To develop and validate a model for predicting intensive care unit (ICU) mortality risk in patients with malignant tumors complicated by acute respiratory failure (ARF) based on an explainable machine learning framework.

OBJECTIVE To preliminarily assess the horizontal sound localization and its influencing factors in patients with unilateral sudden sensorineural hearing loss during the acute phase.METHODS The azimuth discrimination test and azimuth identification test were completed,with the speech sound(65 dB SPL)as the stimulus.The minimum audible angle(MAA)and root-mean-square error(RMSE)were obtained,and the RMSE of the affected side and the healthy side were calculated respectively.According to the WHO(2021)hearing loss classification criteria,the data were analyzed based on the pure-tone average(PTA)of the affected ear.And the best resident hearing at each frequency of the affected ear was recorded.RESULTS The performance of the unilateral sudden sensorineural hearing loss patients in the sound localization varied greatly.Some performed close to the normal level,while others completely lost the ability to localize sound.The RMSE of the moderate hearing loss group(≥35 dB HL)was significantly higher than that of the normal hearing group(P<0.01),the MAA of the moderate to severe hearing loss group(≥50 dB HL)showed statistically significant differencescompared with normal hearing group(P<0.001).The RMSE of the affected side of patients in the severe and above hearing loss group was significantly larger than that of the healthy side.Regression analysis showed that the best resident hearing at each frequency of the affected ear was the most significant factor affecting MAA(R2=0.572,P<0.001)and RMSE(R2=0.768,P<0.001).CONCLUSION The horizontal sound localization of unilateral sudden sensorineural hearing loss patients in the acute phase varies greatly.When the PTA of the affected side reaches moderate hearing loss,the localization ability is significantly lower than that of normal-hearing individuals.The best resident hearing at each frequency of the affected ear is the key factor affecting the localization ability.

This study started from the connotation of public welfare and, from the perspective of equal rights and responsibilities, interpreted the public welfare responsibilities and entitlements of hospitals. It developed corresponding quantitative measurement tools and constructed a Public Welfare Rights and Responsibilities Index. Public welfare responsibilities were reflected in the provision of equitable, accessible, appropriate, and reasonable basic medical and public health services. These responsibilities were quantified using the market price of basic medical services, the average cost per case-mix index unit, and public service expenditures. Entitlements were reflected in financial subsidies, tax exemptions, and land policy support. Based on this framework, the study applies the Public Welfare Rights and Responsibilities Index to evaluate 147 public hospitals in City S from 2019 to 2021. The results show that the overall level of public welfare among public hospitals in City S was relatively high (with an average index of 2.39), but showed a slight downward trend. Differences were observed across hospital grades and types, with secondary-level hospitals and general hospitals demonstrating relatively higher levels of public welfare. This study could provide a practical and quantifiable method for measuring hospital public welfare within an equal rights and responsibilities framework, offering a novel analytical tool and empirical evidence to support policy formulation and performance evaluation.

AIM:To establish a stable and efficient rat model of alcoholic liver disease(ALD),we investigat-ed the effects of different alcoholic beverage concentrations and alcohol dosing regimens.METHODS:(1)SPF-grade male SD rats were randomized into 5 groups(n=10):blank,ALD1,ALD2,ALD3,and ALD4.Except for the blank group,rats received intragastric administration of 56%alcohol(6 mL/kg twice daily with an 8-hour interval)for 4 weeks,along with free access to 0%,5%,10%,or 15%alcoholic beverage to evaluate concentration-dependent effects.(2)An-other cohort was divided into three groups(n=10):blank,ALD5,and ALD6.Rats(except blank)were gavaged with 56%alcohol twice daily for 9 weeks(8 mL/kg for ALD5;6 mL/kg in week 1,increasing by 0.5 mL/kg weekly for ALD6),with 10%alcoholic beverage available ad libitum to assess dose-dependent effects.Serum biochemical markers[alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),total cholesterol(TC),triglycerides(TG),high-density li-poprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)]and inflammatory cytokines[interleu-kin-6(IL-6),IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)]were analyzed after modeling,complemented by imaging(B-ultrasound,CT,and MRI).Success and survival rates were calculated.RESULTS:(1)ALD1～4 groups exhibited sig-nificantly elevated ALT,AST,TC,TG,LDL-C,IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α(P<0.05 or P<0.01)and reduced HDL-C and liver-to-spleen CT density ratio vs blank.ALD3(10%alcoholic beverage)showed the highest modeling success rate with low mortality.(2)ALD5 and ALD6 groups also had siginificant differin terms(P<0.01),with ALD6(gradually increas-ing dose)displaying more severe liver injury,higher success rate,and better survival.CONCLUSION:The optimal ALD model was induced by intragastric administration of 56%alcohol(6 mL/kg twice daily in week 1,increasing by 0.5 mL/kg weekly for 9 weeks)combined with 10%alcoholic beverage.This protocol offers a reliable approach for ALD re-search and drug development.

AIM:To establish a stable and efficient rat model of alcoholic liver disease(ALD),we investigat-ed the effects of different alcoholic beverage concentrations and alcohol dosing regimens.METHODS:(1)SPF-grade male SD rats were randomized into 5 groups(n=10):blank,ALD1,ALD2,ALD3,and ALD4.Except for the blank group,rats received intragastric administration of 56%alcohol(6 mL/kg twice daily with an 8-hour interval)for 4 weeks,along with free access to 0%,5%,10%,or 15%alcoholic beverage to evaluate concentration-dependent effects.(2)An-other cohort was divided into three groups(n=10):blank,ALD5,and ALD6.Rats(except blank)were gavaged with 56%alcohol twice daily for 9 weeks(8 mL/kg for ALD5;6 mL/kg in week 1,increasing by 0.5 mL/kg weekly for ALD6),with 10%alcoholic beverage available ad libitum to assess dose-dependent effects.Serum biochemical markers[alanine aminotransferase(ALT),aspartate aminotransferase(AST),total cholesterol(TC),triglycerides(TG),high-density li-poprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)]and inflammatory cytokines[interleu-kin-6(IL-6),IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)]were analyzed after modeling,complemented by imaging(B-ultrasound,CT,and MRI).Success and survival rates were calculated.RESULTS:(1)ALD1～4 groups exhibited sig-nificantly elevated ALT,AST,TC,TG,LDL-C,IL-1β,IL-6 and TNF-α(P<0.05 or P<0.01)and reduced HDL-C and liver-to-spleen CT density ratio vs blank.ALD3(10%alcoholic beverage)showed the highest modeling success rate with low mortality.(2)ALD5 and ALD6 groups also had siginificant differin terms(P<0.01),with ALD6(gradually increas-ing dose)displaying more severe liver injury,higher success rate,and better survival.CONCLUSION:The optimal ALD model was induced by intragastric administration of 56%alcohol(6 mL/kg twice daily in week 1,increasing by 0.5 mL/kg weekly for 9 weeks)combined with 10%alcoholic beverage.This protocol offers a reliable approach for ALD re-search and drug development.

Objectives: Korea and China have the highest sodium intakes globally. The sodium index is a quantitative measure of the estimated sodium intake, calculated using a regression equation with proven validity and reliability in individuals aged 19–69 years. This study aimed to compare the sodium index of Korean and Chinese university students and analyze the association between the sodium index and the risk of obesity. Methods: A total of 218 university students—110 Korean (63 males, 47 females) and 108 Chinese (60 males, 48 females)—participated in this study in 2019. Sodium-related awareness, nutritional knowledge, and sodium index were compared between Korean and Chinese students. Obesity indicators were compared according to three criteria for the sodium index of Korean and Chinese students: “moderate,” “careful,” and “severe. ” The association between sodium index levels and risk of obesity was analyzed using multiple logistic regression analysis adjusted for age and sex. Results: Overall, 84% of students recognized that they consumed large amounts of sodium. Korean students demonstrated higher nutritional knowledge scores than Chinese students. The average estimated sodium intake was 3,751 mg, and no significant difference was observed between Korean (3,857 mg) and Chinese (3,643 mg) students. The overall average sodium index was 187, which falls under the “careful” level. As the sodium index levels increased, the students’ body mass index, waist-hip ratio (WHR), and fat-related indicators significantly increased. At the “severe” level of the sodium index, Korean and Chinese students had 2.402-fold and 1.636-fold increases in the risk of obesity based on body fat percentage, and 3.682-fold and 1.622-fold increases based on WHR, respectively. Conclusion This study demonstrated an association between sodium index and obesity risk, showing that excessive sodium intake affects body fat-related indicators in university students.

This study started from the connotation of public welfare and, from the perspective of equal rights and responsibilities, interpreted the public welfare responsibilities and entitlements of hospitals. It developed corresponding quantitative measurement tools and constructed a Public Welfare Rights and Responsibilities Index. Public welfare responsibilities were reflected in the provision of equitable, accessible, appropriate, and reasonable basic medical and public health services. These responsibilities were quantified using the market price of basic medical services, the average cost per case-mix index unit, and public service expenditures. Entitlements were reflected in financial subsidies, tax exemptions, and land policy support. Based on this framework, the study applies the Public Welfare Rights and Responsibilities Index to evaluate 147 public hospitals in City S from 2019 to 2021. The results show that the overall level of public welfare among public hospitals in City S was relatively high (with an average index of 2.39), but showed a slight downward trend. Differences were observed across hospital grades and types, with secondary-level hospitals and general hospitals demonstrating relatively higher levels of public welfare. This study could provide a practical and quantifiable method for measuring hospital public welfare within an equal rights and responsibilities framework, offering a novel analytical tool and empirical evidence to support policy formulation and performance evaluation.

It analyzes the development achievements of the construction of the basic medical security system and the key issues of its high-quality development in China,and puts forward the countermeasures of promoting the high-quality development of the basic medical security system.In recent years,China's basic medical security system has made remarkable development achievements,but it is still facing a series of problems in the areas of participation,financing,treatment guarantee security and fund supervision.The implementation of accurate participation and expansion,the improvement of the financing mechanism,and the promotion of synergistic development and governance of medical care,medical insurance and pharmaceuticals are the keys to meeting the residents'growing health needs and promoting the high-quality development of China's basic medical security system.

Private health insurance(PHI)is an important component of China's multi-tiered medical security system,meeting people's multi-level and diversified health needs through supplementing and connecting with the basic medical insurance(BMI).It aims to draw on the practical experience of typical countries to provide implications for developing PHI that complements BMI in China.Considering the different models of medical security systems in various countries and the diverse functional positioning of PHI,France,Germany,Australia,the United Kingdom,and the United States are selected as reference objects.After examining the macro institutional systems of PHI,coverage population,benefits packages,characteristics of coordination with health care and medicines,as well as supporting regulatory measures,the experiences are summarized.Based on China's context,it proposes to improve institutional system building,enrich product supply,expand the insured population,explore the coverage list formulation,and refine supporting regulatory policies.

The development of private health insurance is crucial for the construction of a multi-tiered healthcare security.Since entering the innovative development stage,the types and protection contents of private health insurance products have been continuously enriched,but there are still some problems.Taking Shanghai as the research object,it describes the development status of private health insurance in Shanghai by analyzing relevant policies,premium income,and product types.It locates many problems such as product supply and industrial synergy,such as uneven product distribution,insufficient product differentiation,insufficient information disclosure,and the need to improve the risk management and control capabilities of insurance institutions.It also puts forward suggestions such as enriching product types,optimizing insurance content,strengthening multi-party collaboration,and establishing a long-term mechanism to promote the high-quality development of commercial health insurance.