Objective:To explore the effect of family empowerment model on the improvement of swallowing care ability and care preparedness of primary caregivers of first-episode stroke dysphagia patients, further to explore its impact on patients′s wallowing function and life quality.Methods:This study was a randomized controlled study. From January 2021 to December 2022, 80 main caregivers of patients with dysphagia caused by manual stroke admitted to the Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shenzhen Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine were selected as the research objects, and 40 cases in the control group and 40 cases in the observation group were selected by random number table method. The control group were treated with conventional nursing care of first-episode stroke dysphagia patients in the acupuncture and moxibustion Department. On the basis of the conventional care in the control group, the observation group were treated with family empowerment model intervention for 14 days and was followed up for 28 days. Primary caregivers′ swallowing care ability, Caregiver Preparedness Scale (CPS), patients′ swallowing function rate, Swallowing Related Quality of Life (SWALQOL) were used to evaluate the effects before intervention and at the end of intervention.Results:There were 18 males and 19 females primary caregivers in the control group, aged (55.61 ± 7.43) years old. There were 18 males and 21 females primary caregivers in the observation group, aged (58.23 ± 8.22) years old. The swallowing care ability score showed a statistically significant difference between the observation group (143.47 ± 3.96) and the control group (107.74 ± 1.43) ( t=-26.76, P<0.05). After intervention, the caregiver preparedness scale was (26.11 ± 3.81) in the observation group, and (18.35 ± 4.54) in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( t=-4.11, P<0.05).The patients′ swallowing function rate and SWALQOL score were respectively 97.44% (38/39) and (91.41 ± 8.08) points in the observation group, and 72.97% (27/37) and (80.33 ± 4.21) points in the control group, and the difference was both statistically significant ( χ2=10.76, t=-2.54, both P<0.05). Conclusions:The implementation of family empowerment model could enhance the swallowing care ability and care preparedness of primary caregivers of the first-episode stroke dysphagia patients, which could further improve patients′ swallowing function and life quality.

Objective:To study the clinical characteristics and risk factors of nephrocalcinosis in preterm infants.Methods:From March 2021 to August 2021, all preterm infants admitted to NICU of our hospital were retrospectively analyzed. The infants were assigned into nephrocalcinosis group and non-nephrocalcinosis group according to urinary tract ultrasound. Clinical data including gestational age, birth weight(BW), nutritional support strategy and complications were reviewed.Results:A total of 40 preterm infants (<34 weeks) were enrolled. 9 cases were in the nephrocalcinosis group and 31 cases in the non-nephrocalcinosis group. The nephrocalcinosis group had lower BW[(1 167±214) g vs.(1 586±215) g], higher calcium [6.9 (5.1, 8.7) g vs.3.3 (2.1, 6.8) g] and vitamin D intake [3.2(2.5, 4.2)×10 4U vs.1.7(1.1, 3.2)×10 4U] during hospitalization. No significant differences existed between the two groups on the following items:blood calcium and phosphate, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, feeding strategy, time to reach full enteral feeding(TFF), furosemide dosage and respiratory support duration ( P>0.05). In the nephrocalcinosis group, the median age of diagnosing nephrocalcinosis was 40.0(30.0, 52.5)d after birth. 5 cases showed bilateral nephrocalcinosis. 5 cases in the nephrocalcinosis group received renal tubule function examination,4 cases had increased urine β2 microglobulin and 2 cases had increased urine α1 microglobulin. 7 cases had elevated urine calcium in the nephrocalcinosis group. Follow-up showed that nephrocalcinosis disappeared 3-9 months after birth. Conclusions:BW, total calcium and vitamin D intake are risk factors for nephrocalcinosis in preterm infants. Increased urine β2 microglobulin and calcium levels are common co-morbidities in preterm infants with nephrocalcinosis.

Objective:To analyze the differentially expressed genes of human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) subtype A genotype ON1, a predominant genotype in Beijing, after infecting A549 cells using transcriptomic sequencing, and provide potential targets for RSV prevention and treatment.Methods:A local strain (61397-ON1) identified by whole-genome sequencing as ON1 genotype of RSV subtype A was selected to infect A549 cells. Total mRNA was extracted, and the differentially expressed genes in infected and uninfected A549 cells were screened by transcriptomic sequencing. GO analysis and KEGG pathway analysis were performed. Besides, six genes with differential expression ratio greater than two times were randomly selected for qRT-PCR verification.Results:There were 1 632 differentially expressed genes between infected and uninfected A549 cells, of which 807 genes were up-regulated and 825 genes were down-regulated. The differentially expressed genes were mainly involved in immune response-related biological processes such as cytokine response and positive regulation of MAPK cascades, and were enriched in MAPK signaling pathway, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway, p53 signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, IL-17 signaling pathway and NF-κB signaling pathway. The results of qRT-PCR for six differentially expressed genes were consistent with the trend of transcriptome data.Conclusions:The differentially expressed genes of RSV A subtype ON1 genotype after infecting A549 cells are mainly involved in cytokine response and immune-related signaling pathways. This study provides basic data for further study of the molecular mechanism of RSV infection and the development of prevention and treatment strategies.

Objective:To understand the epidemiological characteristics of human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) among acute respiratory infection (ARI) cases in 16 provinces of China from 2009 to 2023.Methods:The data of this study were collected from the ARI surveillance data from 16 provinces in China from 2009 to 2023, with a total of 28 278 ARI cases included in the study. The clinical specimens from ARI cases were screened for HRSV nucleic acid from 2009 to 2023, and differences in virus detection rates among cases of different age groups, regions, and months were analyzed.Results:A total of 28 278 ARI cases were enrolled from January 2009 to September 2023. The age of the cases ranged from<1 month to 112 years, and the age M ( Q1, Q3) was 3 years (1 year, 9 years). Among them, 3 062 cases were positive for HRSV nucleic acid, with a total detection rate of 10.83%. From 2009 to 2019, the detection rate of HRSV was 9.33%, and the virus was mainly prevalent in winter and spring. During the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the detection rate of HRSV fluctuated between 6.32% and 18.67%. There was no traditional winter epidemic peak of HRSV from the end of 2022 to the beginning of 2023, and an anti-seasonal epidemic of HRSV occurred from April to May 2023. About 87.95% (2 693/3 062) of positive cases were children under 5 years old, and the difference in the detection rate of HRSV among different age groups was statistically significant ( P<0.001), showing a decreasing trend of HRSV detection rate with the increase of age ( P<0.001). Among them, the HRSV detection rate (25.69%) was highest in children under 6 months. Compared with 2009-2019, the ranking of HRSV detection rates in different age groups changed from high to low between 2020 and 2023, with the age M (Q1, Q3) of HRSV positive cases increasing from 1 year (6 months, 3 years) to 2 years (11 months, 3 years). Conclusion:Through 15 years of continuous HRSV surveillance analysis, children under 5 years old, especially infants under 6 months old, are the main high-risk population for HRSV infection. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the prevalence and patterns of HRSV in China have changed.

Objective:To understand the epidemiological characteristics of human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) among acute respiratory infection (ARI) cases in 16 provinces of China from 2009 to 2023.Methods:The data of this study were collected from the ARI surveillance data from 16 provinces in China from 2009 to 2023, with a total of 28 278 ARI cases included in the study. The clinical specimens from ARI cases were screened for HRSV nucleic acid from 2009 to 2023, and differences in virus detection rates among cases of different age groups, regions, and months were analyzed.Results:A total of 28 278 ARI cases were enrolled from January 2009 to September 2023. The age of the cases ranged from<1 month to 112 years, and the age M ( Q1, Q3) was 3 years (1 year, 9 years). Among them, 3 062 cases were positive for HRSV nucleic acid, with a total detection rate of 10.83%. From 2009 to 2019, the detection rate of HRSV was 9.33%, and the virus was mainly prevalent in winter and spring. During the Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the detection rate of HRSV fluctuated between 6.32% and 18.67%. There was no traditional winter epidemic peak of HRSV from the end of 2022 to the beginning of 2023, and an anti-seasonal epidemic of HRSV occurred from April to May 2023. About 87.95% (2 693/3 062) of positive cases were children under 5 years old, and the difference in the detection rate of HRSV among different age groups was statistically significant ( P<0.001), showing a decreasing trend of HRSV detection rate with the increase of age ( P<0.001). Among them, the HRSV detection rate (25.69%) was highest in children under 6 months. Compared with 2009-2019, the ranking of HRSV detection rates in different age groups changed from high to low between 2020 and 2023, with the age M (Q1, Q3) of HRSV positive cases increasing from 1 year (6 months, 3 years) to 2 years (11 months, 3 years). Conclusion:Through 15 years of continuous HRSV surveillance analysis, children under 5 years old, especially infants under 6 months old, are the main high-risk population for HRSV infection. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the prevalence and patterns of HRSV in China have changed.

Objective:To summarize the clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) in children.Methods:Clinical characteristics of 4 AFM cases from Department of Neurology, Children′s Hospital Affiliated to Capital Institute of Pediatrics, from September 2018 to November 2022, were analyzed retrospectively.Results:The age of 4 children with AFM was 7 years, 4 years and 3 months, 7 years and 1 month, 6 years and 5 months, respectively. There were 2 boys and 2 girls. Prodromal infection status showed 3 children of respiratory tract infection and 1 child of digestive tract infection. The main manifestation was asymmetrical limb weakness after infection, and the affected limb range was from monoplegia to quadriplegia. Cranial nerve injury was involved in 1 child, no encephalopathy. Magnetic resonance imaging in the spinal cord of all 4 children showed long T1 and T2 signals, mainly involving gray matter. Cerebrospinal fluid cell-protein separation was observed in 2 children. Pathogen detected in 1 child pharyngeal swab was enterovirus D68. Antibody IgM to adenovirus was positive in the blood of 1 child. Antibody IgG against Echo and Coxsackie B virus were positive in the blood of another child. After glucocorticoid, human immunoglobulin or simple symptomatic treatment and at the same time under later rehabilitation training, muscle strength recovered to different degrees, but there were disabilities left in 3 children.Conclusions:AFM should be considered in children with acute and asymmetrical flaccid paralysis accompanied by abnormal magnetic resonance imaging signal in the central region of spinal cord, especially post-infection. The effective treatment is limited and the prognosis is poor.

Cervical cancer is a leading cause of cancer death in women. There are no reliable noninvasive indicators to predict the recurrence, metastasis and prognosis of cervical cancer. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is a kind of DNA fragment released from tumor cells into the blood circulation, which has the advantages of being non-invasive, real-time, and of reflecting the genetic characteristics of tumors. With the improvement of ctDNA detection technology and in-depth research on ctDNA, ctDNA has shown more obvious advantages in early diagnosis, tumor molecular typing, treatment monitoring and recurrence prediction of cervical cancer compared with traditional histological, serological and imaging detection methods. This paper reviews the detection methods of ctDNA and its latest research progress of ctDNA in cervical cancer.

Cerebral circulation time is defined as the difference between the time to peak of the cavernous sinus segment of the internal carotid artery and the Trolard vein, which is easily obtained in digital subtraction angiography and is closely associated with hemodynamics. Cerebral circulation time can be used to evaluate the outcome of acute ischemic stroke, especially in patients receiving endovascular treatment. This article reviews the evaluation methods of cerebral circulation time and its clinical significance in patients with acute ischemic stroke.

Child ; Humans ; Case-Control Studies ; East Asian People ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics* ; Methyltransferases/genetics* ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Wilms Tumor/pathology*

Objective:To explore the feasibility in reconstruction of the muscular power with the superficial part of lateral femoral muscle through anatomical study on the superficial region of lateral femoral muscle.Methods:Studies on 4 sides of lower limbs of 2 cadaver specimen were conducted in the Department of Hand and Foot Microsurgery of Xi'an Fengcheng Hospital. Intraoperative observations and measurements were further carried out on 21 sides of 21 patients. Muscular fascia in superficial region, muscular gross morphology, thickness, length and width of muscles, length of muscle fibres and pinnate angles of muscle surface were observed and measured. Both blood vessels and nerves in the muscle were separated to measured.Results:The superficial region of lateral femoral muscle was in a shape of fusiform and started from the greater trochanter and ended at the patella and rectus femoris, with the fascia at proximal end and the muscle of distal end. The inferior muscle fibres of the fascia were arranged in sequence and ended at the deep fascia from proximal to distal. Mean muscle thickness was measured at 1.96 cm±0.48 cm, and mean pinnate angle was of 18.9°±3.3°. The superficial region was found being distributed by the descending branches of lateral circumflex femoral artery(LCFA) and the second branch of femoral nerve, and they accompanied each other. At 5.0 cm from the point of entry to the muscle, the diameter of the vessels was measured at 2.39 mm±0.52 mm, and the diameter of nerves was at 2.64 mm±0.61 mm. Both of arteries and nerves further branched out anteriorly and posteriorly in 1.0-1.5 cm intervals after having entered the muscle. At 0 - 2.5 cm away from the muscle entry point, a larger branch was often running posteriorly into the muscle, and this branch appears on all 4-sided specimens. While the occurrence rate in the 21 sides of patients observed in operations was of 90.5%, with a transverse diameter at 1.23 mm±0.28 mm.Conclusion:The superficial region of lateral femoral muscle is dominated by independent vessels and nerves and there are many branches from superior vessels and nerves, which form an anatomical basis for one or more muscular flaps.