ObjectiveTo investigate the independent risk factors for concurrent myocardial injury before intervention in patients with primary hepatic carcinoma （PHC）， to construct and validate a nomogram prediction model for the early identification of such patients， and to provide a basis for early clinical prevention and management. MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 1 822 patients with PHC in two medical institutions from January 2019 to June 2025， among whom the 1 518 patients from The Third People’s Hospital of Kunming were used as the training set to construct the nomogram prediction model， and the 304 patients from The Second People’s Hospital of Baoshan were used as the validation set. According to the result of high-sensitivity cardiac troponin T measurement before intervention， the patients with PHC were divided into myocardial injury group and non-myocardial injury group. The univariate analysis， the LASSO regression analysis， and the multivariate Logistic regression analysis were used to identify the risk factors of concurrent myocardial injury in PHC patients before intervention， and then a nomogram prediction model was constructed based on these findings. The independent data of the 304 patients in the validation set were used for external validation， and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve （AUC）， the Hosmer-Lemeshow test， the calibration curve， decision curve analysis， and clinical impact curve were used to assess model performance. ResultsIn the training set， there were 346 patients in the myocardial injury group and 1 172 patients in the non-myocardial injury group， and the prevalence rate of concurrent myocardial injury was 22.79%. The mean age was 56.44±9.45 years， and the male patients accounted for 81.49%. The patients with drinking， smoking， chronic hepatitis B， chronic hepatitis C， hypertension， diabetes， Child-Pugh class A liver disease， BCLC stage B liver disease， or abnormal electrocardiographic findings accounted for 49.34%， 57.44%， 61.73%， 32.48%， 22.66%， 17.19%， 50.53%， 33.86%， and 62.12%， respectively. The univariate analysis， the LASSO regression analysis， and the multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age （odds ratio ［OR］=1.051， 95% confidence interval ［CI］： 1.036 — 1.067， P<0.001）， history of diabetes （OR=1.862， 95%CI： 1.346 — 2.574， P<0.001）， electrocardiographic findings （OR=1.446， 95%CI： 1.077 — 1.940， P=0.014）， hemoglobin （HGB） （OR=0.993， 95%CI： 0.988 — 0.998， P=0.003）， albumin （Alb） （OR=0.951， 95%CI： 0.930 — 0.972， P<0.001）， and creatinine （Cr） （OR=1.021， 95%CI： 1.016 — 1.026， P<0.001） were independent influencing factors for myocardial injury in PHC patients. A regression equation was established as Logit（Y）=-3.406+0.050×age+0.621×history of diabetes+0.369×electrocardiogram－0.007×HGB－0.051×Alb+0.021×Cr， and a nomogram prediction model was constructed based on these factors. The Bootstrap internal validation of the model yielded an AUC of 0.743 （95%CI： 0.707 — 0.778）， and the model had an AUC of 0.766 （95%CI： 0.738 — 0.794） in the training set and 0.730 （95%CI： 0.688 — 0.793） in the validation set. The Hosmer-Lemeshow goodness-of-fit test yielded a P value of 0.716 for the training set and 0.408 for the validation set， suggesting that the model had a good degree of fitting. Calibration curves， decision curve analysis， and clinical impact curves in both the training set and the validation set showed that the model had a good clinical application value. ConclusionAge， history of diabetes， electrocardiographic findings， HGB， Alb， and Cr are independent influencing factors for myocardial injury in patients with PHC， and the nomogram prediction model constructed based on these factors has good discriminatory ability， accuracy， and clinical practicability.

Objective:To analyze the clinicopathological characterization of primary esophageal benign tumor (EBT). Methods:A total of 1,058 EBTs were enrolled from 500,000 cases in an esophageal and cardiac tumor biological sample and clinical information data-base of Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research (1973-2015) in the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University. SPSS 21.0 software was applied for data analysis. Results:In this database, 1,058 cases with primary EBTs among the 249,246 esopha-geal tumor patients with detailed clinical and pathological information were identified with an incidence of 0.42%(1,058/249,246). A total of 544 patients were male with an average age of 50±11 years old, whereas 514 patients were female, with an average age of 52± 11 years old. Among the 10 types of EBTs, leiomyoma was the most common type (84.50%, 894/1,058), followed by papilloma (6.90%, 73/1058). Adenoma (0.38%, 4/1,058) was the rarest type. Leiomyoma, gastrointestinal stromal tumor, and neurofibroma mainly oc-curred in male patients. By contrast, lipoma, granulosa cell tumor, schwannoma, and hemangioma mainly occurred in female patients.All five cases of hamartoma occurred only in female patients. Given the incidence of≥50%as the common standard, the common EBT in sequence in young male patients was leiomyoma and gastrointestinal stromal tumor, whereas that in young female patients was granulosa cell tumor and lipoma. The common EBT in sequence in older male patients was papilloma, gastrointestinal stromal tumor, and leiomyoma, whereas that in older female patients was schwannoma, papilloma, leiomyoma, gastrointestinal stromal tumor, and hamartoma. Additionally, lipoma, hemangioma, neurofibroma, and adenoma in male patients and neurofibroma in female patients oc-curred in older patients. The different ages of patients with EBTs (P=0.034) and leiomyoma (P=0.004) had a statistical significance. In these EBTs, leiomyoma, papilloma, gastrointestinal stromal tumor, and schwannoma mainly occurred in the middle esophagus, where-as lipoma mainly occurred in the lower esophagus. The major treatment for EBT in the present study was surgery (57.54%, 492/855), which was followed by endoscopic resection (38.01%, 325/855) and others (4.45%, 38/855). Conclusion:The incidence of EBT is low, with a couple of different histological types. Gender, age, and predilection sites are different depending on the histological types of EBTs. Surgery and endoscopic resection are the major treatment methods.

Objective:To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics, treatments, and survival of patients with esophageal adeno-squamous carcinoma (EASC). Methods:A total of 494 patients with EASC were selected from the clinical information databases of 500, 000 cases with esophageal and gastric cardiac carcinomas in the Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Research. Among the 494 EASC cases, 361 were males with an average age of 61.47 ± 8.32 years, and 133 were females with an average age of 65.56 ± 8.06 years. SPSS 21.0 software was applied to determine the statistical differences among the different groups. A life-table method was also used to calculate the five-year survival rate. A linear regression model was used to analyze the correlation of changes at different peri-ods. Results:The incidence of EASC in our database was 0.196%(494/251707). EASC occurred predominantly in male patients (male:female=2.71:1.00). The peak age was within 60-69 years in both males and females (39.6%vs. 40.6%). Notably, the incidence of male patients showed a downward trend (R2=0.063), whereas that of female patients showed an upward trend (R2=0.004). The prevalence of EASC was obviously higher in low-incidence areas for esophageal cancer than in high-incidence areas (53.1%vs. 46.9%, P<0.001). Ac-cording to the TNM staging criteria for esophageal cancer, phases II and III patients comprised the majority of cases, which accounted for 40.8%(173/424). The positive lymph node metastasis rate was 47.0%(206/438), and the number of positive lymph node metasta-ses ranged within 1-2 (48.5%, 100/206). In addition, preoperative biopsy was performed in 467 cases, and more than half of the pa-tients (53.96%, 252/467) were diagnosed before the operation. Surgical resection was the predominant treatment method for EASC (88.8%, 419/472). Only 1.9%patients (9/472) underwent radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The five-year survival rate of male patients who were neither smoking nor drinking of alcohol was higher than that of male smokers (26.5%vs. 12.1%). In patients with stagesⅠ,Ⅱ, andⅢ+Ⅳcarcinomas with surgery as lone treatment, the three-year survival rates were 64.7%, 50.9%, and 48.5%, respectively. Correspondingly, these rates were 51.7%, 47.8%, and 33.1%after adjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Conclusion:EASC is a rare type of esophageal malignant tumor. The preoperative biopsy pathological diagnosis has high misdiagnosis rate. Smoking and drinking of alcohol can influence the prognosis of patients. In EASC patients, lymph node metastasis easily occurs, and a simple surgery is bet-ter than other cancer treatments.