ObjectiveTo observe the activation patterns and functional connectivity in the prefrontal cortex of patients with post-stroke anxiety (PSA) using functional near-infrared spectroscopy, in order to explore the underlying neural mechanism. MethodsFrom December, 2024 to September, 2025, 120 stroke patients were selected in Changzhou De'an Hospital. They were divided into PSA group (n = 60) and non-PSA group (n = 60) according to the score of Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA). All patients wore an 18-channel fNIRS acquisition cap for detection. The differences in resting-state functional connectivity between the frontopolar cortex (FPC) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) were examined in both groups, as well as task-related activation in these brain regions. ResultsResting-state functional connectivity analysis revealed no statistically significant difference in network connectivity between two groups in the FPC and DLPFC regions (|t| < 1.301, P > 0.05). Task-related activation results revealed significantly reduced activation in the contralateral FPC of PSA group compared to the non-PSA group (Z = -2.063, P < 0.05). Activation levels in this region showed a negative correlation with the scores of HAMA (ρ = -0.201, P = 0.028). ConclusionActivation decreased in the contralateral frontal pole during the task state for patients with PSA, and the activation levels negatively correlates with anxiety severities.

ObjectiveTo observe the activation patterns and functional connectivity in the prefrontal cortex of patients with post-stroke anxiety (PSA) using functional near-infrared spectroscopy, in order to explore the underlying neural mechanism. MethodsFrom December, 2024 to September, 2025, 120 stroke patients were selected in Changzhou De'an Hospital. They were divided into PSA group (n = 60) and non-PSA group (n = 60) according to the score of Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA). All patients wore an 18-channel fNIRS acquisition cap for detection. The differences in resting-state functional connectivity between the frontopolar cortex (FPC) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) were examined in both groups, as well as task-related activation in these brain regions. ResultsResting-state functional connectivity analysis revealed no statistically significant difference in network connectivity between two groups in the FPC and DLPFC regions (|t| < 1.301, P > 0.05). Task-related activation results revealed significantly reduced activation in the contralateral FPC of PSA group compared to the non-PSA group (Z = -2.063, P < 0.05). Activation levels in this region showed a negative correlation with the scores of HAMA (ρ = -0.201, P = 0.028). ConclusionActivation decreased in the contralateral frontal pole during the task state for patients with PSA, and the activation levels negatively correlates with anxiety severities.

ObjectiveTo observe the activation patterns and functional connectivity in the prefrontal cortex of patients with post-stroke anxiety (PSA) using functional near-infrared spectroscopy, in order to explore the underlying neural mechanism. MethodsFrom December, 2024 to September, 2025, 120 stroke patients were selected in Changzhou De'an Hospital. They were divided into PSA group (n = 60) and non-PSA group (n = 60) according to the score of Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA). All patients wore an 18-channel fNIRS acquisition cap for detection. The differences in resting-state functional connectivity between the frontopolar cortex (FPC) and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) were examined in both groups, as well as task-related activation in these brain regions. ResultsResting-state functional connectivity analysis revealed no statistically significant difference in network connectivity between two groups in the FPC and DLPFC regions (|t| < 1.301, P > 0.05). Task-related activation results revealed significantly reduced activation in the contralateral FPC of PSA group compared to the non-PSA group (Z = -2.063, P < 0.05). Activation levels in this region showed a negative correlation with the scores of HAMA (ρ = -0.201, P = 0.028). ConclusionActivation decreased in the contralateral frontal pole during the task state for patients with PSA, and the activation levels negatively correlates with anxiety severities.

A quantitative method for the analysis of the multi-component contents in Marsdenia tenacissimae was established, and the quality differences were evaluated by principal component analysis (PCA), orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), factor analysis (FA) and weighted technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) method. The contents of chlorogenic acid, cryptochlorogenic acid, sinapic acid, tenacigenoside A, tenacissoside G, tenacissoside I, tenacissoside H, drevogenin A, betulinic acid and lupeol were determined by HPLC wavelength switching method. At the same time, the contents of alcohol-soluble extract and total ash were detected. PCA, OPLS-DA and FA methods were used to identify the origin of M. tenacissimae from different producing areas. According to the OPLS-DA model, the index weight was determined to construct the weighted TOPSIS evaluation model. The qualities of M. tenacissimae from different producing areas were analyzed by model scoring results. The contents of 12 indexes in 18 batches of M. tenacissimae varied to different degrees, and the repeatability and accuracy of the test method were satisfactory. PCA analysis divided 18 batches of M. tenacissimae into three categories. OPLS-DA identified five main potential quality markers, including tenacissoside A, tenacissoside I, lupeol, tenacissoside H and chlorogenic acid. The evaluation results of FA and weighted TOPSIS method were consistent, which showed that the quality of M. tenacissimae from Yunnan and Guizhou was better. The established multi-component quantitative analysis method is accurate and reliable, the chemometrics model has strong predictive ability, and the evaluation results of FA and weighted TOPSIS method are scientific and objective. The combination of the four methods can clearly determine the qualities of M. tenacissimae from different producing areas.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) represent a distinct group of RNA molecules produced through back-splicing of precursor mRNAs. Their covalently closed structure, which lacks both a 5′ cap and a poly(A) tail, renders them highly resistant to exonucleolytic degradation and contributes to their remarkable intracellular stability. Although circRNAs were historically viewed as noncoding transcripts, accumulating evidence indicates that certain circRNAs can undergo translation under appropriate molecular contexts. Two major modes of noncanonical translation have been described so far: initiation mediated by internal ribosome entry sites (IRESs) and translation triggered by N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification. Recent studies have revealed that, beyond their canonical classification as non-coding RNAs, circRNAs can give rise to functional peptides through cap-independent translational mechanisms. Accumulating evidence indicates that circRNA-encoded peptides participate in key biological processes during tumor initiation and progression by modulating tumor-associated signaling pathways and protein-protein interaction networks. Functionally, these peptides may promote tumor cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition, while others exert tumor-suppressive effects by inhibiting oncogenic signaling pathways or interfering with critical protein interactions. Their dual and context-dependent functions highlight the complexity of circRNA-mediated regulation and suggest that these translation products participate in multiple layers of tumor initiation and progression. In this review, we synthesize current knowledge regarding the molecular mechanisms that enable circRNAs to be translated, with particular attention to IRES-driven initiation, m6A-dependent regulation, ribosome accessibility, and the structural determinants required for translation competence. We further summarize well-characterized circRNA-encoded peptides and discuss how they influence tumor-associated signaling networks. In addition, we examine the potential translational applications of these peptides, including their value as diagnostic indicators, prognostic markers, or therapeutic entry points. Their inherent sequence stability, relative expression specificity, and detectability in clinical specimens make circRNA-derived peptides promising candidates for future biomarker and therapeutic development. Overall, circRNA translation research is reshaping our understanding of RNA function and offers new perspectives for studying tumor biology. We propose that expanding investigations into circRNA-encoded peptides will not only improve the mechanistic resolution of cancer research but may also pave the way for innovative strategies in precision oncology, including RNA-based therapeutics and peptide-targeting interventions.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) represent a distinct group of RNA molecules produced through back-splicing of precursor mRNAs. Their covalently closed structure, which lacks both a 5′ cap and a poly(A) tail, renders them highly resistant to exonucleolytic degradation and contributes to their remarkable intracellular stability. Although circRNAs were historically viewed as noncoding transcripts, accumulating evidence indicates that certain circRNAs can undergo translation under appropriate molecular contexts. Two major modes of noncanonical translation have been described so far: initiation mediated by internal ribosome entry sites (IRESs) and translation triggered by N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification. Recent studies have revealed that, beyond their canonical classification as non-coding RNAs, circRNAs can give rise to functional peptides through cap-independent translational mechanisms. Accumulating evidence indicates that circRNA-encoded peptides participate in key biological processes during tumor initiation and progression by modulating tumor-associated signaling pathways and protein-protein interaction networks. Functionally, these peptides may promote tumor cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition, while others exert tumor-suppressive effects by inhibiting oncogenic signaling pathways or interfering with critical protein interactions. Their dual and context-dependent functions highlight the complexity of circRNA-mediated regulation and suggest that these translation products participate in multiple layers of tumor initiation and progression. In this review, we synthesize current knowledge regarding the molecular mechanisms that enable circRNAs to be translated, with particular attention to IRES-driven initiation, m6A-dependent regulation, ribosome accessibility, and the structural determinants required for translation competence. We further summarize well-characterized circRNA-encoded peptides and discuss how they influence tumor-associated signaling networks. In addition, we examine the potential translational applications of these peptides, including their value as diagnostic indicators, prognostic markers, or therapeutic entry points. Their inherent sequence stability, relative expression specificity, and detectability in clinical specimens make circRNA-derived peptides promising candidates for future biomarker and therapeutic development. Overall, circRNA translation research is reshaping our understanding of RNA function and offers new perspectives for studying tumor biology. We propose that expanding investigations into circRNA-encoded peptides will not only improve the mechanistic resolution of cancer research but may also pave the way for innovative strategies in precision oncology, including RNA-based therapeutics and peptide-targeting interventions.

In this paper， by referring to ancient and modern literature， the textual research of Inulae Flos has been conducted to clarify the name， origin， production area， quality evaluation， harvesting， processing and others， so as to provide reference and basis for the development and utilization of famous classical formulas containing this herb. After textual research， it could be verified that the medicinal use of Inulae Flos was first recorded in Shennong Bencaojing of the Han dynasty. In successive dynasties， Xuanfuhua has been taken as the official name， and it also has other alternative names such as Jinfeicao， Daogeng and Jinqianhua. The period before the Song and Yuan dynasties， the main origin of Inulae Flos was the Asteraceae plant Inula japonica， and from the Ming and Qing dynasties to the present， I. japonica and I. britannica are the primary source. In addition to the dominant basal species， there are also regional species such as I. linariifolia， I. helianthus-aquatili， and I. hupehensis. The earliest recorded production areas in ancient times were Henan， Hubei and other places， and the literature records that it has been distributed throughout the country since modern times. The medicinal part is its flower， the harvesting and processing method recorded in the past dynasties is mainly harvested in the fifth and ninth lunar months， and dried in the sun， and the modern harvesting is mostly harvested in summer and autumn when the flowers bloom， in order to remove impurities， dry in the shade or dry in the sun. In addition， the roots， whole herbs and aerial parts are used as medicinal materials. In ancient times， there were no records about the quality of Inulae Flos， and in modern times， it is generally believed that the quality of complete flower structure， small receptacles， large blooms， yellow petals， long filaments， many fluffs， no fragments， and no branches is better. Ancient processing methods primarily involved cleaning， steaming， and sun-drying， supplemented by techniques such as boiling， roasting， burning， simmering， stir-frying， and honey-processing. Modern processing focuses mainly on cleaning the stems and leaves before use. Regarding the medicinal properties， ancient texts describe it as salty and sweet in taste， slightly warm in nature， and mildly toxic. Modern studies characterize it as bitter， pungent， and salty in taste， with a slightly warm nature. Its therapeutic effects remain consistent across eras， including descending Qi， resolving phlegm， promoting diuresis， and stopping vomiting. Based on the research results， it is recommended that when developing famous classical formulas containing Inulae Flos， either I. japonica or I. britannica should be used as the medicinal source. Processing methods should follow formula requirements， where no processing instructions are specified， the raw products may be used after cleaning.

In this paper， by referring to ancient and modern literature， the textual research of Inulae Flos has been conducted to clarify the name， origin， production area， quality evaluation， harvesting， processing and others， so as to provide reference and basis for the development and utilization of famous classical formulas containing this herb. After textual research， it could be verified that the medicinal use of Inulae Flos was first recorded in Shennong Bencaojing of the Han dynasty. In successive dynasties， Xuanfuhua has been taken as the official name， and it also has other alternative names such as Jinfeicao， Daogeng and Jinqianhua. The period before the Song and Yuan dynasties， the main origin of Inulae Flos was the Asteraceae plant Inula japonica， and from the Ming and Qing dynasties to the present， I. japonica and I. britannica are the primary source. In addition to the dominant basal species， there are also regional species such as I. linariifolia， I. helianthus-aquatili， and I. hupehensis. The earliest recorded production areas in ancient times were Henan， Hubei and other places， and the literature records that it has been distributed throughout the country since modern times. The medicinal part is its flower， the harvesting and processing method recorded in the past dynasties is mainly harvested in the fifth and ninth lunar months， and dried in the sun， and the modern harvesting is mostly harvested in summer and autumn when the flowers bloom， in order to remove impurities， dry in the shade or dry in the sun. In addition， the roots， whole herbs and aerial parts are used as medicinal materials. In ancient times， there were no records about the quality of Inulae Flos， and in modern times， it is generally believed that the quality of complete flower structure， small receptacles， large blooms， yellow petals， long filaments， many fluffs， no fragments， and no branches is better. Ancient processing methods primarily involved cleaning， steaming， and sun-drying， supplemented by techniques such as boiling， roasting， burning， simmering， stir-frying， and honey-processing. Modern processing focuses mainly on cleaning the stems and leaves before use. Regarding the medicinal properties， ancient texts describe it as salty and sweet in taste， slightly warm in nature， and mildly toxic. Modern studies characterize it as bitter， pungent， and salty in taste， with a slightly warm nature. Its therapeutic effects remain consistent across eras， including descending Qi， resolving phlegm， promoting diuresis， and stopping vomiting. Based on the research results， it is recommended that when developing famous classical formulas containing Inulae Flos， either I. japonica or I. britannica should be used as the medicinal source. Processing methods should follow formula requirements， where no processing instructions are specified， the raw products may be used after cleaning.

Objective To summarize and analyze the efficacy and influencing factors of second allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) for acute leukemia relapsing after the first allo-HSCT. Methods Clinical data of 17 patients with acute leukemia who underwent second allo-HSCT at Peking University First Hospital from January 2005 to December 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. Results Among the 17 patients, 7 achieved long-term disease-free survival after second transplantation. The median progression-free survival after successful second transplantation was 7 months (range 8 days to 69 months). The relapse fatality was 24%, and the transplant-related fatality was 35%. Conclusions Second transplantation is an effective treatment for relapsed and refractory acute leukemia, but the relapse fatality and transplant-related fatality remain high. Patient age, time of relapse after the first transplantation and disease status before second transplantation are all factors that affect the efficacy of second transplantation. Younger age, late relapse and complete remission of disease before second transplantation are all beneficial for long-term disease-free survival after second transplantation.

The prescription of Qidong Yixin oral liquid is derived from the experience of national medical master Ren Jixue in treating viral myocarditis （VMC）. It has the functions of tonifying Qi， nourishing the heart，calming the mind， and relieving palpitations. It is used to treat VMC and angina pectoris of coronary heart disease caused by deficiency of both Qi and Yin. However，the understanding of its efficacy evidence， advantageous aspects， dosage and administration， and medication safety remains insufficient in clinical practice. Therefore，the development of the Expert Consensus on the Clinical Application of Qidong Yixin Oral Liquid （hereinafter referred to as consensus） was initiated. Consensus strictly followed the process and methods of the expert consensus on the clinical application of Chinese patent medicines of the China Association of Chinese Medicine，successively completing multiple tasks such as the consensus project initiation，determination of clinical problems，evidence search and evaluation，formation of recommendation opinions and consensus suggestions，solicitation of opinions，peer review， submission for review and release， and so on. Consensus formed a total of 10 recommendation opinions and 12 consensus suggestions，clarifying the clinical positioning，efficacy advantages，syndrome differentiation，dosage and administration，combination therapy，timing of medication，adverse reactions，contraindications， and precautions of Qidong Yixin oral liquid，indicating that it has good clinical advantages and safety in the treatment of VMC and angina pectoris of coronary heart disease，providing norms and references for physicians to safely and rationally apply Qidong Yixin oral liquid. Consensus was reviewed and approved for release by the Standardization Office of the China Association of Chinese Medicine on December 23， 2024. Standard number：GSCACM-376-2024.