge of occupational health, and basic skills of occupational health protection (80.7%, 61.2%, 48.3% and 29.5%, respectively). The multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the OHL level of female workers was lower than that of males (P<0.05). Lower OHL was also associated with older age, lower education level, lower personal monthly income of workers (all P<0.01). The workers with length of service < 3 years and ≥ 20 years had lower OHL level than those with length of service 3-<10 years and 10-<20 years, respectively (all P<0.05). Workers in larger enterprises had higher OHL levels (all P<0.01). The OHL level of workers in the sixth category of industries with occupational injuries had higher occupational injury risks than those in the third and fourth categories (all P<0.05). The OHL levels of workers in state-owned enterprises, private enterprises, foreign-funded enterprises, and other enterprises were higher than that of workers in public institutions (all P<0.05). Conclusion The influencing factors of workers′ OHL in key industries of the secondary industry include individual factors (gender, age, education level, personal monthly income, length of service) and enterprise factors (enterprise size, enterprise nature and industry injury risk category). Female, older workers, those with lower education or income, and those with short length of service represent priority groups for OHL interventions, while small and micro enterprises are priority units for future workplace health promotion intervention.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) among middle-aged and elderly people in Xihu District, Hangzhou City, so as to provide insights into prevention and intervention of MCI among middle-aged and elderly people. Methods: People aged 55 years and above were sampled from Xihu District using the multi-stage random sampling method, and demographic information, lifestyle behaviors, and chronic disease were collected through questionnaire surveys. The prevalence of MCI was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment, and influencing factors for MCI were analyzed using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: A total of 440 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 97.78%. There were 190 males (43.18%) and 250 females (56.82%). There were 179 respondents at ages of 55 to <65 years, accounting for 40.68%. The prevalence of MCI was 18.64%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of MCI was higher among the middle-aged and elderly people who were aged 65 to 95 years (55 to <65 years as the reference, 65 to <75 years, OR=4.156, 95%CI: 1.284-13.201; 75 to 95 years, OR=5.013, 95%CI: 1.752-14.126), were smokers (OR=4.768, 95%CI: 1.560-14.580), had higher daily cooking oil intake (OR=2.128, 95%CI: 1.062-4.199), had diabetes (OR=4.137, 95%CI: 1.144-4.958) and had hypertension (OR=8.093, 95%CI: 1.697-38.593); while the risk of MCI was lower among the middle-aged and elderly people who were engaged in mental labor (OR=0.074, 95%CI: 0.007-0.756) and had a monthly household income per capita of 4 000 yuan and above (4 000 to <8 000 yuan, OR=0.071, 95%CI: 0.014-0.358; 8 000 yuan and above, OR=0.009, 95%CI: 0.001-0.136). Conclusion MCI among middle-aged and elderly people in Xihu District is affected by age, occupation, monthly household income per capita, smoking, daily cooking oil intake, diabetes and hypertension.

Objective: To explore the influencing factors for sarcopenia among elderly male patients with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), so as to provide the basis for the early prevention and treatment of sarcopenia. Methods: Male T2DM patients aged 60 and above admitted to Hangzhou First People's Hospital from January to December 2024 were selected as the study subjects. Demographic data, T2DM complications, and blood biochemical parameters were collected. Physical activity levels were assessed using the Chinese version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. The diagnosis of sarcopenia was made according to the diagnostic procedures and criteria established by the Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia in 2019. Factors affecting sarcopenia among elderly male patients with T2DM were analyzed using multivariable logistic regression model. Results: A total of 455 elderly male patients with T2DM were surveyed, with a mean age of (71.80±9.55) years. The predominant physical activity level was moderate with 226 cases accounting for 49.67%. The disease course of T2DM was mainly from 10-<20 years, with 229 cases accounting for 50.33%. There were 140 cases of T2DM complications, accounting for 30.77%. A total of 138 cases of sarcopenia were detected, with a prevalence of 30.33%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that age (OR=1.077, 95%CI: 1.003~1.156), body mass index (<18.5kg/m2, OR=11.056, 95%CI: 3.343~36.547; 18.5~<25.0 kg/m2, OR=2.633, 95%CI: 1.420~4.881), physical activity level (low, OR=2.469, 95%CI: 1.421~4.292), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (yes, OR=1.871, 95%CI: 1.091~3.206), T2DM complications (yes, OR=3.015, 95%CI: 1.516~6.001), glycated hemoglobin (≥7%, OR=2.822, 95%CI: 1.423~5.590) and albumin (OR=0.810, 95%CI: 0.662~0.991) were factors affecting sarcopenia among elderly male patients with T2DM (P<0.05). Conclusion Advanced age, body mass index <25.0 kg/m2, low physical activity level, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, T2DM complications, high glycated hemoglobin and low albumin are associated with a higher risk of sarcopenia in elderly male patients with T2DM.

Objective: To analyze the association of participation in non-sports extracurricular tutoring classes with the prevalence of screening myopia, axial length (AL) and axial length to corneal radius ratio (AL/CR) among primary school students, so as to provide evidences for formulating myopia prevention and control policies. Methods: In December 2024, combination of convenience and cluster sampling method was used to select 2 273 students from two primary schools in Hefei City, Anhui Province. Ophthalmic examinations and questionnaire surveys were conducted to obtain information on myopia, AL, AL/CR and participation in various types of extracurricular tutoring. A binary Logistic regression model was used to analyze the association between non-sports tutoring and screening myopia, and multiple linear regression models were used to examine the associations between non-sports tutoring and AL and AL/CR. Results: Among the surveyed students, the participation rate in non-sports extracurricular tutoring classes was 64.9% , and the overall prevalence of screening myopia was 39.1%. The average AL and AL/CR were (23.60± 1.01 ) mm and (3.00±0.12), respectively. Univariate analysis showed that students who attended non-sports, music, or academic tutoring classes for ≥2 h per week had higher risks of screening myopia and greater AL/CR values than non-participants (screening myopia: OR =1.38, 1.82, 1.55; AL/CR: β =0.01, 0.03, 0.03; all P <0.05). After adjusting for sex, grade, and participation in sports tutoring, multivariate analysis indicated that participation in non-sports and musical instrument tutoring classes for ≥2 h per week remained significantly associated with higher risks of screening myopia ( OR =1.26, 1.49, both P <0.05). Multiple linear regression showed that participation in musical instrument tutoring for ≥2 h per week was positively correlated with AL ( β=0.14, P < 0.05). Conclusions Participation in non-sports extracurricular tutoring is common among primary school students. Attending non-sports tutoring classes for ≥2 h per week increases the risk of screening myopia.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.03.002.].

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the changes in blood levels of calcium and bone metabolism biochemical markers in patients with primary osteoporosis receiving treatment with denosumab. METHODS: Seventy-three patients with primary osteoporosis treated in our Department between December, 2021 and December 2023 were enrolled. All the patients were treated with calcium supplements, vitamin D and calcitriol in addition to regular denosumab treatment every 6 months. Blood calcium, parathyroid hormone (PTH), osteocalcin (OC), type I procollagen amino-terminal propeptide (PINP), and type I collagen carboxy-terminal telopeptide β special sequence (β‑CTX) data before and at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months after the first treatment were collected from each patient. RESULTS: Three months after the first denosumab treatment, the bone turnover markers (BTMs) OC, PINP, and β-CTX were significantly decreased compared to their baseline levels by 39.5% (P<0.001), 56.2% (P<0.001), and 81.8% (P<0.001), respectively. At 6, 9, and 12 months of treatment, OC, PINP, and β-CTX remained significantly lower than their baseline levels (P<0.001). Blood calcium level was decreased (P<0.05) and PTH level increased (P<0.05) significantly in these patients at months of denosumab treatment, but their levels were comparable to the baseline levels at 6, 9, and 12 months of the treatment (P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Denosumab can suppress BTMs and has a good therapeutic effect in patients with primary osteoporosis, but reduction of blood calcium and elevation of PTH levels can occur during the first 3 months in spite of calcium supplementation. Blood calcium and PTH levels can recover the baseline levels as the treatment extended, suggesting the importance of monitoring blood calcium and PTH levels during denosumab treatment.
Humans ; Denosumab/therapeutic use* ; Calcium/blood* ; Parathyroid Hormone/blood* ; Biomarkers/blood* ; Osteoporosis/blood* ; Osteocalcin/blood* ; Procollagen/blood* ; Female ; Collagen Type I/blood* ; Peptide Fragments/blood* ; Bone Density Conservation Agents/therapeutic use* ; Bone and Bones/metabolism* ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Vitamin D ; Peptides/blood* ; Aged