OBJECTIVES: The application of photodynamic therapy in solid tumors has attracted increasing attention in recent years, and the efficiency of photosensitizers is a crucial determinant of therapeutic efficacy. This study aims to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of a novel photosensitizer, PEG-MTPABZ-PyC, in photodynamic therapy against gastric cancer cells. METHODS: Gastric cancer MKN45 cells were treated with PEG-MTPABZ-PyC. A high-content live-cell imaging system was used to assess the cellular uptake kinetics and subcellular localization of the photosensitizer. The cytotoxic effects of PEG-MTPABZ-PyC-mediated photodynamic therapy were examined using the cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and flow cytometry, while the intrinsic cytotoxicity of the photosensitizer alone was verified by the CCK-8 assay. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation after photodynamic therapy was detected using 2'-7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA). RESULTS: PEG-MTPABZ-PyC alone exhibited no cytotoxicity toward MKN45 cells, indicating excellent cytocompatibility. The compound efficiently entered cells within 6 hours and localized predominantly in lysosomes. Upon light irradiation, PEG-MTPABZ-PyC-mediated photodynamic therapy induced significant cytotoxicity compared with the control group (P<0.05) and generated abundant intracellular ROS. CONCLUSIONS The novel photosensitizer PEG-MTPABZ-PyC demonstrates potent photodynamic cytotoxicity against gastric cancer cells, showing promising potential for further development in gastric cancer photodynamic therapy.
Humans ; Stomach Neoplasms/drug therapy* ; Photochemotherapy/methods* ; Photosensitizing Agents/pharmacology* ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Polyethylene Glycols/chemistry* ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism* ; Mesoporphyrins/pharmacology*

Intestinal aging is central to systemic aging, characterized by a progressive decline in intestinal structure and function. The core mechanisms involve dysregulation of epithelial cell renewal and gut microbiota dysbiosis. In addition to previous results in model organisms like Drosophila melanogaster, recent studies have shown that in mammalian models, aging causes increased intestinal permeability and intestinal-derived systemic inflammation, thereby affecting longevity. Therefore, anti-intestinal aging can be an important strategy for reducing frailty and promoting longevity. There are three key gaps remaining in the study of intestinal aging: (1) overemphasis on aging-related diseases rather than the primary aging mechanisms; (2) lack of specific drugs or treatments to prevent or treat intestinal aging; (3) limited aging-specific dysbiosis research. In this review, the basic structures and renewal mechanisms of intestinal epithelium, and mechanisms and potential therapies for intestinal aging are discussed to advance understanding of the causes, consequences, and treatments of age-related intestinal dysfunction.

Objective To analyze the influence of different processing methods,including frying,ginger frying,and salt frying,on the volatile components of A.fructus.Methods The volatile components in different processed products of A.fructus were detected and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)based on multivariate statistical analysis.After OPLS-DA analysis,the different components were screened under the conditions of VIP＞1.5 and P＜0.05 and were qualitatively searched using the NIST 11 spectral library.Results A total of 49 different components were identified,with 14 components only changing in the seed mass and 22 components changing in the peel.The content of camphor could be significantly reduced in the seed mass after A.fructus was processed and the content of bornyl acetate significantly increased in the peel of frying A.fructus.Salt frying had a great influence on the alkanes in A.fructus,and ginger processing did not only increase the volatile components in ginger,which reflected the complexity of the processing mechanism.Conclusion At present,the specific processing mechanism is not clear,but the experimental results provide theoretical data for the "detoxification and efficiency enhancement" effect of A.fructus processing,reflecting the scientific nature of the processing,enriching the processing theory of A.fructus,and providing a reference for further in-depth research on the activity of different processed products of A.fructus.

Objective: To explore the relationship between the ratio of dietary vitamin A (VitA) to body weight and hypertension among children, so as to provide a reference for blood pressure control through dietary nutritional interventions and childhood hypertension prevention. Methods: Utilizing the baseline survey and followup sample data from the Healthy Children Cohort established in urban and rural areas of Chongqing from 2014 to 2019, structured quantitative dietary questionnaire and selfdesigned questionnaire were used to investigate the information of dietary intake and socioeconomic characteristics of 15 279 children, as well as blood pressure, height, weight measurement. The ratio of dietary VitA to body weight was divided into four groups based on quartiles [≤P25(Q1), >P25~P50(Q2), >P50~P75(Q3), >P75(Q4)]. Generalized linear regression models and Logistic regression models were used to analyze the correlation between ratio of dietary VitA to body weight with blood pressure levels and prevalence of hypertension. Results: The results of the 2014 baseline survey indicated that, after adjusting for confounding factors such as demographic indicators and nutritional intake, significant differences were observed in systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) among different groups categorized by the ratio of dietary VitA to body weight (F=157.57, 44.71, 95.92, P<0.01). The baseline ratio of dietary VitA to body weight in children exhibited a negative correlation with DBP, SBP and MAP at baseline and in 2019[baseline: β(95%CI)=-0.65(-0.89--0.42), -0.22(-0.42--0.01), -0.36(-0.56--0.16); 2019: β(95%CI)=-0.77(-1.34--0.19), -0.62(-1.21--0.02), -0.77(-1.34--0.19), P＜0.05]. Compared to Q1 group, the risk of hypertension decreased among children in Q4 at baseline and followup in 2019 [OR(95%CI)=0.63(0.49-0.81), 0.18(0.08-0.42), P<0.01]. Conclusions The ratio of dietary VitA to body weight is significantly negatively correlated with blood pressure levels among children, and dietary VitA deficiency is an independent risk factor for hypertension among children. Measures should be taken to actively adjust childrens dietary nutrition and reduce the risk of childhood hypertension.

Objective:To investigate the diagnostic value of nucleic acid matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry（MALDI-TOF MS）in sputum smear-negative patients with nontuberculous Mycobacterial（NTM）pulmonary disease.Methods:Clinical data of 123 patients suspected of NTM pulmonary disease admitted in Public Health Clinical Center Affiliated to Shandong University between July 2022 and November 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid（BALF）specimens were collected for MALDI-TOF MS assay and MGIT 960 culture. The diagnostic efficacy of MALDI-TOF MS for NTM pulmonary disease in patients with negative sputum smears for acid-fast bacilli was evaluated with receiver operating characteristic（ROC）curve. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0 software and MedCalc statistical software.Results:Diagnosis of NTM pulmonary disease was finally confirmed in 66 out of the 123 suspected patients. It took 8 to 24 h for MALDI-TOF MS to identify NTM species and resistance. By MALDI-TOF MS，72 NTM strains were identified，with the Mycobacterium avium complex being the most prevalent（34 strains，47.22%），followed by the Mycobacterium abscessus complex（13 strains，18.06%）；resistance to macrolides was detected in 6 cases，while no resistance to aminoglycosides was found. It took 9 to 45 days for BALF MGIT 960 culture to identify NTM，and took 7 to 15 days for NTM typing and drug sensitivity testing. By BALF MGIT 960 culture，28 NTM strains were identified；and 1 case was found to be resistant to macrolides. Using confirmed diagnosis as the gold standard，MALDI-TOF MS demonstrated higher sensitivity，negative predictive value，and agreement rate compared to MGIT 960 culture（84.85% vs. 42.42%，81.13% vs. 56.32%，80.49% vs. 62.60%， χ2=25.667，8.998，9.664， P<0.05 or <0.01）. The area under ROC curve（AUC）for MALDI-TOF MS was significantly higher than that of MGIT 960 culture（0.801 vs. 0.642， Z=3.300， P=0.001）. Conclusion:Compared to MGIT 960 culture，MALDI-TOF MS exhibits superior diagnostic efficiency in detecting NTM pulmonary disease in patients with acid-fast bacilli smear-negative sputum，with advantage of rapidly identifying NTM species and resistance.

Objective:To analyze the genetic evolution characteristics of hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA) of influenza B virus in Tongling during 2019-2022 surveillance years.Methods:Twenty-two strains of Victoria influenza B virus isolated from our laboratory during 2019-2022 were selected for whole genome sequencing. The sequence comparison and phylogenetic analysis were conducted by using bioinformatic analysis software.Results:During 2019-2022, seasonal influenza in Tongling City was predominantly caused by influenza B Victoria lineage viruses, which fell within the V1A.3 branch. Among these, 14 strains isolated in the 2021-2022 season were further classified into the V1A.3a.2 sub-branch. Compared with vaccine strains, multiple amino acid mutation sites were detected in both HA and NA proteins of the 22 influenza B Victoria lineage viruses. Notably, all four major antigenic sites (120-loop, 150-loop, 160-helix, and 190-helix regions) in the HA protein exhibited variations. Although no mutations were detected at resistance sites on the NA protein, a change occurred in the glycosylation site at position 197 NETQ in the HA protein.Conclusions:The main amino acid sites of the HA protein of the influenza B Victoria lineage viruses in Tongling City from 2019 to 2022 have undergone significant variation, which may lead to antigenic drift. Therefore, it is essential to strengthen the monitoring of influenza virus mutations.

Objective:To explore the status quo and influencing factors of self-management behavior in high-risk stroke patients, so as to provide a basis for improving their self-management behavior.Methods:From March to June 2023, convenience sampling was used to select 395 high-risk stroke patients admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University as the study subject. A survey was conducted on patients using the General Information Questionnaire, Self-management Behavior Scale for High-risk Stroke Patients, and Cerebral Apoplexy Knowledge Questionnaire. Pearson correlation was used to analyze the correlation between self-management behavior and stroke knowledge. A total of 395 questionnaires were distributed, and unqualified questionnaires (such as regular or repetitive responses, conflicting options before and after) were excluded. Finally, 387 valid questionnaires were collected, with an effective response rate of 97.97%.Results:The score of the Self-management Behavior Scale for High-risk Stroke Patients for 387 high-risk stroke patients was (137.60±25.47), with a score indicator of 62.53%, which was at a moderate level. The score of the Cerebral Apoplexy Knowledge Questionnaire was (19.26±10.19), which was at a low level. The random forest algorithm showed that the importance order of influencing factors was stroke knowledge, number of ways to obtain health information, educational level, number of risk factors, frequency of physical examinations, medical insurance, age, work situation, and gender. The Lasso regression indicated that there were four influencing factors corresponding to the minimum error. The top four factors in importance were included in multiple linear regression, and the results showed that educational level, number of risk factors, number of ways to obtain health information, and stroke knowledge were the influencing factors of self-management behavior in high-risk stroke patients ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:The self-management behavior of high-risk stroke patients was at a moderate level. Medical and nursing staff should strengthen stroke knowledge education, provide personalized education for different risk factors, and improve the self-management of the target population to reduce the incidence of stroke.

Objective:To design and develop a WeChat mini-program for risk assessment and health management of people at high-risk of stroke.Methods:Relying on the network platforms and smartphones, a WeChat mini-program based health management network platform was designed and developed based on the analysis of the needs of high-risk stroke populations and medical staff for the management of high-risk stroke populations, with health data collection, stroke risk assessment, health education and knowledge base matching and intervention programs and data privacy and security as the key technologies.Results:The mini-program included three ports, such as the patient end, medical staff end and backend management end. It had the main functions of stroke risk assessment, intelligent promotion of health management follow-up plans, recording of health indicators and medication reminders, interactive consultation, and health knowledge promotion.Conclusions:The development of risk assessment and health management WeChat mini-program for high-risk stroke populations and the use of a simple and effective intelligent assessment to realize rapid classification of stroke risk in population lay a foundation for the WeChat mini-program function module to carry out individualized, accurate and efficient brain-heart health management.

Objective To identify the pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis in bloodstream infec-tions with high confidence based on three deep learning models such as GoogleNet,ResNet101,and Vgg19,compare the performance and classification ability of these models,and explore the feasibility of applying the deep learning models for the rapid identification of pathogenic bacteria in bloodstream infections.Methods The preprocessed Gram-stained bacterial images,including 1 682 images for Staphylococcus aureus and 1 723 for Enterococcus faecalis,and 688 blank control microscopic images were input into three models for training and validation,respectively.Among them,1 344 images for Staphylococcus aureus,1 376 for Enterococcus faecalis,and 544 blank control images were used for training,and the remaining images were used for validation.The model with the best performance was identified according to the classification parameters between the models.Results The ResNet101 model had the lowest cross-en-tropy loss value(0.008 710 3),the largest Epoch value(93),and the highest accuracy rate(99％)for identifying the three types of validation set images.The cross-entropy loss value,Epoch value,and accuracy rate of the GoogleNet model were 0.063 89,86 and 98.6％,respectively,for identifying the three types of validation set images.Those of the Vgg19 model were 0.035 682,86 and 97.7％,respectively.Conclusion The ResNet101 model has the best performance in the classification of three kinds of images.The deep learning model may accurately,reliably and rapidly identify the Gram-stained images of pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis in bloodstream infections.

Objective:Elderly patients with sarcopenia and cognitive impairment are prone to experiencing more severe adverse events.This study aimed to analyze body composition and gait characteristics in this population, as well as to identify sensitive gait indicators of sarcopenia in individuals with cognitive impairment.Methods:A total of 200 elderly individuals from 3 different nursing homes in Suzhou were recruited for this study.The participants' overall cognitive function was assessed using the Beijing version of the Montreal Cognitive Assessment(MoCA-BJ), body composition was evaluated through bioelectrical impedance analysis, and gait was assessed using a wearable gait analysis system.Gait predictors of sarcopenia with cognitive impairment were then identified and used to construct predictive models.Results:The study encompassed 83 participants, divided into three groups: 35 in the control group(cognitively normal, without sarcopenia), 24 in the sarcopenia with mild cognitive impairment(MCI)group, and 24 in the sarcopenia with dementia group.When compared to the control group, individuals in the sarcopenia with MCI group exhibited lower Skeletal Muscle Mass Index[(5.6±0.8)kg/m 2vs.(7.4±0.8)kg/m 2], Total Protein[(6.7±1.1)kg vs.(8.9±1.5)kg], and Arm Muscle Circumference[(21.4±1.7)cm vs.(24.1±2.3)cm](all P<0.05).Similarly, in comparison to the control group, those in the sarcopenia with dementia group displayed a shorter stride length[(0.45±0.17)m vs.(0.65±0.22)m], slower gait speed[(0.38±0.13)m/s vs.(0.55±0.18)m/s], smaller turn velocity[(89.8±23.4)degrees/s vs.(116.8±26.3)degrees/s], and longer turn duration[(3.2±0.5)s vs.(2.8±0.3)s](all P<0.05).Notably, turn duration was identified as having predictive value for sarcopenia with MCI[Area under the curve(AUC)=0.673, sensitivity 70.8%, specificity 68.6%], while a model incorporating age and turn velocity demonstrated strong predictive power for sarcopenia with dementia(AUC=0.87, sensitivity 83.3%, specificity 85.7%). Conclusions:Compared to the control group, the group with both sarcopenia and cognitive impairment exhibited lower levels of muscle strength, nutritional status, and gait performance.This study also introduced the concept that gait indicators associated with turns could be a significant predictor of sarcopenia in individuals with cognitive impairment.Furthermore, the use of wearable devices for gait assessment may offer a novel approach to identifying these at-risk individuals.