Intracranial artery stenosis is a major pathogenetic factor in ischemic stroke,and early diagnosis and timely intervention are the main means of preventing stroke and its complications.Transcranial color-coded Doppler sonography is an imaging technique widely used in clinical practice for the diagnosis of intracranial artery stenosis,due to its advantages of being noninvasive,reproducible,and readily accessible.This imaging modality allows direct visualization of the degree of vascular stenosis and enables indirect assessment of distal perfusion.This article provides a systematic review of the current status and advances in the use of transcranial color-coded Doppler sonography in the assessment of intracranial arterial stenosis.

Intracranial artery stenosis is a major pathogenetic factor in ischemic stroke,and early diagnosis and timely intervention are the main means of preventing stroke and its complications.Transcranial color-coded Doppler sonography is an imaging technique widely used in clinical practice for the diagnosis of intracranial artery stenosis,due to its advantages of being noninvasive,reproducible,and readily accessible.This imaging modality allows direct visualization of the degree of vascular stenosis and enables indirect assessment of distal perfusion.This article provides a systematic review of the current status and advances in the use of transcranial color-coded Doppler sonography in the assessment of intracranial arterial stenosis.

Objective:To explore the effects of different electrical stimulations on cerebral cortex excitability, upper limb motor function, left-right coordination and counterbalance mechanisms among stroke survivors.Methods:Thirty stroke survivors with hemiplegia were randomly divided into a neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) group and a contralateral control functional electrical stimulation (CCFES) group, each of 15. In addition to conventional rehabilitation treatment, the NMES group was additionally given daily 20-minute NMES to promote elbow extension and wrist extension 5 days a week for 4 weeks, while the CCFES group was given CCFES, instead. Before and after the treatment, the bilateral resting motor thresholds (RMTs), motor evoked potential (MEPs) cortical latency, MEP amplitude and inter-hemisphere asymmetry (IHA) index were measured. The Fugl-Meyer upper extremity assessment (FMA-UE) and the Hong Kong version of the functional test for hemiplegic upper extremities (FTHUE-HK) were employed to evaluate the subjects′ motor functioning. Pearson correlation coefficients relating cortical excitability with upper extremity function were computed.Results:After the treatments, significant improvement was observed in both groups in the latency and amplitude of the RMT and MEP of the affected hemisphere, the IHA value, as well as the FMA-UE and FTHUE-HK scores. The CCFES group then had scores significantly superior to those in the NMES group, on average. The improvements in the FMA-UE and FTHUE-HK scores were significantly positively correlated with the gap in IHA values and the MEP amplitude of the affected hemisphere.Conclusions:Both NMES and CCFES can improve the excitability of the affected motor cortex after a stroke. They help to restore the dynamic balance between the brain hemispheres for better motor functioning of the upper limbs. CCFES has a better therapeutic effect than NMES. The improvement in upper limb motor function is positively correlated with the increase in cortical excitability of the affected hemisphere and the normalization of inter-hemisphere asymmetry.

Enamel demineralization, the formation of white spot lesions, is a common issue in clinical orthodontic treatment. The appearance of white spot lesions not only affects the texture and health of dental hard tissues but also impacts the health and aesthetics of teeth after orthodontic treatment. The prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of white spot lesions that occur throughout the orthodontic treatment process involve multiple dental specialties. This expert consensus will focus on providing guiding opinions on the management and prevention of white spot lesions during orthodontic treatment, advocating for proactive prevention, early detection, timely treatment, scientific follow-up, and multidisciplinary management of white spot lesions throughout the orthodontic process, thereby maintaining the dental health of patients during orthodontic treatment.
Humans ; Consensus ; Dental Caries/etiology* ; Dental Enamel/pathology* ; Tooth Demineralization/etiology* ; Tooth Remineralization

Objective To map the genome-wide distribution profile of histone H3K27me3 modification in diffuse gastric cancer tissues,identify target genes regulated by H3K27me3,and primarily explore the potential mechanism of its modification reprogramming in the occurrence and development of the tumor.Methods Normal gastric mucosal tissues and diffuse gastric cancer tissues were harvested from the patients who underwent examinations or treatments in the departments of gastroenterology and gastrointestinal surgery of our medical center between 2021 and 2023.There were 14 patients in the normal group(6 males and 8 females,average age of 46 years)and 14 patients in the gastric cancer group(8 males and 6 females,average age of 63 years).Cleavage under target and tagmentation(CUT&Tag)technology was employed to capture genomic regions modified by H3K27me3,and analyze the reprogramming characteristics of these modifications.RNA sequencing data,data from high-throughput chromosome conformation capture(Hi-C)technology,and publicly available single-cell data were integrated to investigate the target genes regulated by the reprogramming of H3K27me3 modifications in diffuse gastric cancer cells.Results The quality of the CUT&Tag and RNA sequencing data met the standards required for subsequent analysis.Histone H3K27me3 modifications in normal gastric mucosa and diffuse gastric cancer tissues were primarily distributed in distal intergenic regions and intronic regions.In gastric cancer tissues,compared to normal tissues,there was significant reprogramming of H3K27me3 modifications,characterized by a marked reduction in overall H3K27me3 signal intensity.The loss of 2 912 H3K27me3 signal peaks might lead to the up-regulation of 822 tumor-associated genes.Among them,56 genes displayed the most significant up-regulation(fold change in signal intensity≥2,P<0.05),with notable enrichment in the mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1(mTORC1)signaling pathway.Specifically,the methionine transporter SLC7A5 and the cystine transporter SLC7A11 were found to have the highest expression levels in gastric cancer tissues.Single-cell data revealed that the abnormal overexpression of SLC7A11 in diffuse gastric cancer was primarily observed in tumor epithelial cells.Further validation using public data and immunohistochemical experiments confirmed the elevated expression of SLC7A11 in diffuse gastric cancer,which is associated with poor prognosis in gastric cancer patients.Conclusion The reprogramming of histone H3K27me3 modification is an important epigenetic characteristic in diffuse gastric cancer.Loss of H3K27me3 signal peaks may up-regulate the expression of SLC7A11 in diffuse gastric cancer cells,and thereby promote tumor progression.

Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of endoscopic sign of light blue crest(LBC)capsuling papillary lesion(LCPL)for high-risk intestinal metaplasia(IM).Methods A total of 314 patients(352 biopsy specimens)who underwent endoscopic examination and biopsy in Department of Gastroenterology of Army Medical Center of PLA from January 2021 to June 2023 were recruited,and HE and HID-AB staining(the golden standard of high-risk IM)were apllied to detect the histological types and IM types.The samples were subsequently divided into chronic inflammation group,low-risk IM group,high-risk IM group,well-differentiated intestinal-type gastric cancer group,and poorly-differentiated intestinal-type gastric cancer group.The positive rate of LCPL in each group and its diagnostic efficacy were analyzed based on endoscopic images of the biopsy sites.Logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the relationship between LCPL sign and high-risk IM,as well as the clinical and pathological features associated with LCPL sign.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was plotted to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of LCPL for high-risk IM,using indicators such as sensitivity,specificity,Youden index and area under the curve(AUC).Results The positive rate of the LCPL sign in high-risk IM group was 75.70%,significantly higher than that of the other groups(all P<0.001).Logistic regression analysis showed that LCPL sign was significantly correlated with high-risk IM(OR=30.286,95%CI:13.528～67.804,P<0.001).When the sign was employed in diagnosing high-risk IM,the sensitivity was 69.84%,the specificity was 93.75%,the Youden's index was 0.636,and the AUC value was 0.818(95%CI:0.773～0.857).Besides sensitivity,all above parameters of LCPL sign showed significantly better diagnostic efficacy than those of traditional LBC sign,which is used as a sign for diagnosing IM(P<0.001).Moreover,recognition of LCPL sign was not easily affected by age(OR=1.130,95%CI:0.709～1.800,P=0.607),lesion site(Angular incisure:OR=2.360,95%CI:0.732～7.613,P=0.151;Autrum:OR=2.257,95%CI:0.756～6.744,P=0.145),and presence of peptic ulcers(OR=1.085,95%CI:0.208～5.652,P=0.923).Significantly,94.12%of positive and 66.94%of negative LCPL signs could be rapidly recognized within 3 s(OR=4.536,95%CI:1.372～14.997,P=0.013).Conclusion LCPL sign shows high efficacy and potential clinical application value for high-risk IM in gastric mucosa of endoscopic diagnosis.

Objective:To explore the effects of different electrical stimulations on cerebral cortex excitability, upper limb motor function, left-right coordination and counterbalance mechanisms among stroke survivors.Methods:Thirty stroke survivors with hemiplegia were randomly divided into a neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) group and a contralateral control functional electrical stimulation (CCFES) group, each of 15. In addition to conventional rehabilitation treatment, the NMES group was additionally given daily 20-minute NMES to promote elbow extension and wrist extension 5 days a week for 4 weeks, while the CCFES group was given CCFES, instead. Before and after the treatment, the bilateral resting motor thresholds (RMTs), motor evoked potential (MEPs) cortical latency, MEP amplitude and inter-hemisphere asymmetry (IHA) index were measured. The Fugl-Meyer upper extremity assessment (FMA-UE) and the Hong Kong version of the functional test for hemiplegic upper extremities (FTHUE-HK) were employed to evaluate the subjects′ motor functioning. Pearson correlation coefficients relating cortical excitability with upper extremity function were computed.Results:After the treatments, significant improvement was observed in both groups in the latency and amplitude of the RMT and MEP of the affected hemisphere, the IHA value, as well as the FMA-UE and FTHUE-HK scores. The CCFES group then had scores significantly superior to those in the NMES group, on average. The improvements in the FMA-UE and FTHUE-HK scores were significantly positively correlated with the gap in IHA values and the MEP amplitude of the affected hemisphere.Conclusions:Both NMES and CCFES can improve the excitability of the affected motor cortex after a stroke. They help to restore the dynamic balance between the brain hemispheres for better motor functioning of the upper limbs. CCFES has a better therapeutic effect than NMES. The improvement in upper limb motor function is positively correlated with the increase in cortical excitability of the affected hemisphere and the normalization of inter-hemisphere asymmetry.

Objective To clone and fuse the cDNA of human cytokeratin 9 in prokaryotic expression system,and purify and identify the fusion protein.Methods The cDNA fragment of human cytokeratin 9 was amplified from human keratinocyte (HaCaT) total RNA with specific primers.The PCR products were cloned into vector pET-28a,then the fusion protein of his-CK9 was induced by IPTG.The expressed fusion protein of his-CK9 was purified by nickel ion affinity chromatography and identified by SDS-PAGE and Western blot.Results The sequencing proved that the recombinant vector of the cDNA of CK9 was correct.The fusion protein of his-CK9 was induced to be expressed in E.coli.The fusion protein of his-CK9 was highly purified and his-CK9 showed specific binding to the commercialized antibodies of CK9.Conclusion The recombinant vector of pET-28a-CK9 has been successfully constructed,and the fusion protein of his-CK9 has been successfully expressed and purified.

Objective To investigate the effects of repeated intrathecally kinesin superfamily protein 17 (KIF17) antisense oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) on the expression of mLin10 and NR2B in spinal cord in a mouse model of bone cancer pain.Methods Fifty-six male C3H/HeJ mice,aged 4 ～ 6 weeks,weighting 20 ～ 25 g,were randomly divided into two groups:sham operation group (group S,n=20) and bone cancer pain group (group T,n=36).20μl α-minimal essence medium (α-MEM) which containing 2× 105 NCTC2472 osteosarcoma cells was injected into the intramedullary space of the right femur in group T.In group S,no cancer cell was instead.The number of spontaneous flinches (NSF) and the paw withdrawal mechanical threshold (PWMT) were measured at the day before (base) and the days 4,7,10 and 14 after inoculation.According to the corresponding time points,twenty-four mice were sacrificed for determination the expression of KIF17,mLin10 and NR2B using Western blot.Then,the mice of group T were randomly divided into three groups (n=8,T1,T2,T3,group).In group S and group T1,Saline 5 μl was injected intrathecally.KIF17 sense ODN and antisense ODN,5 μg/5μl were respectively injected in group T2 and T3 for 6 consecutive days.Pain behaviors were assessed at the days 2-6 after the first injection.And determinated the KIF17,mLin10 and NR2B expression,again.Results Compared with group S,the NSF was increased and the PWMT was decreased at the days 7,10 and 14 after inoculation in group T (P＜0.05).Compared with the base ((0.65±0.15),(1.06±0.06),(1.01±0.14)),the expression of KIF17,mLin10 and NR2B (14d:(1.13 ±0.06),(2.17 ± 0.37),(1.85 ± 0.32)) were increased at the days 7,10 and 14 after inoculation in group T(P＜0.05).During the course of the injection,compared with group T1 and T2,the NSF was decreased and the PWMT was increased significantly in the group T3(P＜0.05),the expression of KIF17,mLin10 and NR2B((0.88±0.08),(0.96±0.11),(1.03±0.08)) were reduced in group T3 (P＜0.05).Conclusion Intrathecal KIF 17 antisense ODN in the mice of bone cancer pain improves the pain behaviors,and inhibits the up-regulated of KIF17,mLin10 and NR2B during the course of the injection.

Objective To quantitatively study right ventricular function in the normal second and third trimester fetuses by M-mode tricuspid annular displacement(TAD).Methods TAD was measured using conventional M-mode echocardiography on 161 normal second and third trimester fetuses with gestation age (GA) between 19-38 weeks,meanwhile multiple parameters for evaluating right ventricular function were obtained using pulsed Doppler echocardiography (PW) and myocardial Dopple tissue imaging (DTI).The correlation between TAD and other parameters were analyzed using SPSS 17.0.Results In normal second and third trimester fetuses,the TAD was (9.38 ± 1.71)mm with a range of 5.79-13.90 mm,and was increased with the growth of GA.TAD was correlated with GA,E,A,Em,Am and Sm significantly (r =0.759,0.547,0.320,0.497,0.483 and 0.598 respectively,all P ＜0.001).TAD was not correlated with HR(P ＞0.05).TAD showed differences between the second trimester fetuses and the third trimester fetuses (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions In normal second and third trimester fetuses,the TAD is increased with the growth of GA,and has good correlation with GA,E,A,Em,Am and Sm respectively,and may become a new promising modality to evaluate function of RV simply and accurately.The technique will be propitious to use in hospitals (without DTI) because of simplicity of operator and lower requirement on the technology and equipment precision.