To explore the correlation between MTHFR C677T gene polymorphism and hypertension, hyperhomocysteinemia(Hcy), and hyperlipidemia in the Tibetan population of Tibet.

Objective To compare and analyze the changes in the use of lung cancer therapeutic drugs before and after the national initiation of health insurance negotiations, and to study the impact of a series of policies on the use of lung cancer drugs. Methods Descriptive statistical methods were used analyze the basic situation of lung cancer patients and the changes of corresponding therapeutic drugs in Peking University People's Hospital from 2014 to 2020, as well as to the hospital procurement data of lung cancer therapeutic drugs in the database of the Chinese Medicine Economic Information. Results From 2014 to 2020, the total cost per capita of lung cancer patients showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing, increasing before the national drug negotiation and gradually decreasing after the negotiation. After 2017, the use of small ATC categories such as VEGF/VEGFR inhibitors and EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors increased significantly, along with a rise in the number of monoclonal antibody varieties. The DDDs of osimertinib, anlotinib, alectinib, crizotinib and other drugs in the medical insurance list increased significantly, and the average daily cost decreased significantly. Conclusion The number of hospitalization days for lung cancer patients had continued to shorten in recent years, and the structure of drug use had changed significantly. The adjustment of the medical insurance catalog had led to more innovative lung cancer drugs showing the trend of volume up and price down.

Objective: To develop a convenient, direct, and highly sensitive method for screening trace chemical additives in complex Chinese patent medicines, thereby addressing core technological bottlenecks in pharmaceutical analysis and quality control. Methods: A brush ionization probe device was independently designed and constructed, and an efficient detection method was established through systematic optimization of key parameters. Twenty-three Chinese patent medicine samples, representing 6 dosage forms (capsules, tablets, pills, granules, powders, and liquid preparations), were analyzed using 10 common chemical additives as target analytes. Results: All samples were successfully analyzed without complex pretreatment, and 5 chemical additives were detected in 7 Chinese patent medicines. The brush ionization probe device exhibited cost-effectiveness (~0.2 USD per probe), operational simplicity, rapid analysis (~10s per sample), high efficiency, and minimal reagent consumption (~10 μL per sample). Conclusion: This advancement is expected to provide an innovative scientific tool for improving the generality and convenience of on-site quality control, while promoting technological progress in disciplines such as pharmacology and traditional Chinese medicine.

Objective To investigate the age-dependent modulatory effects of treadmill exercise on spatial learning and memory in mice and to elucidate the potential neurobiological mechanisms underlying these effects.Methods Male C57BL/6J mice at three distinct developmental stages were subjected to a controlled treadmill training protocol for a duration of four weeks.Cognitive performance was assessed in terms of spatial learning and memoryusing a series of behavioral tests.To examine exercise-induced neurogenesis,proliferating adult neural stem cells in the hippocampal region were labeled via intraperitoneal administration of BrdU.Meanwhile,physiological parameters,including body and muscle weight,were monitored throughout the experiment.Results The study revealed significant age-specific effects of treadmill training.In one-month-old mice,exercise intervention markedly enhanced spatial learning and memory,along with increased proliferation of hippocampal neural stem cells,but no significant alterations were observed in body or muscle weight.In six-month-old mice,treadmill training selectively improved spatial memory and led to increased muscle weight.Notably,three-month-old mice exhibited no significant exercise-induced changes in cognitive performance,hippocampal neurogenesis,or muscle weight.Conclusion These findings demonstrate that treadmill exercise exerts significant,age-dependent regulatory effects on spatial learning and memory,with the most pronounced and comprehensive improvements observed in one-month-old mice.The cognitive enhancements may be mediated,at least partially,through exercise-induced promotion of hippocampal neurogenesis.This study provides data for elucidation of the mechanistic basis of exercise-mediated cognitive enhancement and contributes to the potential applications of exercise interventions in cognitive optimization and neuroplasticity across different developmental stages.

Objective To investigate the current status of frailty in lung cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy and analyze its influencing factors.Methods The convenience sampling method was used to select 241 lung cancer patients admitted to the radiation therapy department of a tertiary Grade A tumor specialty hospital in Yunnan Province from January to December 2023.A questionnaire survey was conducted using the General Information Survey Questionnaire,Fried Weakness Scale,Anderson Symptom Assessment Scale(MDASI),Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale(SDS),Nutrition Risk Screening 2002,and Barthel Index Scale.Results The frailty in lung cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy was 55.19%,with a total frailty score of 3.00(1.00,4.00)points.The results of logistic regression analysis showed that age,number of radiotherapy sessions,hemoglobin count,Barthel index,Anderson symptom assessment score,and anxiety score were the influencing factors of frailty in lung cancer patients undergoing radiotherapy(P<0.05).Conclusion The incidence of frailties in patients with lung cancer radiotherapy is high.Age,radiotherapy frequency,hemoglobin count,Barthel index,Anderson symptom rating and anxiety score are the factors affecting frailties in patients with lung cancer radiotherapy.Clinical medical staff should promptly evaluate the frailty of lung cancer radiotherapy patients and identify their risk factors,and actively take intervention measures to prevent or control the occurrence and development of frailty.

Objective:Cognitive interviews were used to explore the target population's understanding and cognition of the Questionnaire about Gynaecological and Pelvic Pain Symptoms (ENDOPAIN-4D) in the Chinese context. The consistency of language expression and concept between the Chinese version ENDOPAIN-4D and the original scale was verified.Methods:Qualitative research methods were employed. Objective sampling method was used to select the patients with endometriosis/adenomyosis in the gynecological ward of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College Hospital from October to December 2023 as the interview subjects. Two rounds of cognitive interviews were conducted, and the interview data were coded and analyzed using the Question Appraisal System. Based on the interview results and the recommendations of the expert group, the scale items were revised to form the Chinese version of ENDOPAIN-4D, and reliability and validity tests were conducted.Results:This study ultimately included 24 patients with endometriosis/adenomyosis, aged 24-47 years. The results of the first round of interviews showed that some interviewees had ambiguous understandings of the 16 items in the questionnaire, most of the item questions were concentrated in the category of "3 clarity, 4 hypotheses", and a small number of questions appeared in the category of "2 guidance, 5 knowledge/memory, 7 options", and were revised. The results of the second round of interviews showed that respondents could correctly understand the scale items. The Cronbach α coefficient of the total scale was 0.874, and the retest reliability was 0.952. The correlation coefficient of the Chinese version of the Global Pain Scale as the reference index of compatibility validity was 0.764 ( P<0.01), and the exploratory factor analysis extracted a total of 4 dimensions, with a cumulative variance contribution rate of 61.169%. The final formal questionnaire included 21 items in 4 dimensions including spontaneous pelvic pain, pain during sexual intercourse, intestinal pain and/or symptoms, and other symptoms. Conclusions:Cognitive interviews were used to identify cognitive biases in the target population during the completion of the scale and to address them appropriately, reducing the differences in the target population's understanding of the ENDOPAIN-4D scale and improving its scientific validity and reliability.

This consensus was developed by the Orthodontic Society of the Chinese Stomatological Association to provide a systematic, scientific, and practical guideline for informed consent in orthodontic care. Orthodontic treatment is typically lengthy, highly individualized, and involves multiple factors such as growth and development, occlusal function, and facial esthetics. Rapid technological advances and diverse risk profiles make the traditional reliance on orthodontist experience or institutional templates insufficient to ensure patients′ full understanding and autonomous decision-making. To address this, the expert panel conducted extensive reviews of domestic and international guidelines, analyzed representative dispute cases, and performed multicenter patient-clinician surveys. Using a multi-round Delphi method, the group established a standardized informed consent framework covering the initial consultation, treatment, and retention phases. The consensus emphasizes that informed consent is not only a fundamental legal and ethical requirement but also a key step in building trust, improving patient compliance, and enhancing treatment satisfaction. Orthodontists should clearly and comprehensively explain treatment plans, potential risks, uncertainties, and associated costs, while respecting the autonomy of patients or guardians, and maintain continuous communication and dynamic evaluation throughout the treatment process. The release of this consensus provides unified and authoritative guidance for clinical orthodontics, helping to standardize informed consent, enhance its transparency, safeguard patient rights, reduce medical risks, and promote high-quality, sustainable development of orthodontic practice.

Objective:To preliminarily explore therapeutic effects and possible molecular mechanisms of sinomenine on atopic dermatitis (AD) -like mouse models.Methods:Thirty female BALB/c mice (6 - 8 weeks old) were randomly divided into 5 groups: blank control group, model group, positive control group, topical sinomenine group, and oral sinomenine group. Except for the blank control group, all groups were subjected to repeated topical stimulation with 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene (DNCB) on the dorsal skin to establish an AD-like mouse model. After modeling, no special treatment was given to the blank control group, the positive control group was topically treated with 100 μg of 0.1% mometasone furoate cream twice daily on the lesions, the topical sinomenine group was topically treated with 100 μl of 10 mg/ml sinomenine solution twice daily on the lesions, and the oral sinomenine group was gavaged with sinomenine solution at a dose of 100 mg·kg -1·d -1 (100 μl per dose, twice daily) . Treatments lasted for 14 days. Twelve hours after the final treatment, the severity of skin lesions in each group was assessed. Blood samples were collected via enucleation, and serum levels of interleukin (IL) -1β, IL-6, and immunoglobulin E (IgE) were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) . Histopathological changes in dorsal skin lesions were observed, and immunohistochemical study was performed to detect the expression levels of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor (NF) -κB p65 in skin tissues, expressed as the percentage of the immunopositive area. One-way analysis of variance was used for multiple group comparisons, while Tukey′s test or the Games-Howell test was applied for post-hoc comparisons between groups. Results:Compared with the blank control group, the model group exhibited epidermal hyperkeratosis with parakeratosis, thickening of the spinous layer, spongiosis, significant inflammatory cell infiltration, and prominent angiogenesis. In contrast, the positive control group, topical sinomenine group, and oral sinomenine group showed reduced spinous layer thicknesses, decreased inflammatory cell infiltration, and less pronounced angiogenesis compared to the model group. In the blank control group, model group, positive control group, topical sinomenine group, and oral sinomenine group, the severity scores of skin lesions were 0, 8.83 ± 0.75, 4.33 ± 1.08, 2.58 ± 0.49, 2.83 ± 0.93 respectively, the serum levels of IL-1β were 52.58 ± 1.72, 168.40 ± 7.23, 57.07 ± 6.39, 85.74 ± 4.15, 100.30 ± 11.55 pg/ml respectively, IL-6 levels were 86.88 ± 4.60, 215.00 ± 5.02, 79.34 ± 4.91, 127.20 ± 1.06, 149.00 ± 6.21 pg/ml respectively, IgE levels were 2 159.00 ± 176.00, 3 493.00 ± 89.61, 2 294.00 ± 158.10, 2 550.00 ± 214.70, 2 814.00 ± 119.70 μg/ml respectively, the expression levels of p38 MAPK in skin tissues were 3.03% ± 3.38%, 12.95% ± 6.89%, 2.14% ± 1.28%, 5.28% ± 3.71%, 3.85% ± 2.26% respectively, and NF-κB p65 expression levels were 0.61% ± 0.49%, 18.92% ± 6.96%, 3.77% ± 1.90%, 5.66% ± 2.28%, 6.25% ± 3.14% respectively; the differences in all the above parameters were statistically significant among groups (all P < 0.05) . Compared with the blank control group, the model group had significantly increased skin lesion severity scores, serum IL-1β, IL-6, and IgE levels, as well as elevated expression of p38 MAPK and NF-κB p65 in skin tissues (all P < 0.01) . Compared with the model group, the positive control group, topical sinomenine group, and oral sinomenine group showed significantly reduced skin lesion severity scores, decreased serum IL-1β, IL-6, and IgE levels, and lower expression of p38 MAPK and NF-κB p65 in skin tissues (all P < 0.05) . Compared with the positive control group, the topical and oral sinomenine groups exhibited further reductions in skin lesion severity scores (both P < 0.05) . Additionally, the topical sinomenine group showed significantly lower serum levels of IL-1β and IL-6 compared with the oral sinomenine group (both P < 0.05) . Conclusion:Sinomenine solution could obviously alleviate the severity of skin lesions in AD-like mouse models, likely by down-regulating the expression of IL-1β, IL-6 and IgE, inhibiting the MAPK/NF-κB signaling pathway, and thus reducing the degree of inflammation.

Objective:To examine the clinical effects of the SCERTS model-based peer-mediated intervention (PMI) on the social skills of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and provide new approaches to the rehabilitation treatment of ASD children.Methods:A randomized controlled study.A total of 120 children with mild-to-moderate ASD diagnosed Xi′an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Encephalopathy between April 2023 and April 2024 were selected.They were assigned to either the experimental or control group using the random number table method, with 60 cases in each group.The experimental group was treated with the SCERTS model-based PMI, whereas the control group underwent conventional rehabilitation training, comprising cognitive, language and behavioural interventions, acupuncture and other techniques.Changes in Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS), Autism Social Skills Scale (ASSS) and Autism Treatment Evaluation Checklist (ATEC) scores were observed in the 2 groups of children before and after treatment.The statistical analyses were performed using a paired-samples t-test for intra-group comparisons and an independent-samples t-test for inter-group comparisons. Results:Following 12 weeks of intervention, the SRS and ATEC scores decreased while the ASSS scores increased after treatment in both groups.The differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05).The SRS [(83.25±14.56) points] and ATEC [(79.41±15.36) points] of the experimental group were lower than those of the control group [SRS(89.80±12.69) points, ATEC(85.95±16.13) points].The ASSS score of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group [(112.77±22.42) points vs.(103.80±24.13) points] ( t=2.627, 2.274, -2.109; all P<0.05). Conclusions:The SCERTS model-based PMI is an efficacious approach for the improvement of social skills in ASD children, and thus merits further investigation and application.

Objective:To analyze the association between remnant cholesterol (RC) and the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in community population in Shanghai.Methods:Using baseline and follow-up data from the Shanghai Suburban Adult Cohort and Biobank, individuals with ASCVD (including coronary heart disease, stroke, myocardial infarction, and peripheral artery disease) at baseline were excluded. A Cox proportional hazards regression model was employed to analyze the relationship between RC and ASCVD risk and the association under different LDL-C levels.Results:A total of 57 281 participants were included, with a median follow-up of 5.61 person-years. During the follow-up, 1 436 ASCVD events (2.51%) were recorded. After adjusting for potential confounders, individuals with moderate ( HR=1.18, 95% CI: 1.03-1.36) or high RC levels ( HR=1.32, 95% CI: 1.15-1.51) had an increased risk of ASCVD. The association was stronger in participants younger than 60 years-old (interaction P=0.048). Participants with RC ≥0.97 mmol/L and LDL-C <3.40 mmol/L demonstrated a 19% ( HR=1.19, 95% CI: 1.06-1.35) increased risk of ASCVD. When RC ≥0.97 mmol/L and LDL-C ≥3.40 mmol/L, ASCVD risk increased by 42% ( HR=1.42, 95% CI: 1.21-1.67). Conclusions:Elevated RC increases ASCVD risk, regardless of LDL-C levels. RC can serve as a valuable predictor and intervention target for ASCVD.