Background/Aims: Natural killer (NK) cell function is generally considered dampened in chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection; however, the NK cell pool exhibits phenotypic and functional heterogeneity, and the antibody--mediated effect of NK cells remains less characterized. This study evaluated the dynamic changes in antibody-mediated NK cell responses and the involvement of distinct NK subsets across disease stages and during antiviral treatment. Methods: A T-cell receptor-like antibody specific for the HBV core 18–27 peptide (cTCRL-Ab) was used to determine the antibody-mediated effect of NK cells, and an array of NK cell surface markers were analyzed in cross-sectional and longitudinal cohorts of patients with chronic HBV infection. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was performed to identify the heterogeneity of NK subsets. Results: The cTCRL-Ab enabled the detection of NK cell cytolytic activity and IFNγ production. Notably, cTCRL-Ab-mediated NK cell responses were compromised in chronically HBV-infected patients, particularly in those receiving pegylated interferon-α (Peg-IFNα), which was associated with the downregulation of CD16 expression. Correspondingly, Peg-IFNα inhibited cTCRL-Ab-mediated NK cell function by reducing CD16 expression in vitro. scRNA-seq revealed that CD16 downregulation occurred mainly within a dysfunctional CD16hi NK subset exhibiting exhaustion properties. In contrast, an activated CD16hiNK subpopulation (CX3CR1⁺KLRC2–CD16hi) with high cytotoxicity was enriched in patients who experienced favorable treatment responses. Furthermore, the intrahepatic CX3CR1+KLRC2–CD16hi subset tended to exhibit functional restoration in HBsAg-loss individuals. Conclusions Our data contribute to the understanding of antibody-mediated responses of NK cells in chronic HBV infection, and highlight a previously unappreciated functional CX3CR1+KLRC2–CD16hiNK subset as a potential therapeutic target.

AIM: To investigate factors associated with anterior chamber exudation following phacoemulsification combined with intraocular lens(IOL)implantation.

METHODS: Clinical data from patients with cataract who underwent phacoemulsification combined with IOL implantation at the hospital between June 2021 and June 2025 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into an exudation group and a non-exudation group according to the presence or absence of postoperative anterior chamber exudation. Demographic characteristics, underlying diseases, preoperative examination findings, surgery-related factors, intraoperative complications, and postoperative conditions were collected and compared between the two groups. Factors associated with anterior chamber exudation after phacoemulsification combined with IOL implantation were analyzed.

RESULTS: A total of 840 cataract patients(840 eyes)who underwent phacoemulsification combined with IOL implantation were enrolled. According to the presence or absence of postoperative anterior chamber exudation, 42 patients(42 eyes)were assigned to the exudation group, including 18 men and 24 women, with a mean age of 72.04±7.84 y; the remaining 798 patients(798 eyes)were assigned to the non-exudation group, including 370 men and 428 women, with a mean age of 65.13±9.25 y. Univariate analysis showed significant between-group differences in age, duration of cataract, diabetes mellitus, postoperative elevation of intraocular pressure, duration of corticosteroid eye-drop use, and lens nuclear grade(all P<0.05). Restricted cubic spline analysis demonstrated significant overall associations of age, duration of cataract, and duration of corticosteroid eye-drop use with the risk of postoperative anterior chamber exudation(all P<0.001). No significant non-linear associations were observed(P_{for non-linearity} >0.05), indicating linear relationships. Multivariable Logistic regression analysis showed that age(OR=1.096, 95%CI: 1.053-1.141), duration of cataract(OR=1.074, 95%CI: 1.042-1.107), diabetes mellitus(OR=2.630, 95%CI: 1.269-5.453), postoperative elevation of intraocular pressure(OR=4.311, 95%CI: 1.851-10.041), duration of corticosteroid eye-drop use(OR=2.082, 95%CI: 1.479-2.930), and lens nuclear grade ≥IV(OR=2.635, 95%CI: 1.309-5.304)were risk factors for postoperative anterior chamber exudation(all P<0.05). A nomogram prediction model was developed based on these factors. The calibration curve showed good agreement between the predicted and observed probabilities. ROC curve analysis showed that the AUC of the model for predicting postoperative anterior chamber exudation was 0.858(95%CI: 0.801-0.916), with a sensitivity of 0.810 and a specificity of 0.803.

CONCLUSION: Anterior chamber exudation following phacoemulsification combined with IOL implantation is influenced by multiple factors. Age, duration of cataract, diabetes mellitus, postoperative elevation of intraocular pressure, longer duration of corticosteroid eye-drop use, and greater lens nuclear hardness are risk factors. The nomogram developed using these factors demonstrates good predictive performance for postoperative anterior chamber exudation and may facilitate the early identification of high-risk patients and the development of individualized intervention strategies.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2022.03.002.].

BACKGROUND:The micro/nanostructured gradient biomimetic surface of implant materials can simulate the structure of the extracellular environment in human bone tissue,thereby achieving perfect bone integration function.However,further research is needed on the mechanisms by which the surface microstructure of bone implant materials regulates cell function and promotes osteogenesis. OBJECTIVE:To analyze the effect of titanium sheet microstructure surface on osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts. METHODS:(1)At a constant voltage of 5 V or 20 V,nanotube arrays of different diameters were prepared on the surface of titanium sheets by acid etching and anodic oxidation techniques,and were recorded as group R5 and group R20,respectively.The surface morphology,roughness,and hydrophilicity of pure titanium sheet(without acid etching or anodizing treatment)were measured in group R5 and group R20.(2)MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts of logarithmic growth stage were inoculated on the surface of pure titanium sheets,R5 group and R20 group respectively.After 24 hours of osteogenic induction culture,the expression of mechanical sensitive channel protein 1 was analyzed by RT-PCR and immunofluorescence staining.Osteoblast inducible base with or without the mechanosensitive channel protein 1 activator Yada1 was added,and alkaline phosphatase staining was performed after 7 days of culture.Alizarin red staining was performed after 14 days of culture. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The surface of pure titanium sheets was smooth under scanning electron microscope.Relatively uniform and orderly nanotube arrays with average diameters of about 30 nm and 100 nm were observed on the surface of titanium sheets of groups R5 and R20,respectively.The results of scanning electron microscope were further verified by atomic force microscopy.The surface roughness of titanium sheet of group R5 was higher than that of pure titanium(P<0.05),and the water contact angle was lower than that of pure titanium(P<0.05).The surface roughness of titanium sheet in group R20 was higher than that in group R5(P<0.05),and the water contact angle was lower than that in group R5(P<0.05).(2)RT-PCR and immunofluorescence staining showed that the expression of mechanosensitive channel protein 1 in group R5 was higher than that in pure titanium group(P<0.05),and the expression of mechanosensitive channel protein 1 in group R20 was higher than that in group R5(P<0.05).Under the osteogenic induction,compared with the condition without Yada1,there were no significant changes in the activity of alkaline phosphatase and the deposition of calcified nodules in pure titanium group after Yada1 addition,while the activity of alkaline phosphatase and the deposition of calcified nodules in groups R5 and R20 after Yada1 addition were significantly increased(P<0.05).With or without Yada1,the alkaline phosphatase activity and calcified nodule deposition in group R5 were higher than those in pure titanium group(P<0.05),and the alkaline phosphatase activity and calcified nodule deposition in group R20 were higher than those in group R5(P<0.05).(3)The results show that the surface microstructure of titanium sheet can promote the osteogenic differentiation of osteoblast MC3T3-E1 by activating mechanosensitive channel protein 1.

This article discusses the important role and practical experience of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region as a bridgehead between China and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) in the joint prevention and control of cross-border infectious diseases between China and Vietnam. The cross-border transmission of infectious diseases has been effectively managed in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region through a package of strategies, including government leadership, construction of the joint prevention and control mechanism, establishment of dialogue platforms, collaboration of scientific researches, and personnel exchange and training; however, there are still challenges. Further deepening of collaboration is required to meet future needs for infectious disease prevention and control.

Objective:To investigate the pattern of Mesothelin(MSLN)-specific T-cell(CTLs)immune reconstitution after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.Methods:Two cases of Mesothelin-positive patients with acute myeloid leukemia(AML)were screened,and the number of MSLN-CTLs and its subpopulations,the expression of surface PD-1/CTLA-4/TIM-3 im-mune exhaustion molecules,and the functions of secreted cytokines TNF-α and IFN-γ were monitored by flow cytometry after trans-plantation.They were compared with WT1-CTLs and cytomegalovirus(CMV)CTLs.Meanwhile,the relationship between CTL recon-stitution and Minimal residual disease(MRD)and leukemia recurrence was analyzed.Results:After transplantation,MSLN-CTLs,WT1-CTLs and CMV-CTLs can be detected,and intracellular factors were secreted.The phenotypes of WT1 specific CD8+T cells,MSLN specific CD8+T cells and CMV specific CD8+T cells were mainly TEM subsets and TEMRA subsets,and the TEM subsets of CMV specific CD8+T cells were more obvious.Compared with CMV-CTLs,the proportions of T Naive,TCM and TEMRA subsets were relatively higher in MSLN-specific CD8+T cells and WT1-specific CD8+T cells,and the expression levels of PD-1,CTLA-4 and TIM-3 were higher in MSLN-CTLs and WT1-CTLs.The dynamic changes of MSLN-CTLs and WT1-CTLs after transplantation were related to leukemia load and the chimerism rate of donor and recipient.Conclusion:After allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation,im-mune recovery to MSLN is found,which is different from WT1-CTLs and CMV-CTLs.

Objective:To investigate the pattern of Mesothelin(MSLN)-specific T-cell(CTLs)immune reconstitution after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.Methods:Two cases of Mesothelin-positive patients with acute myeloid leukemia(AML)were screened,and the number of MSLN-CTLs and its subpopulations,the expression of surface PD-1/CTLA-4/TIM-3 im-mune exhaustion molecules,and the functions of secreted cytokines TNF-α and IFN-γ were monitored by flow cytometry after trans-plantation.They were compared with WT1-CTLs and cytomegalovirus(CMV)CTLs.Meanwhile,the relationship between CTL recon-stitution and Minimal residual disease(MRD)and leukemia recurrence was analyzed.Results:After transplantation,MSLN-CTLs,WT1-CTLs and CMV-CTLs can be detected,and intracellular factors were secreted.The phenotypes of WT1 specific CD8+T cells,MSLN specific CD8+T cells and CMV specific CD8+T cells were mainly TEM subsets and TEMRA subsets,and the TEM subsets of CMV specific CD8+T cells were more obvious.Compared with CMV-CTLs,the proportions of T Naive,TCM and TEMRA subsets were relatively higher in MSLN-specific CD8+T cells and WT1-specific CD8+T cells,and the expression levels of PD-1,CTLA-4 and TIM-3 were higher in MSLN-CTLs and WT1-CTLs.The dynamic changes of MSLN-CTLs and WT1-CTLs after transplantation were related to leukemia load and the chimerism rate of donor and recipient.Conclusion:After allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation,im-mune recovery to MSLN is found,which is different from WT1-CTLs and CMV-CTLs.

OBJECTIVE To explore the effect mechanism of Eucommia ulmoides on improving postpartum depression in rats. METHODS Pregnant rats were randomly divided into normal group， postpartum depression group， and low-dose and high-dose groups of E. ulmoides （1.34， 2.68 g/kg， calculated by crude drug）， with 10 rats in each group. Except for the normal group， the rats in other groups suffered from fear stress to induce postpartum depression model during pregnancy； at the same time of modeling， the administration groups were given relevant medicine intragastrically， while the normal group and postpartum depression group were given physiological saline intragastrically for 21 days. Postpartum behaviors of rats during the experiment were assessed using the open field test， Morris water maze test and sucrose preference test. Additionally， the levels of corticosterone （CORT） in serum， corticotropin releasing factor （CRF） and urocortin （UCN） in hypothalamus， and adrenocorticotropic hormone （ACTH） in hypophysis were detected； meanwhile， the protein expressions of CRF receptor 1 （CRFR1）， CRFR2， and voltage-dependent anion channel 1 （VDAC1） in hippocampal tissue were measured； the proportions of apoptotic cells and JC-1 high potential cells in hippocampal tissue were determined， and the morphology of hippocampal tissue was observed. RESULTS Compared with postpartum depression group， the high-dose group of E. ulmoides showed improvements in appetite， mental state， and hair color in rats； their body weight had increased； the scores of vertical movement， horizontal movement and self-sorting significantly increased； from the 2ed to 4th day avoidance latency significantly shortened， and the times of crossing the platform and the time of crossing the platform Δ 基金项目国家自然科学基金青年基金项目（No.82204789） significantly increased/prolonged （P＜0.05）； the ratio of glucose and water consumption significantly increased at 20 days of pregnancy and 30 days postpartum （P＜0.05）； the levels of CRF， UCN， ACTH and CORT， phagocytic rate， protein expressions of CRFR2 and VDAC1， and the proportion of apoptosis cells in hippocampal tissue were decreased significantly （P＜0.05）； the proportion of JC-1 high potential cells significantly increased （P＜0.05）， and the phenomenon of edema around neuronal cells was significantly improved. CONCLUSIONS E. ulmoides can improve postpartum depression by inhibiting excessive activation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis， decreasing the expression of CRFR2， thereby inhibiting the expression of VDAC1， and decreasing the apoptosis of neuronal cells.

OBJECTIVE To explore the effect mechanism of Eucommia ulmoides on improving postpartum depression in rats. METHODS Pregnant rats were randomly divided into normal group， postpartum depression group， and low-dose and high-dose groups of E. ulmoides （1.34， 2.68 g/kg， calculated by crude drug）， with 10 rats in each group. Except for the normal group， the rats in other groups suffered from fear stress to induce postpartum depression model during pregnancy； at the same time of modeling， the administration groups were given relevant medicine intragastrically， while the normal group and postpartum depression group were given physiological saline intragastrically for 21 days. Postpartum behaviors of rats during the experiment were assessed using the open field test， Morris water maze test and sucrose preference test. Additionally， the levels of corticosterone （CORT） in serum， corticotropin releasing factor （CRF） and urocortin （UCN） in hypothalamus， and adrenocorticotropic hormone （ACTH） in hypophysis were detected； meanwhile， the protein expressions of CRF receptor 1 （CRFR1）， CRFR2， and voltage-dependent anion channel 1 （VDAC1） in hippocampal tissue were measured； the proportions of apoptotic cells and JC-1 high potential cells in hippocampal tissue were determined， and the morphology of hippocampal tissue was observed. RESULTS Compared with postpartum depression group， the high-dose group of E. ulmoides showed improvements in appetite， mental state， and hair color in rats； their body weight had increased； the scores of vertical movement， horizontal movement and self-sorting significantly increased； from the 2ed to 4th day avoidance latency significantly shortened， and the times of crossing the platform and the time of crossing the platform Δ 基金项目国家自然科学基金青年基金项目（No.82204789） significantly increased/prolonged （P＜0.05）； the ratio of glucose and water consumption significantly increased at 20 days of pregnancy and 30 days postpartum （P＜0.05）； the levels of CRF， UCN， ACTH and CORT， phagocytic rate， protein expressions of CRFR2 and VDAC1， and the proportion of apoptosis cells in hippocampal tissue were decreased significantly （P＜0.05）； the proportion of JC-1 high potential cells significantly increased （P＜0.05）， and the phenomenon of edema around neuronal cells was significantly improved. CONCLUSIONS E. ulmoides can improve postpartum depression by inhibiting excessive activation of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis， decreasing the expression of CRFR2， thereby inhibiting the expression of VDAC1， and decreasing the apoptosis of neuronal cells.

ObjectiveTo conduct a systematic comparative study on wild and cultivated Codonopsis pilosula（CP） from three aspects， including characters， microscopy， and contents of primary and secondary metabolites. MethodWild and cultivated CP samples were collected， their characters were measured using vernier caliper， tape measure and balance， the paraffin sections were stained with safranin-fixed green dyeing， and their microstructure were observed under the optical microscope. The content of alcohol-soluble extracts in wild and cultivated CP was determined according to the method for determination of extract under CP in the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia， the starch content was determined by anthrone colorimetry， the content of total polysaccharides was determined by kit method， Fiber analyzer was used to determine the content of fiber components， and ultra performance liquid chromatography（UPLC） was used to determine the content of monosaccharides， disaccharides and some secondary metabolites. Multivariate statistical analysis methods such as principal component analysis（PCA） and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis（OPLS-DA） were employed to screen key differential components between wild and cultivated CP on the basis of variable importance in the projection（VIP） value>1 and P<0.05. ResultIn terms of morphological characteristics， the "lion's head-like" shape， longitudinal wrinkles， and circumferential wrinkles below the root cap of wild CP were more pronounced in wild CP compared to the cultivated ones. Regarding transverse sectional features， wild CP had more fissures on the outer side of the cortex and a larger duramen. Under microscopic examination， wild CP had more stone cells， a larger proportion of xylem， and the presence of cork cells arranged in rings in the xylem， while cultivated CP has a larger proportion of phloem， smaller vessel diameters， and a more loosely arranged vascular system. In terms of primary metabolites， the contents of 45% ethanol-soluble extract and total polysaccharides in cultivated CP were significantly higher than those in the wild ones（P<0.05）， the contents of lignin， hemicellulose， cellulose， fructose and glucose in wild CP were significantly higher than those in the cultivated ones（P<0.05）， while sucrose content in the cultivated CP was significantly higher than that in the wild ones（P<0.05）. Concerning secondary metabolites， the contents of tryptophan and tangshenoside Ⅰ in cultivated CP were significantly higher than those in the wild ones（P<0.05）， whereas the contents of lobetyolinin， lobetyol and atractylenolide Ⅲ in wild CP were significantly higher than those in the cultivated ones（P<0.05）. ConclusionThere are significant differences between wild and cultivated CP in terms of morphological characteristics， microscopic features and chemical composition. Glucose， fructose， sucrose， tangshenoside Ⅰ， tryptophan and cellulose components are the key differential components between wild and cultivated CP. Wild CP contains more polyacetylenes and fructose， whereas cultivated CP has higher levels of tangshenoside Ⅰ and sucrose， with noticeably lower cellulose content. These distinctions may be related to their growth conditions， growth years and cultivation techniques. Based on the results of this study， it is recommended to increase polyacetylenes and the content ratio of fructose to sucrose as an indicators to characterize different production methods of CP， in order to guide the high-quality production of CP.