Objective To establish a mouse model of H1N1 influenza wind-heat syndrome by combining climate intervention with influenza virus nasal drops.Methods Seventy-two BALB/c mice were divided randomly into nine groups:a Control group,wind-heat(FR)groups(FR-3Day,FR-5Day),and Model groups(1LD-3Day,2LD-3Day,3LD-3Day,1LD-5Day,2LD-5Day,2LD-5Day,3LD-5Day)(n=8 mice per group).Mice in the Control group were housed in a normal environment,while mice in the FR and Model groups were kept in wind-heat conditions for 7 d.Mice in the Model groups received nasal PR8 influenza virus infection on the 8th day,and mice in the Control and FR heat groups received equal amounts of physiological saline nasal drops.After virus challenge,each group was housed in a normal environment and samples were taken on days 3 and 5.The appearance of the mice was observed and recorded and the lung index,routine blood parameters,lung tissue pathology,serum interleukin(IL)-6 levels,and virus titers were detected in each group based on their behavioral status,stools,and body temperature.Results After 7 d of wind-heat intervention,mice in the FR groups showed no significant abnormalities in terms of appearance,stools,body temperature,routine blood parameters,or lung tissue pathology compared with the Control group.The appearance,lung index,red blood cell count,hemoglobin,hematocrit,pathological result,and body temperature in the Model groups worsened progressively with increasing time and toxin dosage,while the neutrophil percentage,lymphocyte percentage,virus titer,and serum IL-6 levels peaked on day 3 after viral attack,for the same viral dose,and then decreased slightly on day 5.Conclusions PR8 nasal drops and 7 d of wind-heat climate intervention can be used to establish a mouse model of influenza wind-heat syndrome.

Objective To evaluate the effect of relaxation training combined with basic psychological intervention on attention deficit factor score in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.Methods A total of 320 children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder were enrolled in Anhui Children's Hospital affiliated to Anhui Medical University from April 2022 to April 2024.The children were divided into 2 groups by random number table method with 160 cases in each.The control group received basic psychological intervention and the observation group received relaxation training combined with psychological intervention.Attention deficit factor score,hyperac-tivity factor score,oppositional defiant factor score,Weiss Functional Deficit Scale(parent version)score and satis-faction were compared between the two groups.Results The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index(PSQI)score of the observation group was higher(17.35±1.42)than that of the control group(P＜0.05).The scores of Attention Defi-cit Hyperactivity Disorder Rating Scale-Parent Version(SNAP-Ⅳ)in observation group were lower than those in control group(P＜0.05),including attention deficit factor(14.25±1.58),hyperactivity factor(12.01±1.33)and oppositional defiant factor(9.79±1.27).There was no difference in Weiss functional deficit Scale(parent version)between the two groups before intervention,and Weiss functional deficit scale(parent version)score of the obser-vation group was higher than that of the control group after intervention(P＜0.05).The satisfaction of observation group was higher than that of control group(P＜0.05).Conclusions The effect of relaxation training combined with psychological intervention is obvious in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,and the symptoms of attention deficit are significantly improved.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy of donepezil combined with nicergoline in the treatment of vascular dementia (VD).Methods:A total of 108 VD patients admitted to Tianjin Medical University General Hospital between June 2022 and June 2024 were enrolled. Participants were stratified and randomized by computer into an observation group ( n=54) and a control group ( n=54). The control group received standardized VD management plus oral donepezil, while the observation group received additional nicergoline. Both groups underwent 6 months of continuous treatment. Symptom remission time (memory decline, intellectual deterioration, behavioral abnormalities, impaired daily living skills), activity levels[basic activities of daily living (BADL), instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), total activities of daily living (ADL) score, cognitive function[mini-mental state examination (MMSE), vascular dementia assessment scale-cognitive (VDAS-cog)], serum lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) levels, clinical efficacy and adverse reaction rates were compared between groups. Normally distributed continuous data were expressed as xˉ±s, independent t-test was used on intergroup comparison, paired t-test was used on comparison before and after treatment. Non-normally distributed data were expressed as M( Q1,Q3) and compared by Mann-Whitney U test. Categorical data were presented as n(%) and analyzed by χ2 test. Results:After 6 months of treatment, symptom remission time of memory decline, intellectual deterioration, behavioral abnormalities and daily living impairment were significantly shorter in the observation group[(24±4) days vs. (30±4) days, t=7.41, (30±8) days vs. (36±9) days, t=3.73, (17±4) days vs. (24±4) days, t=9.30, (41±14) days vs. (49±16) days, t=2.56, all P<0.05]. BADL, IADL, ADL, and MMSE scores increased in both groups after treatment[observation group: (24.2±5.2) points vs. (17.6±3.5) points, (42.7±2.9) points vs. (29.1±6.6) points, (66.7±4.6) points vs. (46.9±4.1) points, (23.5±1.7) points vs. (16.5±2.2) points, t =11.15, 21.04, 33.45, 26.38, respectively, all P<0.001; control group: (21.3±4.9) points vs. (16.9±3.4) points, (39.7±3.8) points vs. (31.1±6.9) points, (60.8±4.3) points vs. (47.9±5.2) points, (21.1±1.3) points vs. (17.1±2.3) points, t=7.79, 11.81, 19.96, and 16.33, respectively, all P<0.001], with greater improvement in the observation group t=2.98,4.61,6.89,8.24, all P<0.05). VDAS-cog and Lp-PLA2 decreased in both groups compared to before treatment[observation group: (40±4) points vs. (51±7) points, (123±19) μg/L vs. (190±25) μg/L, t=15.25, 22.23, respectively, both P<0.001; control group: (44±4) points vs. (54±7) points, (140±23) μg/L vs. (192±25) μg/L, t=11.99,16.14, respectively, both P<0.001], with greater reduction in the observation group t=4.99, 4.01, both P<0.05).The total effectiveness was higher in observational group compared to control group[94.4% (51/54) vs. 81.9% (44/54), χ2=4.29, P=0.038]. The difference of adverse reactions between groups was not significant( χ2=0.38, P=0.540). Conclusion:Donepezil combined with nicergoline significantly improves clinical outcomes in VD patients, accelerating symptom remission, attenuating vascular inflammation (reduced Lp-PLA2), and enhancing daily living capacity and cognitive function.

Objective To establish a mouse model of H1N1 influenza wind-heat syndrome by combining climate intervention with influenza virus nasal drops.Methods Seventy-two BALB/c mice were divided randomly into nine groups:a Control group,wind-heat(FR)groups(FR-3Day,FR-5Day),and Model groups(1LD-3Day,2LD-3Day,3LD-3Day,1LD-5Day,2LD-5Day,2LD-5Day,3LD-5Day)(n=8 mice per group).Mice in the Control group were housed in a normal environment,while mice in the FR and Model groups were kept in wind-heat conditions for 7 d.Mice in the Model groups received nasal PR8 influenza virus infection on the 8th day,and mice in the Control and FR heat groups received equal amounts of physiological saline nasal drops.After virus challenge,each group was housed in a normal environment and samples were taken on days 3 and 5.The appearance of the mice was observed and recorded and the lung index,routine blood parameters,lung tissue pathology,serum interleukin(IL)-6 levels,and virus titers were detected in each group based on their behavioral status,stools,and body temperature.Results After 7 d of wind-heat intervention,mice in the FR groups showed no significant abnormalities in terms of appearance,stools,body temperature,routine blood parameters,or lung tissue pathology compared with the Control group.The appearance,lung index,red blood cell count,hemoglobin,hematocrit,pathological result,and body temperature in the Model groups worsened progressively with increasing time and toxin dosage,while the neutrophil percentage,lymphocyte percentage,virus titer,and serum IL-6 levels peaked on day 3 after viral attack,for the same viral dose,and then decreased slightly on day 5.Conclusions PR8 nasal drops and 7 d of wind-heat climate intervention can be used to establish a mouse model of influenza wind-heat syndrome.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy of donepezil combined with nicergoline in the treatment of vascular dementia (VD).Methods:A total of 108 VD patients admitted to Tianjin Medical University General Hospital between June 2022 and June 2024 were enrolled. Participants were stratified and randomized by computer into an observation group ( n=54) and a control group ( n=54). The control group received standardized VD management plus oral donepezil, while the observation group received additional nicergoline. Both groups underwent 6 months of continuous treatment. Symptom remission time (memory decline, intellectual deterioration, behavioral abnormalities, impaired daily living skills), activity levels[basic activities of daily living (BADL), instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), total activities of daily living (ADL) score, cognitive function[mini-mental state examination (MMSE), vascular dementia assessment scale-cognitive (VDAS-cog)], serum lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) levels, clinical efficacy and adverse reaction rates were compared between groups. Normally distributed continuous data were expressed as xˉ±s, independent t-test was used on intergroup comparison, paired t-test was used on comparison before and after treatment. Non-normally distributed data were expressed as M( Q1,Q3) and compared by Mann-Whitney U test. Categorical data were presented as n(%) and analyzed by χ2 test. Results:After 6 months of treatment, symptom remission time of memory decline, intellectual deterioration, behavioral abnormalities and daily living impairment were significantly shorter in the observation group[(24±4) days vs. (30±4) days, t=7.41, (30±8) days vs. (36±9) days, t=3.73, (17±4) days vs. (24±4) days, t=9.30, (41±14) days vs. (49±16) days, t=2.56, all P<0.05]. BADL, IADL, ADL, and MMSE scores increased in both groups after treatment[observation group: (24.2±5.2) points vs. (17.6±3.5) points, (42.7±2.9) points vs. (29.1±6.6) points, (66.7±4.6) points vs. (46.9±4.1) points, (23.5±1.7) points vs. (16.5±2.2) points, t =11.15, 21.04, 33.45, 26.38, respectively, all P<0.001; control group: (21.3±4.9) points vs. (16.9±3.4) points, (39.7±3.8) points vs. (31.1±6.9) points, (60.8±4.3) points vs. (47.9±5.2) points, (21.1±1.3) points vs. (17.1±2.3) points, t=7.79, 11.81, 19.96, and 16.33, respectively, all P<0.001], with greater improvement in the observation group t=2.98,4.61,6.89,8.24, all P<0.05). VDAS-cog and Lp-PLA2 decreased in both groups compared to before treatment[observation group: (40±4) points vs. (51±7) points, (123±19) μg/L vs. (190±25) μg/L, t=15.25, 22.23, respectively, both P<0.001; control group: (44±4) points vs. (54±7) points, (140±23) μg/L vs. (192±25) μg/L, t=11.99,16.14, respectively, both P<0.001], with greater reduction in the observation group t=4.99, 4.01, both P<0.05).The total effectiveness was higher in observational group compared to control group[94.4% (51/54) vs. 81.9% (44/54), χ2=4.29, P=0.038]. The difference of adverse reactions between groups was not significant( χ2=0.38, P=0.540). Conclusion:Donepezil combined with nicergoline significantly improves clinical outcomes in VD patients, accelerating symptom remission, attenuating vascular inflammation (reduced Lp-PLA2), and enhancing daily living capacity and cognitive function.

Objective To observe the value of feature pyramid network(FPN)for automatic segmentation and semantic feature classification of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage(sICH)hematoma showed on non-contrast CT.Methods Non-contrast CT images of 408 sICH patients in hospital A(training set)and 103 sICH patients in hospital B(validation set)were retrospectively analyzed.Deep learning(DL)segmentation model was constructed based on FPN to segment the hematoma region,and its efficacy was assessed using intersection over union(IoU),Dice similarity coefficient(DSC)and accuracy.Then DL classification model was established to identify the semantic features of sICH hematoma.Receiver operating characteristic curves were drawn,and the area under the curves(AUC)were calculated to evaluate the efficacy of DL classification model for recognizing semantic features of sICH hematoma.Results The IoU,DSC and accuracy of DL segmentation model for 95％sICH hematoma in training set was 0.84±0.07,0.91±0.04 and(88.78±8.04)％,respectively,which was 0.83±0.07,0.91±0.05 and(88.59±7.76)％in validation set,respectively.The AUC of DL classification model for recognizing irregular shape,uneven density,satellite sign,mixed sign and vortex sign of sICH hematoma were 0.946-0.993 and 0.714-0.833 in training set and validation set,respectively.Conclusions FPN could accurately,effectively and automatically segment hematoma of sICH,hence having high efficacy for identifying semantic features of sICH hematoma.

Objective: To investigate the effects of remifentanil combined with propofol on hemodynamics, inflammatory stress response and immune function in patients with acute abdomen complicated with septic shock. Methods: From June 2017 to August 2018, 112 patients with acute abdomen complicated with septic shock who admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University were enrolled in the study.They were randomly divided into observation group and control group according to the digital table, with 56 cases in each group.The control group was anesthetized with sevoflurane combined with propofol.The observation group was anesthetized with remifentanil combined with propofol.The hemodynamic parameters of the patients entering the operating room(T0₎, 0.5h(T₁), 1h(T₂) and awake(T₃) after anesthesia were recorded.The intraoperative norepinephrine dosage was recorded.The inflammatory response, stress response and immune function indicators at T₀, T₂ and T₃ were recorded. Results: Compared with T₀, T₁ and T₂, the MAP of the two groups was higher at T₃, and the differences were statistically significant(t_{control group}=4.834, 4.484, 5.378, t_{observation group}=6.420, 7.006, 6.152, all P<0.05). Compared with T₀, the HR of the two groups was higher at T₃, and the differences were statistically significant(t_{control group}=5.943, t_{observation group}=7.722, all P<0.05). Compared with T₁ and T₂, CO of the two groups was higher at T₃, and the differences were statistically significant(t_{control group}=4.276, 2.262, t_{observation group}=6.318, 5.132, all P<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in MAP, HR and CO between the two groups at T₀, T₁, T₂ and T₃(all P>0.05). The doses of norepinephrine in the observation group and the control group were (1 587.7±287.5)μg and (1 937.9±397.6)μg, respectively, and the difference was statistically significant(t=5.341, P<0.05). The serum levels of C reactive protein(CRP), tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α) and interleukin 6(IL-6) increased with time in the two groups, and the differences were statistically significant(t_{control group}=17.06, 36.13, 19.07, 3.822, 9.466, 2.874, 14.18, 26.87, 16.21, t_{observation group}=11.72, 20.79, 11.01, 2.810, 6.559, 3.716, 10.52, 24.56, 17.64, all P<0.05). At T₂ and T₃, the serum levels of CRP, TNF-α and IL-6 in the observation group[T₂: CRP (89.63±17.65)mg/L, TNF-α (51.16±10.16)ng/L, IL-6 (34.26±6.25)ng/L, T₃: CRP (136.15±26.25)mg/L, TNF-α (58.64±11.12)ng/L, IL-6 (67.56±12.67)ng/L]were lower than those in the control group[T₂: CRP (112.15±22.34)mg/L, TNF-α (59.56±11.58)ng/L, IL-6 (42.65±8.37)ng/L, T₃: CRP (175.16±34.75)mg/L, TNF-α (65.79±11.35)ng/L, IL-6 (79.02±14.56)ng/L], the differences were statistically significant(t=5.919, 6.703, 4.080, 3.367, 6.010, 4.443, all P<0.05). Compared with T0, serum levels of epinephrine(E), cortisol(Cor) increased in two groups at T₂ and T₃, and the differences were statistically significant(t_{control group}=10.03, 8.096, 8.679, 7.029, t_{observation group}=6.473, 4.728, 6.330, 4.727, all P<0.05). Compared with T₂, serum levels of E and Cor in two groups at T₃ were decreased, and the differences were statistically significant(t_{control group}=2.400, 2.638, t_{observation group}=2.260, 2.162, all P<0.05). At T₂ and T₃, the serum levels of E, Cor in the observation group[T₂: E (286.36±41.02)ng/L, Cor (262.52±29.89)μg/L, T₃: E (270.35±33.59)ng/L, Cor (253.23±30.28)μg/L]were lower than those in the control group[T₂: E (312.56±38.75)ng/L, Cor (287.56±38.76)μg/L, T₃: E (295.79±35.12)ng/L, Cor (270.25±30.15)μg/L], the differences were statistically significant (t=3.457, 3.917, 3.828, 2.981, all P<0.05). At T₀, T₂ and T₃, there were no statistically significant differences in CD₃⁺, CD₄⁺, CD₈⁺ and CD₄⁺/CD₈⁺ between the two groups(all P>0.05). Conclusion Remifentanil combined with propofol anesthesia can make hemodynamics more stable in patients with acute abdomen complicated with septic shock, and can alleviate inflammation and stress response.

Objective To investigate the neuroprotective effect of Benztropine on retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) death and optic nerve injury in rats model of non-arteritis anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (rNAION).Methods A total of 25 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into Benztropine treatment group (n=13)and PBS control group (n=12).The right eye was set as the experimental eye.rNAION model was established by using rose Bengal combined with laser photodynamic method.The rats in the Benztropine treatment group were received intraperitoneal injection with Benztropine 10 mg/kg (0.2 ml) daily for 3 weeks,while the rats in the PBS control group were received intraperitoneal injection with an equal volume of PBS.At 1,3 and 7 days after modeling,the retinal and optic disc conditions of the rats were observed by direct ophthalmoscopy.Retrograde labeling,fluorescence microscopy and transmission electron microscopy were used to observe the survival of RGCs and the damage of the optic nerve myelin and axon at 4 weeks after modeling.The RGCs density and survival rate of the two groups were compared by One-Way Anova.Results At 1 and 3 days after modeling,the optic disc edema was observed in the rats of rNAION model group.At 7 days after modeling,the optic disc edema decreased and the boundary was blurred compared with 3 days after modeling.After 4 weeks,the RGCs density in the PBS group was 308± 194/mm2 and the survival rate was 13.7％.The density of RGCs in the Benztropine group was 1173+868/mm2 and the survival rate was 47.6％.The differences of RGCs density and survival rate were significant between the two groups (F=7.552,8.184;P=0.015,0.012).Myelin disintegration,axon degeneration,onion-like body and gliosis were observed in the optic nerve sections of rNIAON in the PBS group,while the damage ofaxon and myelin structure in the Benztropine group was significantly less than that in the PBS group.Conclusions Benztropine group showed higher RGC survival rate,less damage ofaxon and myelin structure on rNAION model.This study explored the potential neuroprotective effect of Benztropine.

The objective was to investigate the effect of kinsenoside (Kin) treatments on macrophage polarity and evaluate the resulting protection of chondrocytes to attenuate osteoarthritis (OA) progression. RAW264.7 macrophages were polarized to M1/M2 subtypes then administered with different concentrations of Kin. The polarization transitions were evaluated with quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), confocal observation and flow cytometry analysis. The mechanism of Kin repolarizing M1 macrophages was evaluated by Western blot. Further, macrophage conditioned medium (CM) and IL-1 were administered to chondrocytes. Micro-CT scanning and histological observations were conducted on anterior cruciate ligament transection (ACLT) mice with or without Kin treatment. We found that Kin repolarized M1 macrophages to the M2 phenotype. Mechanistically, Kin inhibited the phosphorylation of IB, which further reduced the downstream phosphorylation of P65 in nuclear factor-B (NF-B) signaling. Moreover, Kin inhibited mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) signaling molecules p-JNK, p-ERK and p-P38. Additionally, Kin attenuated macrophage CM and IL-1-induced chondrocyte damage. , Kin reduced the infiltration of M1 macrophages, promoted M2 macrophages in the synovium, inhibited subchondral bone destruction and reduced articular cartilage damage induced by ACLT. All the results indicated that Kin is an effective therapeutic candidate for OA treatment.

Objective To evaluate the sleep structure of rapid eye movement sleep disorder (RBD) patients and its correlations with emotional state,autonomic nerve system function symptoms,and sleep quality.Methods Twenty-two RBD patients examined in our hospital from October 2014 to May 2016 who complained of behavior disorders and conformed diagnosis by video-polysomnography (v-PSG) were chosen as RBD group;23 healthy gender,age and education-level matched subjects confirmed without RBD by v-PSG were selected as control group.Their emotional state,autonomic nerve function and sleep quality were assessed by center for epidemiological survey depression scale (CES-D),apathy evaluation scale (AES),scale for outcomes in PD for autonomic symptoms (SCOPA-AUT),and scale for outcomes in PD for sleep (SCOPA-SLEEP).The differences in sleep structures,periodic leg movement index (PLMI),apnea hypopnea index (AHI) and arousal index between RBD group and control group were compared.The differences of scores of emotional state,autonomic nerve system function symptoms were compared between the two groups.The correlations of sleep structure with emotional state,autonomic nerve system function symptom,and sleep quality in RBD group were analyzed.Results As compared with those of the control group,the proportion of non-rapid eye movement (NREM)-Ⅰ sleep of RBD group was significantly increased,proportions of NREM-Ⅱ sleep and NREM-Ⅲ sleep were statistically reduced,PLMI,CES-D scores,urinary and digestive system questionnaire and overall scores in the RBD group were significantly increased (P＜0.05).In patients from RBD group,CES-D scores were positively correlated with proportion of NREM-I sleep (r=0.520,P=0.000);nighttime sleepiness questionnaire and overall scores were positively correlated with PLMI (r=0.465,P=0.029;r=0.444,P=0.039);daytime sleepiness scores were negatively correlated with proportion of NREM-Ⅲ sleep (r=-0.480,P=0.041);cardiovascular system symptom was correlated with PLMI (r=0.439,P=0.041).Conclusion RBD patients suffer sleep structure disturbance,depression tendency,digestive and urinary system of autonomic nerve symptoms;sleep quality scores and total scores,cardiovascular system symptoms scores are positively correlated with LMI;daytime sleepiness is negatively correlated with reducing phase Ⅲ sleep,CES-D scores are correlated with increasing NREM-I sleep and unbalanced neurotransmitter,especially,5-TH level.