OBJECTIVE To upgrade the drug traceability code management system for a pediatric hospital under the “payment by code” background， aiming to comprehensively enhance traceability integrity， efficiency， and compliance. METHODS Taking Xiamen Children’s Hospital as the implementation setting， a before-and-after control design was adopted to construct an intelligent drug traceability code management system through systematic upgrades involving the technology platform， core mechanisms， and coordination with medical insurance. Key interventions included： upgrading a traceability code management platform and designing a dynamic code pool； innovating differentiated traceability mechanisms for routine， split-dose， and special drugs； establishing a tiered early-warning and emergency response system； and constructing a data coordination and quality control system. The drug traceability code upload rate served as the primary outcome. Process indicators such as the root causes distribution of failed uploads and the duration of medication returns， and a comprehensive outcome （the number of insurance-flagged abnormal prescriptions） were also analyzed. The data between the baseline period （April 2025） and the observation period （June-August 2025） were compared and evaluated. RESULTS After the upgrade， the overall upload rate of drug traceability codes increased from 9.21% （baseline） to 99.86% （August 2025）. The upload rate of traceability codes in previously unmanaged areas， such as the inpatient pharmacy and pharmacy intravenous admixture services， soared from 0 to nearly 100%. The proportion of non-uploads due to system issues fell from 66.44% （June 2025） to 2.62% （August Additionally， the number of insurance-flagged） abnormal prescriptions dropped sharply from 2 275.00 in the first “payment by code” policy month （July 2025） to 212.00 by the end of the observation period （August 2025）， a 90.70% decrease. CONCLUSIONS The developed management system effectively addresses complex scenario challenges such as high-frequency drug splitting. It significantly enhances traceability code upload performance and ensures a high degree of compliance with medical insurance data requirements. These outcomes contribute to proactive risk mitigation against insurance claim denials and demonstrate a concurrent optimization of pharmacy operations.

Objective To investigate the inhibitory effect of erianin on T cell proliferation and its underlying mechanism.Methods Peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs)were isolated using density gradient centrifugation,and T cells were purified by magnetic-activated cell sorting(MACS)with immunomagnetic beads,followed by being activated with anti-human CD3 antibodies and anti-human CD28 antibodies.The activated T cells were labeled with carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester(CFSE),and the effects of erianin(0.05～0.20 μmol/L)on the proliferation,apoptosis,expression of activation marker cluster of differentiation 25(CD25),cell cycle distribution of activated T cells,as well as the survival rate of resting T cells were assessed using flow cytometry.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)was applied to determine the secretion levels of IL-2 and IL-17 in the culture supernatant of erianin-treated activated T cells.Western blotting was employed to examine the impact of erianin on the protein expression of cell division cycle protein 2(CDC2),phosphorylated CDC2(p-CDC2),and Cyclin B1.The differences were observed between the erianin-treated group and the positive control group(activation with CD3/CD28 antibodies).Results CFSE proliferation assay demonstrated that the proliferative rate of activated T cells was in a concentration-dependent decline after 0.05～0.20 μmol/L erianin treatment(P<0.0001),with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration(IC50)of 0.09±0.10 μmol/L.No significant differences were observed in apoptotic rates or survival rates among the erianin-treated groups(activated and resting T cells)and the positive control cells.Analysis of T cell activation markers revealed that erianin had no impact on CD25 expression or IL-2 secretion.However,ELISA results indicated erianin exerted a significant suppression on the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-17(P<0.0001).Cell cycle analysis showed that erianin arrested activated T cells at the G2/M phase(P<0.05).Further mechanistic investigations demonstrated that while erianin did not alter CDC2 phosphorylation or total CDC2 expression,but it markedly down-regulated CyclinB1 expression(P<0.01).Conclusion Erianin exhibits potent immunomodulatory activity by suppressing activated T cell proliferation through down-regulating Cyclin B1.

Objective To analyze the research literature on fire needling therapy published on China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform(Wanfang),and China Science and Technology Journal Database(VIP)in the last 20 years,and to explore the current status and the hotspots of the research,thus to summarize and analyze the spectrum of the dominant diseases and technological transformations of fire needling therapy.Methods CiteSpace and VOSviewer were applied to analyze the keywords,authors and institutions,to draw the scientific knowledge map,and to summarize the disease spectrum.Results A total of 4 226 literature were included,from 2000 to 2023,the number of publications on fire needling therapy research showed an increasing trend,with each of the four periods showing its own characteristics of the times.The"filiform fire needling"and"pricking of fire needling"were widely used as acupuncture tools and acupuncture techniques in the studies,the emergence of high-frequency disease keywords such as"shingles""vitiligo"and"acne"indicates that research on the treatment of skin diseases with fire needling has attracted much attention.The disease spectrum of fire needling therapy was enlarged,involving a total of 356 diseases distributed in 20 disease systems.Conclusion Skin diseases and arthralgia became the dominant diseases of fire needling therapy,the rise of research hot words such as"acne vulgaris""vitiligo""stroke""chronic eczema""filiform fire needling"and"Lingnan fire needling"indicates that fire needling therapy is developing towards research standardization,theoretical diversification and disease diversification.

Objective To observe the clinical efficacy of modified Danggui Yinzi combined with thumb-tack needling for subcutaneous embedding in the treatment of chronic spontaneous urticaria(CSU)of wind dryness due to blood deficiency type.Methods A total of 68 cases of patients admitted to the dermatology wards and outpatient clinics of The Seventh Clinical School of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine with a definitive diagnosis of CSU of wind dryness due to blood deficiency type were selected as the study subjects from July 2023 to February 2024.The patients were randomly divided into the observation group and the control group according to the random number table method,with 34 cases in each group.The control group was treated with Cetirizine Dihydrochloride Tablets,and the observation group was treated with modified Danggui Yinzi combined with thumb-tack needling for subcutaneous embedding based on the treatment of the control group,the course of treatment covered four weeks.After one month of treatment,the clinical efficacy of the two groups was evaluated,and the changes in Urticaria Activity Score(UAS)and Dermatology Life Quality Index(DLQI)scores and traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome scores before and after treatment were observed in the two groups.The changes of serum total immunoglobulin E(total IgE)levels before and after treatment in the two groups were compared.The safety and recurrence cases of the two groups were evaluated.Results(1)The total effective rate was 91.18％(31/34)in the observation group and 70.59％(24/34)in the control group.The efficacy of the observation group was superior to that of the control group,the difference being statistically significant(P＜0.05).(2)After two,three,and four weeks of treatment,the UAS scores of the patients in the two groups were improved significantly(P＜0.05),and the improvement in the observation group was significantly superior to that in the control group,the difference being statistically significant(P＜0.01).(3)After treatment,the DLQI scores and TCM syndrome scores of the patients in the two groups were improved significantly(P＜0.05),and the improvement in the observation group was significantly superior to that in the control group,the difference being statistically significant(P＜0.01).(4)After treatment,the total IgE levels of patients in the two groups were improved significantly(P＜0.05),and the improvement in the observation group was significantly superior to that in the control group,the difference being statistically significant(P＜0.01).(5)The comparison of the incidence of adverse reactions between the two groups showed that the difference being not statistically significant(P＞0.05).(6)In the follow-up after the completion of treatment,the recurrence rate was 5.88％(2/34)in the observation group and 23.53％(8/34)in the control group,and the recurrence rate of the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group,the difference being statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion Modified Danggui Yinzi combined with thumb-tack needling for subcutaneous embedding in the treatment of CSU of wind dryness due to blood deficiency type can significantly alleviate the clinical symptoms of the patients,improve their quality of life,and reduce the recurrence rate.

Objective To evaluate the value of Bushen Qianggu Formula(BSQGF)applying in the treatment of patients with postmenopausal osteoporotic lumbar vertebral compression fracture(PM-OLVCF)of kidney deficiency and blood stasis type,and to observe its effects on lumbar function and sex hormone profiles.Methods A total of 162 patients with PM-OLVCF of kidney deficiency and blood stasis type treated at Haikou Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital from February 2023 to June 2024 were collected.The patients were equally randomized into a control group and an observation group by using a table of random numbers,with 81 cases in each group.Both groups received percutaneous kyphoplasty and conventional western treatment with analgesics and antibiotics after the operation.Moreover,the control group received oral use of Alfacalcidol+Calcium Carbonate D3 Tablets postoperatively,while the observation group received additional BSQGF decoction orally for 12 weeks.Primary outcomes included Cobb angle,Oswestry Disability Index(ODI),traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome scores,bone mineral density(BMD),and serum levels of preadipocyte factor 1(Pref-1),thromboxane B2(TXB2),cyclooxygenase 2(COX-2),interleukin 6(IL-6),prostaglandin E2(PGE2),bone morphogenetic protein 2(BMP-2),and relative sex hormones.After treatment,therapeutic effects of patients in both groups were evaluated.Results(1)After 12 weeks of treatment,the total effective rate in the observation group was 93.83%(76/81)and that in the control group was 83.95%(68/81),and the observation group showed significantly better therapeutic efficacy than the control group(χ2=8.134,P＜0.05).(2)After 12 weeks of treatment,both groups showed reductions in Cobb angle,ODI scores,and total TCM syndrome scores compared to those before treatment(P＜0.05),and the observation group demonstrated significantly greater reductions than the control group(P＜0.05).(3)After 6 and 12 weeks of treatment,BMD values were increased in both groups compared to those before treatment(P＜0.05),and the observation group showed significantly greater increase of BMD at both 6 and 12 weeks than the control group(P＜0.05).(4)After 2 weeks of treatment,serum TXB2,COX-2,Pref-1,PGE2,and IL-6 levels were decreased while serum BMP-2 level was increased in both groups compared to those before treatment(P＜0.05),and the observation group showed significantly greater reductions in TXB2,COX-2,Pref-1,PGE2,and IL-6 levels and greater increase of BMP-2 level than the control group(P＜0.05).(5)After 12 weeks of treatment,the control group showed no significant changes in serum levels of luteinizing hormone(LH),estradiol(E2),or follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH)(P＞0.05),while the observation group showed decreased serum LH and FSH levels(P＜0.05)and increased serum E2 level(P＜0.05)compared to those before treatment.The intergroup comparison showed that the observation group had more improvements in all these sex hormone indicators than the control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion BSQGF combined with conventional western medicine therapy is effective on inhibiting the secretion of inflammatory factors,promoting fracture healing,and improving lumbar function in patients with PM-OLVCF of kidney deficiency and blood stasis type,and enhances the therapeutic efficacy compared to western medicine treatment alone.

ObjectiveTo investigate the role of paraventricular nucleus (PVN) corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) neurons in chronic restraint stress (CRS)-induced anxiety-like behavior. And whether exercise relieves chronic restraint stress-induced anxiety through PVN CRH neurons. MethodsTwenty 8-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into control (Ctrl) group and chronic restraint stress (CRS) group. The open field test (OFT) and elevated plus maze (EPM) were used to evaluate anxiety-like behavior of the mice. Food intake was recorded after CRS. Immunofluorescence staining was used to label the expression of c-Fos expression in PVN and calculate the co-expression of c-Fos and CRH neurons. We used chemogenetic activation of PVN CRH neurons to observed the anxiety-like behavior. 8-week treadmill training (10-16 m/min, 60 min/d, 6 d/week) were used to explore the role of exercise in ameliorating CRS-induced anxiety behavior and how PVN CRH neurons involved in it. ResultsCompared with Ctrl group, CRS group exhibited significant anxiety-like behavior. In OFT, the mice in CRS groups spent less time in center area (P<0.001). In EPM, the time in open arm in CRS group were significantly decreased (P<0.001). Besides, food intake was also suppressed in CRS group compared with Ctrl group (P<0.05). Compared with Ctrl group, CRS significantly increase c-Fos expression in PVN and most of CRH neurons co-express c-Fos (P<0.001). Chemogenetic activation of PVN CRH neurons induced anxiety-like behavior (P<0.05) and inhibited feeding behavior (P<0.01). Exercise relieves chronic restraint stress-induced anxiety (P<0.001) and relieved the anorexia caused by chronic restraint stress (P<0.05). Aerobic exercise inhibited the CRS labeled c-Fos in PVN CRH neurons (P<0.001). Furthermore, ablation of PVN CRH neurons attenuated CRS induced anxiety-like behavior. ConclusionCRS activated PVN CRH neurons, induced anxiety-like behavior and reduced food intake. 8-week exercise attenuated CRS-induced anxiety-like behavior through inhibiting PVN CRH neuron. Ablation of CRH PVN neurons ameliorated CRS-induced anxiety-like behavior. These finding reveals a potential neural mechanism of exercise-relieving CRS-induced anxiety-like behavior. This provides a new idea and theoretical basis for the treatment of anxiety and related mental disorders.

Following the release of the Technical Requirements on Quality Control and Standard Establishment of Traditional Chinese Medicine Formula Granules by the National Medical Products Administration in 2021, Chinese Pharmacopoeia Commission has promulgated 296 national drug standards so far, and most provinces have started the work of establishing provincial standards as supplements. The promulgation of standards fostered high-quality development of the industry. Since the implementation of national and provincial standards for more than three years, enterprises have gained deep understanding and hands-on experiences on the characteristics, technical requirements, production process, and quality control of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) formula granules. Meanwhile, challenges have emerged restricting the high-quality development of this industry, including how to formulate quality control strategies for medicinal materials and decoction pieces, how to reduce manufacturing costs, and how to improve the pass rate and product stability under high standards. Based on the work experiences from standard management and process research, this article analyzed the distribution of sources, processing methods, dry extract rate ranges, process requirements for volatile oil-containing decoction pieces, control measures of safety indices, characteristics and trends of setting characteristic chromatograms or fingerprints, characteristics and trends of setting content ranges, and main differences between national standards and provincial standards. On the one hand, this article aims to present main characteristics for deeply understanding different indicators in standards and provide basic ideas for establishing quality and process control systems. On the other hand, from the perspective of industrial practice, suggestions are put forward on the important aspects that need to be focused on in the quality and process control of TCM formula granules.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry* ; Quality Control ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional/standards* ; China ; Drug Industry/standards*

Poor water solubility is the primary obstacle preventing the development of many pharmacologically active compounds into oral preparations. Self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems(SNEDDS) have become a widely used strategy to enhance the oral bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs by inducing a supersaturated state, thereby improving their apparent solubility and dissolution rate. However, the supersaturated solutions formed in SNEDDS are thermodynamically unstable systems with solubility levels exceeding the crystalline equilibrium solubility, making them prone to drug precipitation in the gastrointestinal tract and ultimately hindering drug absorption. Therefore, maintaining a stable supersaturated state is crucial for the effective delivery of poorly soluble drugs. Incorporating polymers as precipitation inhibitors(PPIs) into the formulation of supersaturated self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems(S-SNEDDS) can inhibit drug aggregation and crystallization, thus maintaining a stable supersaturated state. This has emerged as a novel preparation strategy and a key focus in SNEDDS research. This review explores the preparation design of SNEDDS and the technical challenges involved, with a particular focus on polymer-based S-SNEDDS for enhancing the solubility and oral bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. It further elucidates the mechanisms by which polymers participate in transmembrane transport, summarizes the principles by which polymers sustain a supersaturated state, and discusses strategies for enhancing drug absorption. Altogether, this review provides a structured framework for the development of S-SNEDDS preparations with stable quality and reduced development risk, and offers a theoretical reference for the application of S-SNEDDS technology in improving the oral bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs.
Solubility ; Administration, Oral ; Polymers/chemistry* ; Drug Delivery Systems/methods* ; Humans ; Emulsions/chemistry* ; Biological Availability ; Animals ; Pharmaceutical Preparations/administration & dosage*

Objective To explore the active monitoring strategies for hypoglycemia in hospitalized dia-betic patients,as well as their clinical symptom characteristics and influencing factors.Methods A retrospec-tive search was conducted on all inpatients in a tertiary hospital in 2023.The hospital's electronic medical re-cord system was manually retrieved through the inpatient numbers of the patients.Adult inpatients with dia-betes who experienced hypoglycemia were included as the research subjects,and the general conditions and possible hypoglycemia-related risk factors were collected.Embed the hypoglycemic electronic trigger program in China Hospital Pharmacovigilance System(CHPS),reviewed the original medical records of patients with positive trigger triggering,and calculated the positive predictive value(PPV).Searched for the number of hy-poglycemic adverse reaction cases voluntarily reported by this hospital during the same period from National Adverse Reaction Monitoring System and compared with the actual number of hypoglycemic cases discovered.Patients with suspected drug-induced hypoglycemia were divided into the symptomatic group and the asymp-tomatic group based on whether they presented hypoglycemia-related symptoms.Multivariate logistic regres-sion analysis was applied to analyze the influencing factors.Results A total of 1 001 adult hospitalized diabet-ic patients with hypoglycemia were included in the study.Among them,725 cases were suspected of drug-in-duced hypoglycemia,and 495 cases were suspected of hypoglycemia caused by drug interactions.After manual review,131 cases of drug-induced hypoglycemia patients had clinical symptoms,and hypoglycemic adverse re-action events should be reported,PPV of this trigger for symptomatic hypoglycemia was 18.1%(131/725).However,the number of hypoglycemic adverse reactions spontaneously reported through National Adverse Reaction Monitoring System by this hospital during the same period was 4 cases,and the reporting rate was only 3.1%(4/131).Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that aging and grade 2 hypoglycemia were risk factors for the occurrence of related symptoms in patients with suspected drug-induced hypoglycemia(P<0.05),while surgery,type 2 glucosuria,unclassified diabetes,and the use of insulin secretagogues were protective factors(P<0.05).Conclusion Drug-induced hypoglycemia dominates among hospitalized diabetic patients,and age,hypoglycemia grade,inpatient department using insulin secretagogues,diabetes diagnosis and classification are closely related to the occurrence of clinical hypoglycemia-related symptoms.Active monito-ring through CHPS can effectively increase the detection rate and reporting rate of hypoglycemic adverse e-vents in hospitalized diabetic patients.