This study aimed to comprehensively examine the association of gallstones, cholecystectomy, and cancer risk. Multivariable logistic regressions were performed to estimate the observational associations of gallstones and cholecystectomy with cancer risk, using data from a nationwide cohort involving 239 799 participants. General and gender-specific two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was further conducted to assess the causalities of the observed associations. Observationally, a history of gallstones without cholecystectomy was associated with a high risk of stomach cancer (adjusted odds ratio (aOR)=2.54, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.50-4.28), liver and bile duct cancer (aOR=2.46, 95% CI 1.17-5.16), kidney cancer (aOR=2.04, 95% CI 1.05-3.94), and bladder cancer (aOR=2.23, 95% CI 1.01-5.13) in the general population, as well as cervical cancer (aOR=1.69, 95% CI 1.12-2.56) in women. Moreover, cholecystectomy was associated with high odds of stomach cancer (aOR=2.41, 95% CI 1.29-4.49), colorectal cancer (aOR=1.83, 95% CI 1.18-2.85), and cancer of liver and bile duct (aOR=2.58, 95% CI 1.11-6.02). MR analysis only supported the causal effect of gallstones on stomach, liver and bile duct, kidney, and bladder cancer. This study added evidence to the causal effect of gallstones on stomach, liver and bile duct, kidney, and bladder cancer, highlighting the importance of cancer screening in individuals with gallstones.
Humans ; Mendelian Randomization Analysis ; Gallstones/complications* ; Female ; Male ; Cholecystectomy/statistics & numerical data* ; Middle Aged ; Risk Factors ; Aged ; Adult ; Neoplasms/etiology* ; Stomach Neoplasms/epidemiology*

Objective To analyze the characteristics of time in range(TIR)and its relationship with oxidative stress(OS)and insulin resistance status(HOMA-IR)in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)and sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS).Methods According to apnea-hypopnea index(AHI),165 T2DM in patients were divided into simple T2DM group(AHI<5 times/h,n=43),T2DM combine OSAHS mild group(OSAHS-G,5≤AHI<15 times/h,n=51),T2DM combined OSAHS moderate group(OSAHS-M,15≤AHI≤30 times/h,n=40)and T2DM combine OSAHS severe group(OSAHS-S,AHI>30 times/h,n=31).TIR was calculated by dynamic blood glucose monitoring.Superoxide dismutase(SOD),glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)and other indexes were detected and analyzed.Results Compared with simple T2DM group,the levels of HOMA-IR,8-iso-PGF2a and Ox-LDL were higher in T2DM combined OSAHS-G,OSAHS-M or OSAHS-S group,while the levels of TIR,SOD and GSH-Px were lower(P<0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed that TIR was positively correlated with the levels of SOD and GSH-Px(P<0.05 or P<0.01),and negatively correlated with the levels of 8-iso-PGF2a,Ox-LDL,HbA1c,HOMA-IR and the severity of OSAHS(P<0.01).Logistic regression analysis showed that TIR,SOD and GSH-Px were protective factors for severe OSAHS in T2DM patients,while 8-iso-PGE2a and Ox-LDL were the risk factors for severe OSAHS.Conclusions The glucose level fluctuates greatly in patients with T2DM and OSAHS.Insulin resistance and oxidative stress are factors that affect the normalization of TIR.

Objective:To explore the influence of pancreatic stents of different lengths on the incidence of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis (PEP).Methods:Data of 299 patients with biliary tract diseases who received endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and 5 Fr prophylactic pancreatic stents placement at the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University from January 2013 to January 2022 were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were divided into the short-stent group (<5 cm, n=163) and the long-stent group (>5 cm, n=136). Baseline data, intraoperative procedures, and postoperative outcomes were compared between the two groups and propensity score matching (PSM) was used for complementary analysis. The primary endpoint was the incidence of PEP. The risk factors for PEP in patients with prophylactic pancreatic stents placement was explored by logistic regression analysis . Results:The overall PEP incidence was 11.0% (33/299). There was no significant difference in the PEP incidence [11.7% (19/163) VS 10.3% (14/136), χ 2=0.140, P=0.708], moderate-to-severe PEP incidence [1.8% (3/163) VS 2.2% (3/136), χ 2=0.000, P=1.000], or spontaneous stent dislodgement rate within two weeks [81.7% (103/126) VS 78.4% (87/111), χ 2=0.421, P=0.516] between the two groups. After PSM, 123 patients were included in each group, and the overall PEP incidence was 8.9% (22/246). There was no significant difference in PEP incidence [8.9% (11/123) VS 8.9% (11/123), χ 2=0.000, P=1.000], moderate-to-severe PEP incidence [0.8% (1/123) VS 1.6% (2/123), χ 2=0.000, P=1.000], or spontaneous stent dislodgement rate within two weeks [80.6% (75/93) VS 78.6% (77/98), χ 2=0.126, P=0.722] between the two groups. Logistic regression analysis showed that normal liver function ( OR=2.36, 95% CI:1.01-5.51, P=0.046) and failed bile duct cannulation ( OR=7.51, 95% CI:2.18-25.96, P=0.001) were independent risk factors for PEP in patients with biliary tract diseases who received prophylactic pancreatic stents placement. Conclusion:Longer 5 Fr pancreatic stents (>5 cm) do not further reduce the overall risk of PEP or moderate-to-severe PEP compared with 5Fr-5 cm stent. Normal liver function and failure of bile duct intubation were independent risk factors for PEP after prophylactic pancreatic stent placement in patients with biliary diseases.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and safety of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) after pancreaticoduodenectomy and endoscopic selection strategies.Methods:Clinical data of 34 patients treated with ERCP after pancreaticoduodenectomy at the Endoscopic Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University from January 2013 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The success rates of endoscopic insertion, diagnosis, treatment and ERCP, and the incidence of adverse events were analyzed.Results:Fifty ERCP treatments were performed in 34 patients. The success rates of endoscopic insertion, diagnosis, treatment, and ERCP after pancreaticoduodenectomy were 92.0% (46/50), 93.5% (43/46), 88.4% (38/43) and 76.0% (38/50), respectively. The success rates of ERCP assisted with colonoscope and balloon-assisted enterosocpe were 76.0% (19/25) and 75.0% (18/24), respectively. There were 3 adverse events, including 1 case of anastomotic mucosa tear during surgery, 1 case of cardiopulmonary arrest and 1 case of postoperative cholangitis.Conclusion:ERCP is effective and safe after pancreaticoduodenectomy in general. ERCP assisted with colonoscope and balloon-assisted colonoscope shows similar success rate after pancreaticoduodenectomy.

Objective To observe the characteristics of the full-field flash electroretinogram (F-ERG) in rats with oxygen induced retinopathy (OIR).Methods Twenty-four neonatal Sprague Dawley rats were divided into OIR group and control group.In OIR group,12 rats were exposed to (75 ± 2)％ oxygen for 7 days and then to room air for 7 days;in control group,12 rats were raised in room air for 14 days.At postnatal day 21,F-ERG tests were performed to examine the rod response,the maximum mixing reaction and the cone reaction.Results Compared with the control group,the b-wave amplitudes decreased (t=3.650) and the implicit times increased (t=2.410) in rod response in OIR group,the differences were statistically significant (P＜ 0.05);the a-and b-wave amplitudes decreased (t=3.333,2.562) and the implicit times increased (t=2.725,2.482) in the maximum mixing reaction in OIR group,the differences were statistically significant (P＜0.05).There was no difference between OIR and control group on a-and b-wave amplitudes (t=0.650,0.204) and implicit times (t=0.422,0.076) in cone response (P＞0.05).0.001 cd.s/m2 light intensity stimulation on rats F-ERG wave almost no response.0.010 cd.s/m2 light intensity stimulation on rats can be recorded to the rod response waveform,with the increase of light intensity,the amplitude of b-wave increases,the a-wave extraction.Conclusions F-ERG of OIR rat showed that the amplitude and sensitivity of the rod response and maximal rodcone response was decreased.The intensity of light had effect on the OIR rod cells,and the amplitude of b-wave increased with the increase of light intensity,the a-wave extraction.

Aiming to solve the problem of complex structure, low flexibility and practicability for a wearable sensing data glove device of hand function evaluation system, this paper presented a wearable pressure-sensing data glove device based on visual and tactile fusion, which can stimulate the active motor function of patients. Firstly, it introduced the upper limb action research test theory, the basic test flow and the grading rules that used to evaluate the hand function. Secondly, it described the processing flow of visual and tactile information, and the hand function evaluation test method of visual and tactile fusion, which was used to achieve digital score and evaluation of the patient training process. Finally, ten patients with stroke were enrolled into the EGET system for hand function test and evaluation. The results were compared with the doctors'. The maximum relative error is 8%, and the average relative error is 4%, which means that EGET system can achieve the expected goal.

Objective To explore the effects of HBO on hemorheology of the patients with cervical spondylopathy of vertebral artery (CSA).Methods One hundred and seventy-five CSA patients who received medical care in our hospital from May 2011 to Oct 2014 were selected for the study.With the knowledge and consent of the patients and following the signing of the letter of agreement,the patients were randomly divided into 3 groups:the HBO group (n =60),the acupuncture group (n =58) and the massage group (n =57).The 3 groups were all given treatment once a day,with 10 days a treatment course.At day 0,10 days after the start of treatment,and 1 month after completion of treatment (or at day 40),all the patients were evaluated by using the Cervical Vertigo Symptom and Function Assessment Scale (CVSFAS).At the same time,hemorheologic data were detected in all the patients before treatment,at day 5 and day 10 after the start of treatment and 1 month after completion of treatment (or at day 40).Pair T test was performed for intra-group comparison,and variance analysis of vertigo scores at different time points after the start of treatment and comparison of various hemorheologic data were performed by using repeated measurement data.Results Statistical significance could be seen in the vertigo scores before and after treatment,when comparisons were made between the 3 groups (P ＜ 0.05).However,no statistical significance could be noticed in the vertigo scores at different time points after treatment,when comparisons were made between the 3 groups (P ＞ 0.05),indicating that the 3 treatment schemes could all effectively improve the dizziness and headache of the patients and no obvious differences could be noted in the therapeutic.Statistical significance could also be seen in various hemorheologic data at different time points after treatment,as compared with those before treatment (P ＞ 0.05),indicating that the 3 treatment could all affect hemorheology.One month after completion of the treatment,minimal changes could be found in various hemorheologic data in the HBO group.Statistical significance could also be seen in various hemorheologic data at day 10,as compared with those at day 40 (P ＞0.05).Forty days after treatment,no statistical significance could be noted in various hemorheologic data,when comparisons were made between the 3 groups (P ＞ 0.05),indicating that HBO could affect hemorheology for a considerable length of time.Conclusions The application of HBO in the treatment of CSA could improve dizziness and headache,reduce high shear blood viscosity,as well as low shear blood viscosity,decrease such data as RBC hematocrit,plasma viscosity and fibrinogen,consequently decreasing blood viscosity and affecting hemorheology.

Objective To explore the effects of HBO on hemorheology of the patients with cervical spondylopathy of vertebral artery (CSA).Methods One hundred and seventy-five CSA patients who received medical care in our hospital from May 2011 to Oct 2014 were selected for the study.With the knowledge and consent of the patients and following the signing of the letter of agreement,the patients were randomly divided into 3 groups:the HBO group (n =60),the acupuncture group (n =58) and the massage group (n =57).The 3 groups were all given treatment once a day,with 10 days a treatment course.At day 0,10 days after the start of treatment,and 1 month after completion of treatment (or at day 40),all the patients were evaluated by using the Cervical Vertigo Symptom and Function Assessment Scale (CVSFAS).At the same time,hemorheologic data were detected in all the patients before treatment,at day 5 and day 10 after the start of treatment and 1 month after completion of treatment (or at day 40).Pair T test was performed for intra-group comparison,and variance analysis of vertigo scores at different time points after the start of treatment and comparison of various hemorheologic data were performed by using repeated measurement data.Results Statistical significance could be seen in the vertigo scores before and after treatment,when comparisons were made between the 3 groups (P ＜ 0.05).However,no statistical significance could be noticed in the vertigo scores at different time points after treatment,when comparisons were made between the 3 groups (P ＞ 0.05),indicating that the 3 treatment schemes could all effectively improve the dizziness and headache of the patients and no obvious differences could be noted in the therapeutic.Statistical significance could also be seen in various hemorheologic data at different time points after treatment,as compared with those before treatment (P ＞ 0.05),indicating that the 3 treatment could all affect hemorheology.One month after completion of the treatment,minimal changes could be found in various hemorheologic data in the HBO group.Statistical significance could also be seen in various hemorheologic data at day 10,as compared with those at day 40 (P ＞0.05).Forty days after treatment,no statistical significance could be noted in various hemorheologic data,when comparisons were made between the 3 groups (P ＞ 0.05),indicating that HBO could affect hemorheology for a considerable length of time.Conclusions The application of HBO in the treatment of CSA could improve dizziness and headache,reduce high shear blood viscosity,as well as low shear blood viscosity,decrease such data as RBC hematocrit,plasma viscosity and fibrinogen,consequently decreasing blood viscosity and affecting hemorheology.

Motion segment and extraction from continuous signals is the premise of surface electromyography (sEMG) analysis. For the problem that sEMG energy threshold required repeated manual testing to set, this the paper established a this mathematical model of continuous actions based on Gaussian sEMG energy curve, in which the energy threshold was set according to the distribution of Gaussian signal section, and differentiated the action signals from no-action signals combined with energy comparison method. The experiment results showed the method can achieve continuous repetitive action segmentation, and compared with manual segmentation of the same signal, has a higher degree of coincidence.
Algorithms ; Electromyography ; Humans ; Motion ; Pattern Recognition, Automated ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted

Motion segment and extraction from continuous signals is the premise of surface electromyography (sEMG) analysis, For the problem that sEMG energy threshold required repeated manual testing to set, this the paper established a this mathematical model of continuous actions based on Gaussian sEMG energy curve, in which the energy threshold was set according to the distribution of Gaussian signal section, and differentiated the action signals from no-action signals combined with energy comparison method. The experiment results showed the method can achieve continuous repetitive action segmentation, and compared with manual segmentation of the same signal, has a higher degree of coincidence.