Obesity is a multi-factorial disease involving genetics, individual behavior, socio-economic status, and environmental factors, and has become a global public health issue. The food environment, as an external factor amenable to direct intervention, affects the development of obesity by shaping individual food acquisition and consumption behaviors. The food environment refers to the physical and social environment where food is accessible, and can be assessed from dimensions such as availability, accessibility, and affordability through geographic information system spatial analysis, field surveys, commercial databases, and questionnaires. Studies indicate that the food environment can influence obesity through the spatial shaping effects of dietary structure and sociobehavioral pathways. A healthy food environment is negatively correlated with the risk of obesity, whereas an unhealthy food environment is positively correlated with the risk of obesity. This paper reviews studies related to the correlation between the food environment and obesity, covering the prevalence of obesity, the definition and assessment methods of the food environment, and the mechanisms by which the food environment affects obesity. It summarizes food environment intervention strategies centered on urban planning, policies and regulations, and community education to provide a reference for obesity prevention and control.

Introduction: Large, rapidly enlarging adrenal masses typically mandate surgical intervention given the high probability of adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC). However, benign processes can mimic these aggressive growth kinetics, creating a diagnostic challenge for clinicians. Case: A 74-year-old male with hypertension, atrial fibrillation on rivaroxaban, and prostate cancer was referred for evaluation of a right adrenal incidentaloma detected on computed tomography imaging performed for prostate cancer staging. The well-defined mass measured 8.9 × 7.8 × 7.5 cm (AP × W × CC) with areas of calcification. Mean attenuation was +40 Hounsfield Unit, with no significant washout. Biochemical evaluation confirmed a non-functioning lesion (24-hour urine metanephrines 756 mcg/24 hours [N 246–753 mcg/24 hours]; serum cortisol 62 nmol/L post overnight dexamethasone suppression test). The patient was otherwise asymptomatic and declined surgical intervention. Repeat imaging 4 months later demonstrated interval enlargement of the mass to 9.8 × 8.8 × 10.7 cm. Due to this rapid growth, which was highly concerning for ACC, the patient underwent laparoscopic right adrenalectomy. Histopathological examination unexpectedly revealed an adrenal hematoma without evidence of an underlying tumor or malignancy. This case illustrates the difficulty in differentiating aggressive cortical tumors from atypical hemorrhagic events. Larger series on adrenal hemorrhage reported trauma and procedural complications as the leading causes, with a median size of 3–4 cm. Idiopathic large adrenal hematomas presenting as rapidly expanding “pseudotumors” are exceptionally rare, with fewer than 20 cases reported in which surgical resection was performed due to high preoperative suspicion of malignancy. Additionally, adrenal hemorrhage attributed to anticoagulant therapy often occurs bilaterally. Unilateral lesion, especially when large, can pose a diagnostic challenge as highlighted in this case. Conclusion In patients on anticoagulation, rapid interval growth of an adrenal mass does not always equate to malignancy. Recognizing this mimicry in the era of widespread Direct Oral Anticoagulant use is essential for refining treatment decision regarding surgical intervention, as most cases exhibited a self-limiting process with spontaneous resolution.

Objective To investigate the value of the combined detection of neutrophil CD64(nCD64),C-reactive protein(CRP)and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)in the diagnosis of refractory Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia(RMPP)in children.Methods A total of 147 children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection were enrolled and divided into the RMPP group(n=70)and the general Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia group(GMPP,n=77)based on disease severity and treatment response.The age,gender,white blood cell count(WBC)within 24 hours of admission,serum procalcitonin(PCT),C-reactive protein(CRP)and lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)levels were collected in the study participants.The expression level of nCD64 in peripheral blood was measured using flow cytometry.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the independent risk factors associated with RMPP in children.Additionally,a receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was constructed to assess the diagnostic performance of the combined detection of nCD64,CRP and LDH for RMPP in children.Results The RMPP group had a longer hospital stay than the GMPP group(P＜0.05).Levels of nCD64,CRP and LDH were significantly higher in the RMPP group compared to those of the GMPP group(P＜0.05),and there were no significant differences in WBC and PCT levels between the two groups.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that elevated nCD64,CRP and LDH were risk factors for RMPP in children(P＜0.05).ROC curve analysis revealed that the areas under the curve(AUC)for nCD64,CRP and LDH in diagnosing RMPP were 0.817,0.863 and 0.805,respectively.The combined detection of three indicators for AUC was 0.948.Conclusion The levels of nCD64,CRP and LDH in blood of children with RMPP are higher than those of children with GMPP.The combined detection of the three indicators has a high diagnostic value for RMPP in children with Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia.

Objective:The predictive value of oxidized low density lipoprotein(ox-LDL)and electrocardiogram(ECG)ischaemia grade for major adverse cardiovascular events(MACE)in patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI)after percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)was assessed by a retrospective cohort study de-sign.Methods:A total of 336 STEMI patients admitted to Cangzhou People's Hospital between October 2019 and May 2022 were selected,and the medical record information was obtained through the hospital medical record sys-tem,and all patients received PCI and physician-recommended basic treatment.With occurrence of MACE with in 12-month follow-up as the evaluation index,they were divided into MACE group(n=65)and no MACE group(n=271).Multifactorial Logistic regression model was used to study the influencing factors of MACE after PCI in STEMI patients,and Spearman test for association of ox-LDL level,ECG ischaemia grade with MACE after PCI.ROC curve was used to evaluate the predictive efficacy of ox-LDL,ECG ischaemia grade and their combination for MACE after PCI.Results:The overall MACE incidence was 19.35％.Compared with patients in no MACE group,those in MACE group had significant higher ox-LDL level[46.34(29.46,66.29)U/L vs.33.00(23.02,50.03)U/L]and proportion of ECG grade Ⅲ ischaemia(64.62％vs.42.80％)(P＜0.01 all).Multifactorial Logistic re-gression analysis showed that ox-LDL(OR=1.022,95％CI 1.011～1.033,P=0.001)and ECG grade Ⅲ ischae-mia(OR=1.878,95％CI 1.007～3.504,P=0.048)were the independent risk factors of post-PCI MACE in STEMI patients.Spearman test showed that ox-LDL and ECG grade Ⅲ ischaemia were positively correlated with post-PCI MACE(r=0.209,0.173,P＜0.001 all).ROC curve analysis showed that the AUCs of ox-LDL,ECG grade Ⅲ ischaemia and their combination in predicting post-PCI MACE were respectively 0.653(95％CI 0.599～0.704),0.609(95％CI 0.555～0.662)and 0.758(95％CI 0.709～0.803),in which the predictive value of the combination of the two was significantly higher than any single detection(Z=2.030,3.097,P=0.042,0.002).Conclusion:ox-LDL combined with ECG ischaemia grading has a high predictive value for the occurrence of MACE with in 12 months after PCI in STEMI patients.

OBJECTIVE: To reveal the effects and potential mechanisms by which synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A) influences the distribution of amyloid precursor protein (APP) in the trans-Golgi network (TGN), endolysosomal system, and cell membranes and to reveal the effects of SV2A on APP amyloid degradation. METHODS: Colocalization analysis of APP with specific tagged proteins in the TGN, ensolysosomal system, and cell membrane was performed to explore the effects of SV2A on the intracellular transport of APP. APP, β-site amyloid precursor protein cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) expressions, and APP cleavage products levels were investigated to observe the effects of SV2A on APP amyloidogenic processing. RESULTS: APP localization was reduced in the TGN, early endosomes, late endosomes, and lysosomes, whereas it was increased in the recycling endosomes and cell membrane of SV2A-overexpressed neurons. Moreover, Arl5b (ADP-ribosylation factor 5b), a protein responsible for transporting APP from the TGN to early endosomes, was upregulated by SV2A. SV2A overexpression also decreased APP transport from the cell membrane to early endosomes by downregulating APP endocytosis. In addition, products of APP amyloid degradation, including sAPPβ, Aβ _1-42, and Aβ _1-40, were decreased in SV2A-overexpressed cells. CONCLUSION These results demonstrated that SV2A promotes APP transport from the TGN to early endosomes by upregulating Arl5b and promoting APP transport from early endosomes to recycling endosomes-cell membrane pathway, which slows APP amyloid degradation.
Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor/genetics* ; Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics* ; Animals ; Protein Transport ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics* ; Humans ; Mice ; Endosomes/metabolism* ; trans-Golgi Network/metabolism*

With the rapid development of generative artificial intelligence(GAI)technologies,their widespread application in academic research and writing is continuously expanding the boundaries of sci-entific inquiry.However,this trend has also raised a series of ethical and regulatory challenges,inclu-ding issues related to authorship,content authenticity,citation accuracy,and accountability.In light of the growing involvement of AI in generating academic content,establishing an open,controllable,and trustworthy ethical governance framework has become a key task for safeguarding research integrity and maintaining trust within the academic community.This expert consensus outlines ethical requirements across key stages of AI-assisted academic writing-including topic selection,data management,citation practices,and authorship attribution.It aims to clarify the boundaries and ethical obligations surrounding AI use in academic writing,ensuring that technological tools enhance efficiency without compromising in-tegrity.The goal is to provide guidance and institutional support for building a responsible and sustainable research ecosystem.

RNA-binding protein human antigen R(HuR)is a protein product of the embryonic lethal abnormal vision gene(ELAVL).It is widely expressed in human cells and primarily regulates mRNA stability through post-transcriptional mecha-nisms,particularly by binding to AU-enriched elements(AR-Es).Recent studies have indicated that HuR interacts with non-coding RNAs to participate in the regulation of gene expression,including long non-coding RNAs,circular RNAs,microRNAs,and vault RNAs.The interactions between HuR and these ncR-NAs play a crucial role in the occurrence and development of va-rious diseases,including tumors.Since there are already reviews summarizing the research on tumors,this review mainly focuses on summarizing the role of HuR-ncRNA interactions in diseases other than tumors.

Construct Validity and Reliability of the Malay Version of Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale (RSES) among youth in Southern Malaysia: A Confirmatory Factor Analysis IntroductionThe Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) is widely used to measure self-esteem among adults and youth. This study aims to determine the construct validity and reliability of the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale Malay version (RSES-M) among Malaysian youth using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA).MethodologyWe administered the Malay-language RSES to 378 Form Four students in the Kota Tinggi District, selected through multistage sampling. The construct validity of RSES-M was assessed using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), while internal consistency was measured using Cronbach alpha. AMOS version 26 and SPSS version 20 were used for statistical analysis. We compared three measurement models of the RSES-M for the best relative fit: one uni-dimensional model and two different two-domain models (with different items assigned to each domain for each model).ResultsThe findings indicate that the best model for the RSES-M was a two-domain model, with domain one representing positive self-esteem and domain two representing negative self-esteem. The item “I wish I could respect myself more” demonstrated a strong fit within the CFA model when included under the positive domain of self-esteem (Model 3) compared to negative domain ((Model 2) (Chi-Square/degree of freedom (df) = 3.341, goodness of fit (GFI) = 0.967, Comparative Fit Index (CFI) = 0.905, Incremental Fit Index (IFI) = 0.906, and the Root Mean Squared Error of Approximation (RMSEA) = 0.079 and substantial reliability (Cronbach's alpha for domain one = 0.765, and domain two = 0.648). This finding diverges from the original RSES developed by Morris Rosenberg in 1965, which conceptualised the RSES as a unidimensional construct, and other studies that categorised the item "I wish I could respect myself more" under the negative self-esteem domain.

Objective:This study aimed to analyze the genetic subtypes and drug resistance transmission characteristics of HIV-1 among the preoperative population in Ningxia from 2018 to 2023, to provide a scientific basis for the prevention and control of the AIDS epidemic.Methods:Plasma samples and demographic information of HIV/AIDS patients receiving antiviral treatment in Ningxia from 2018 to 2023 were collected. Blood samples with a viral loads >200 copies/ml from preoperative testing were amplified, sequenced, and subjected to genotypic resistance testing to analyze their genetic subtypes and drug resistance characteristics. The TN93 model in MEGA11 software was used to calculate the genetic distance between each pair of all sequences, and a molecular transmission network was constructed in Cytoscape 3.10.0 with 1.9% as the genetic threshold.Results:Among 101 preoperative HIV/AIDS patients, CRF07_BC and CRF01_AE were the predominant subtypes. The majority were male (85.15%, 86/101), aged 41-60 years (45.54%, 46/101), residing in Yinchuan city (61.39%, 62/101), and infected via heterosexual transmission (71.29%, 72/101), with most cases being late-detected. Of 39 drug-resistant sequences, resistance to non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs) alone (18.81%, 19/101) and dual resistance to nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)-NNRTIs (13.86%, 14/101) were most common. Among 44 sequences forming 13 transmission clusters, nine clusters harbored drug-resistant mutations. Four subtypes entered the molecular network, primarily involving heterosexual transmission, individuals with junior high school education or below, and men aged≥50 years.Conclusions:From 2018 to 2023, the preoperative HIV/AIDS patients had diversified genetic subtypes, with higher rates of overall drug resistance and late detection, stronger drug resistance and higher mortality rate. Strengthening molecular epidemiological research and developing targeted screening strategies are critical to improve early detection and reduce transmission risks.

Objective:To analyze the epidemic characteristics of human brucellosis in Tangshan City, Hebei Province from 2016 to 2024, and to establish a prediction model for forecasting incidence of human brucellosis in Tangshan City from 2025 to 2028, so that to provide evidence for prevention and control strategies.Methods:The incidence data of human brucellosis in Tangshan City from 2016 to 2024 were collected. Brucella strains isolated from blood cultures of patients with acute brucellosis were identified.The onset time and demographic distributions of brucellosis were analyzed using descriptive epidemiological methods. Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Python software was used to establish a seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average model (SARIMA model) and predict the incidence of brucellosis in Tangshan City from 2025 to 2028. Results:From 2016 to 2024, a total of 2 446 cases of human brucellosis in Tangshan City were reported, with the highest incidence in 2016 (378 cases) and the lowest in 2022 (277 cases).Seasonal variation was observed, with 54.87%(1 342/2 446) occurring in spring and summer (March to July). The incidence rate of male was 5.28/100 000, which was significantly higher than that of female (1.94/100 000) ( χ2=554.96, P<0.001). The cases spanned all age groups, with the highest incidence among those aged 50 to 59 (30.25%(740/2 446)). Farmers engaged in cattle/sheep breeding accounting for 85.73% (2 097/2 446) of cases. A total of 236 blood samples were collected from patients with acute brucellosis, and 12 Brucella strains were isolated and identified as sheep type Ⅲ Brucella. The optimal model constructed was SARIMA (1, 0, 0) (1, 0, 1) 12, which was used to predict the incidence of human brucellosis in Tangshan City from 2025 to 2028. The results showed that the overall incidence was relatively stable, retaining the characteristic single annual peak. Conclusions:Human brucellosis in Tangshan City peaks in spring/summer and predominantly affects cattle/sheep farmers. The SARIMA (1, 0, 0) (1, 0, 1) 12 model effectively fits the epidemiological data of human brucellosis in Tangshan City well and enables reliable future trend predictions, supporting scientific and effective prevention and control work.