AIM:To investigate the effect and mechanism of panax notoginseng saponins(PNS)inhibiting the proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells(PASMCs)in rats under the ef-fect of monocrotaline(MCT).METHODS:PASMCs cultured in vitro were randomly divided into the normal control(Control)group,the monocrotaline(MCT)group,the panax notoginseng saponins(PNS)group,the knockdown(M+Si ADAM10)group,the knockdown postconditioning(M+P+Si ADAM10)group,the overexpression(M+OE AD-AM10)group,and the overexpression postcondi-tioning(M+P+OE ADAM10)group.After the model was constructed,the cell viability of each group was measured using the CCK-8 assay,along with Western blot utilized to detect the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA),disinteg-rin metalloproteinase 10(ADAM10),and notch ho-mology protein-3(Notch3)at the cellular neurogen-ic locus,respectively.RESULTS:Under the effect of MCT,the viability of PASMCs was significantly en-hanced(P<0.05 or P<0.01);0-400 mg/L PNS was not toxic to the viability of normal cells,and 100 mg/L PNS could significantly inhibit the MCT-in-duced viability(P<0.01).After the knockdown of ADAM10,the viability of PASMCs significantly de-clined(P<0.01),and the expression of PCNA protein was significantly decreased(P<0.05),evidently in the M+P+Si ADAM10 group.Meanwhile,the ex-pression of ADAM10 and Notch3 protein was signif-icantly decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01),evidently in the M+P+Si ADAM10 group.After overexpression of ADAM10,the viability of PASMCs was significant-ly enhanced(P<0.01),the expression of PCNA pro-tein was significantly increased(P<0.01),the PCNA value was slightly higher(P>0.05),and the expres-sion of ADAM10 and Notch3 protein was signifi-cantly elevated(P<0.05)in the M+P+OE ADAM10 group.Additionally,PASMCs overexpressing AD-AM10 with concomitant PNS exhibited a significant decrease in the expression of PCNA protein com-pared with PASMCs knocking down ADAM10(P<0.01),and the expression of ADAM10 and Notch3 protein declined to varying degrees(P>0.05).CON-CLUSION:Panax notoginseng saponins can mitigate MCT-induced PASMCs proliferation in rats by inhib-iting the ADAM10/Notch3 signaling pathway.

AIM:To investigate the effect of dyes,Remazol BrOrange yellow(RBY)and erythrosine(ERY),on the outcomes of immunoblotting analysis when used for staining the concentrate gel in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacryl-amide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE).METHODS:Polyacrylamide gels were divided into five groups:the control group(prepared according to the conventional kit protocol),the RBY-stained group with a final concentration of 0.08 g/L,the RBY-stained group with a final concentration of 0.16 g/L,the ERY-stained group with a final concentration of 0.08 g/L,and the ERY-stained group with a final concentration of 0.8 g/L.Gels were prepared and subjected to electro-phoresis,followed by coomassie brilliant blue staining to visualize protein bands.Subsequently,proteins were transferred to PVDF membranes,which were then blocked,incubated with primary and secondary antibodies,washed,and finally ex-posed for imaging to observe the target protein vinculin bands.RESULTS:Compared with the unstained concentrate gel,the loading wells of the RBY or ERY pre-stained concentrate gel were more clearly visible.Analysis of the gels stained with coomassie brilliant blue after electrophoresis and marker visualization showed no significant different in protein elec-trophoretic mobility between prestained and unstained gels.Comparative analysis of the immunoblotting also indicated that the detection of protein samples transferred to PVDF membranes was unaffected.CONCLUSION:Prestaining concen-trate gels with RBY or ERY can enhance the efficiency of gel-based electrophoresis and immunoblotting analysis.

Objective:To understand the expectations of Hong Kong residents to seek for medical treatment in Shenzhen and the influencing factors,so as to provide a reference for promoting the medical cooperation between Shenzhen and Hong Kong and the integration of medical services in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area.Methods:Based on the Anderson model,a questionnaire survey on medical expectations was conducted among 1 592 Hong Kong residents who sought medical treatment at the University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital.Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of medical ex-pectations in different dimensions.Results:The overall expectation score of Hong Kong residents for medical treatment in Shenzhen was 3.01,and the most important concern was the professionalism and accessibility of medical services.The results of binary logis-tic regression analysis showed that gender,education level,birth and growth area,long-term living area,frequency of visiting Shenzhen,opinions of relatives and friends and monthly income were the influencing factors of medical treatment expectation of Hong Kong residents(P＜0.05).Conclusion:It is suggested that Hong Kong residents'sense of identity and trust in Shenzhen's healthcare should be enhanced,and that Shenzhen and Hong Kong should make innovations in the convergence of medical security systems,the supply of Hong Kong's medicines and devices in Shenzhen,so as to promote the integrated development of medical and health services in Shenzhen and Hong Kong,and jointly build a"health community"in the GBA.

AIM:To investigate the effect of dyes,Remazol BrOrange yellow(RBY)and erythrosine(ERY),on the outcomes of immunoblotting analysis when used for staining the concentrate gel in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacryl-amide gel electrophoresis(SDS-PAGE).METHODS:Polyacrylamide gels were divided into five groups:the control group(prepared according to the conventional kit protocol),the RBY-stained group with a final concentration of 0.08 g/L,the RBY-stained group with a final concentration of 0.16 g/L,the ERY-stained group with a final concentration of 0.08 g/L,and the ERY-stained group with a final concentration of 0.8 g/L.Gels were prepared and subjected to electro-phoresis,followed by coomassie brilliant blue staining to visualize protein bands.Subsequently,proteins were transferred to PVDF membranes,which were then blocked,incubated with primary and secondary antibodies,washed,and finally ex-posed for imaging to observe the target protein vinculin bands.RESULTS:Compared with the unstained concentrate gel,the loading wells of the RBY or ERY pre-stained concentrate gel were more clearly visible.Analysis of the gels stained with coomassie brilliant blue after electrophoresis and marker visualization showed no significant different in protein elec-trophoretic mobility between prestained and unstained gels.Comparative analysis of the immunoblotting also indicated that the detection of protein samples transferred to PVDF membranes was unaffected.CONCLUSION:Prestaining concen-trate gels with RBY or ERY can enhance the efficiency of gel-based electrophoresis and immunoblotting analysis.

AIM:To investigate the effect and mechanism of panax notoginseng saponins(PNS)inhibiting the proliferation of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells(PASMCs)in rats under the ef-fect of monocrotaline(MCT).METHODS:PASMCs cultured in vitro were randomly divided into the normal control(Control)group,the monocrotaline(MCT)group,the panax notoginseng saponins(PNS)group,the knockdown(M+Si ADAM10)group,the knockdown postconditioning(M+P+Si ADAM10)group,the overexpression(M+OE AD-AM10)group,and the overexpression postcondi-tioning(M+P+OE ADAM10)group.After the model was constructed,the cell viability of each group was measured using the CCK-8 assay,along with Western blot utilized to detect the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA),disinteg-rin metalloproteinase 10(ADAM10),and notch ho-mology protein-3(Notch3)at the cellular neurogen-ic locus,respectively.RESULTS:Under the effect of MCT,the viability of PASMCs was significantly en-hanced(P<0.05 or P<0.01);0-400 mg/L PNS was not toxic to the viability of normal cells,and 100 mg/L PNS could significantly inhibit the MCT-in-duced viability(P<0.01).After the knockdown of ADAM10,the viability of PASMCs significantly de-clined(P<0.01),and the expression of PCNA protein was significantly decreased(P<0.05),evidently in the M+P+Si ADAM10 group.Meanwhile,the ex-pression of ADAM10 and Notch3 protein was signif-icantly decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01),evidently in the M+P+Si ADAM10 group.After overexpression of ADAM10,the viability of PASMCs was significant-ly enhanced(P<0.01),the expression of PCNA pro-tein was significantly increased(P<0.01),the PCNA value was slightly higher(P>0.05),and the expres-sion of ADAM10 and Notch3 protein was signifi-cantly elevated(P<0.05)in the M+P+OE ADAM10 group.Additionally,PASMCs overexpressing AD-AM10 with concomitant PNS exhibited a significant decrease in the expression of PCNA protein com-pared with PASMCs knocking down ADAM10(P<0.01),and the expression of ADAM10 and Notch3 protein declined to varying degrees(P>0.05).CON-CLUSION:Panax notoginseng saponins can mitigate MCT-induced PASMCs proliferation in rats by inhib-iting the ADAM10/Notch3 signaling pathway.

Objective:To understand the expectations of Hong Kong residents to seek for medical treatment in Shenzhen and the influencing factors,so as to provide a reference for promoting the medical cooperation between Shenzhen and Hong Kong and the integration of medical services in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area.Methods:Based on the Anderson model,a questionnaire survey on medical expectations was conducted among 1 592 Hong Kong residents who sought medical treatment at the University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital.Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of medical ex-pectations in different dimensions.Results:The overall expectation score of Hong Kong residents for medical treatment in Shenzhen was 3.01,and the most important concern was the professionalism and accessibility of medical services.The results of binary logis-tic regression analysis showed that gender,education level,birth and growth area,long-term living area,frequency of visiting Shenzhen,opinions of relatives and friends and monthly income were the influencing factors of medical treatment expectation of Hong Kong residents(P＜0.05).Conclusion:It is suggested that Hong Kong residents'sense of identity and trust in Shenzhen's healthcare should be enhanced,and that Shenzhen and Hong Kong should make innovations in the convergence of medical security systems,the supply of Hong Kong's medicines and devices in Shenzhen,so as to promote the integrated development of medical and health services in Shenzhen and Hong Kong,and jointly build a"health community"in the GBA.

Objective　To compare the changes in the genetic diversity of Anopheles minimus through the research on the population genetic characteristics of Anopheles minimus between different years in Nabang Town, Yingjiang County, Yunnan Province. Methods Anopheles mosquitoes were collected by light traps in Nabang Town, Yingjiang County, Yunnan Province in May 2014 and May 2021. After morphological identification, each mosquito was individually stored in separate tubes for further analysis. DNA of Anopheles minimus was extracted using kits. Microsatellite sequences in the template DNA were amplified using eight pairs of fluorescent primers, and the resulting products were subjected to capillary electrophoresis by a sequencing company. PopGen32 software was used to calculate the observed number of alleles (Na), effective number of alleles (Ne), observed heterozygosity (Ho), expected heterozygosity (He), and Shannon's information index (I) for individual microsatellite loci and population groups. PIC-CALC software was used to calculate the polymorphic information content (PIC). Results A total of 158 mosquitoes belonging to 6 Anopheles species were captured in 2014, while 529 mosquitoes belonging to 5 Anopheles species were captured in 2021. The composition ratio of Anopheles minimus among the mosquito species differed significantly between 2014 and 2021 (χ2=70.48, P<0.01). For 8 microsatellite loci, a total of 85 alleles were detected, a range of 6-20 alleles per locus and an average of 10.625 alleles. Ne ranged from 1.717 to 7.797, with an average of 4.011. The highest PIC was found in the am4 locus, and the lowest in the am25 locus. For the population groups, 77 alleles were found in 2014, and 62 alleles were found in 2021. Ne ranged from 1.630 to 8.658, with an average of 4.147 in 2014. Ne ranged from 1.760 to 6.744, with an average of 3.698 in 2021. The average Ho was 0.641 in 2014 and 0.650 in 2021, while the average He was 0.699 in 2014 and 0.691 in 2021. The Shannon's index ranged from 0.774 to 2.493 in 2014, with an average of 1.579, and from 0.938 to 2.224 in 2021, with an average of 1.464. Na, Ne, I, and PIC were all higher in 2014 compared to 2021, with Na: 9.625>7.750, Ne: 4.147>3.698, I: 1.579>1.464, and PIC: 0.655>0.640, respectively. Conclusions The populations of Anopheles minimus in Nabang Town, Yingjiang County, exhibited high levels of polymorphism in both 2014 and 2021. However, the genetic diversity of the population in 2021 was lower than that in 2014.

AIM:To investigate the effect and mechanism of the exogenous hydrogen sulfide donor GYY4137 on hypoxia-induced proliferation of rat pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells(PASMCs).METHODS:Rat PASMCs in optimal growth condition were used.Once the cell density reached 60%～70%,the cells were serum starved for 24 h.The cells were then randomly divided into four groups:normal group,normal+GYY4137 group,hypoxia group,and hypoxia+GYY4137 group.A CCK-8 assay was used to determine the safe concentration range of GYY4137 that exerted no adverse effects on normal cells,and the optimal concentration of GYY4137 to inhibit hypoxia-induced proliferation of PASMCs was identified.EdU staining was employed to assess PASMCs proliferation in each group.Western blot analysis was conducted to evaluate the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA)and proteins related to glycolysis and pyroptosis in PASMCs.Lactic acid content was quantified using a lactic acid assay kit.Immunofluorescence was used to detect the pro-tein expression of hexokinase 2(HK2)and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3)in PASMCs,and the levels of interleukin-1β(IL-1β)and IL-18 in PASMCs were measured using ELISA.RESULTS:The effective concentration of GYY4137 in inhibiting hypoxia-induced viability of PAMSCs was 100 μmol/L(P＜0.05).Com-pared with the hypoxia group,the hypoxia+GYY4137 group showed a significant decrease in PCNA protein expression(P＜0.05),reduced PAMSCs proliferation(P＜0.01),decreased HK2 and pyruvate kinase isozyme type M2(PKM2)protein expression(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),increased pyruvate dehydrogenase(PDH)protein expression(P＜0.05),and reduced lac-tic acid content(P＜0.01).Additionally,the expression of pyroptosis-related proteins was significantly decreased(P＜0.015,P＜0.01),and immunofluorescence revealed a significant decrease in HK2 and NLRP3 expression(P＜0.01).ELISA results showed that IL-1β and IL-18 protein levels were significantly decreased(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).CONCLU-SION:GYY4137 inhibits hypoxia-induced proliferation of rat PASMCs by regulating glycolysis and pyroptosis.

Objective:To explore the potent effects of denatonium benzoate(DB)on Mas-related G protein-coupled receptor-B2(MrgprB2)-mediated rat mast cell degranulation.Methods:RBL-2H3 cells were treated with DB overnight,before challenged with MrgprB2 ligands substance P(SP).The release of β-hex from MrgprB2-activated RBL-2H3 was detected by substrate method.Detec-tion of LTC4,IL-6,TNF-α and cPLA2 activity were performed by ELISA.The Ca2+influx and the expression of RBL-2H3 MrgprB2 re-ceptors were measured by fluorescence assay.Results:The results showed 10 μmol/L,50 μmol/L,80 μmol/L,100 μmol/L DB treat-ments promoted β-hex and LTC4 releases from activated RBL-2H3,accompanied by increased Ca2+mobilization and cPLA2 activa-tion.DB treatments did not affect IL-6 and TNF-α LTC4 releases in MrgprB2-activated RBL-2H3,as well as the levels of MrgprB2 ex-pression in mast cells.Conclusion:Taken together,DB enhanced the MrgprB2-mediated RBL-2H3 degranulation in vitro,probably by up-regulating Ca2+mobilization in activated cells.

AIM:To investigate the effect and mechanism of the exogenous hydrogen sulfide donor GYY4137 on hypoxia-induced proliferation of rat pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells(PASMCs).METHODS:Rat PASMCs in optimal growth condition were used.Once the cell density reached 60%～70%,the cells were serum starved for 24 h.The cells were then randomly divided into four groups:normal group,normal+GYY4137 group,hypoxia group,and hypoxia+GYY4137 group.A CCK-8 assay was used to determine the safe concentration range of GYY4137 that exerted no adverse effects on normal cells,and the optimal concentration of GYY4137 to inhibit hypoxia-induced proliferation of PASMCs was identified.EdU staining was employed to assess PASMCs proliferation in each group.Western blot analysis was conducted to evaluate the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA)and proteins related to glycolysis and pyroptosis in PASMCs.Lactic acid content was quantified using a lactic acid assay kit.Immunofluorescence was used to detect the pro-tein expression of hexokinase 2(HK2)and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3(NLRP3)in PASMCs,and the levels of interleukin-1β(IL-1β)and IL-18 in PASMCs were measured using ELISA.RESULTS:The effective concentration of GYY4137 in inhibiting hypoxia-induced viability of PAMSCs was 100 μmol/L(P＜0.05).Com-pared with the hypoxia group,the hypoxia+GYY4137 group showed a significant decrease in PCNA protein expression(P＜0.05),reduced PAMSCs proliferation(P＜0.01),decreased HK2 and pyruvate kinase isozyme type M2(PKM2)protein expression(P＜0.05,P＜0.01),increased pyruvate dehydrogenase(PDH)protein expression(P＜0.05),and reduced lac-tic acid content(P＜0.01).Additionally,the expression of pyroptosis-related proteins was significantly decreased(P＜0.015,P＜0.01),and immunofluorescence revealed a significant decrease in HK2 and NLRP3 expression(P＜0.01).ELISA results showed that IL-1β and IL-18 protein levels were significantly decreased(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).CONCLU-SION:GYY4137 inhibits hypoxia-induced proliferation of rat PASMCs by regulating glycolysis and pyroptosis.