Autism spectrum disorder(ASD)is a highly heterogeneous neurodevelopmental disorder with a complex underlying genetic structure.Current preclinical trials,however,mainly rely on rodent models to test the effects of non-pharmacological and pharmacological interventions on the core and related symptoms of ASD.This paper considers the brain regions that affect social interaction behaviors from the perspective of cognitive neural mechanisms,and reviews behavioral testing experiments,such as the three-chamber social interaction test,visible burrow system,and eco-HAB system.We also summarize effective non-pharmacological and pharmacological interventions,such as baclofen,oxytocin,and metformin,in the core and related symptom areas of ASD.This review aims to provide reference directions to promote the development of preclinical trials using rodent models.

Objective To analyze and study the prescriptions of Chief Physician Chang Yalin for treating breast hyperplasia patients in the outpatient department,explores and summarizes the medication patterns for treating breast hyperplasia,and provides reference and dialectical medication ideas for clinical treatment of breast hyperplasia by using data mining technology.Methods Collect the prescriptions of Dr.Chang Yalin for treating breast hyperplasia patients at the Outpatient Department of Jiuquan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital from January 1,2017 to December 31,2022.After induction and organization,establish a data table,use Excel 2019 to statistically analyze the drug frequency and gender,taste,and meridian.Use SPSS Modoler 18.0 software April algorithm to analyze the association rules of the drugs,and use SPSS Statistics for cluster analysis.Results A total of 184 prescriptions were included,covering 140 types of traditional Chinese medicine,with a total frequency of use of 4059 times.Among them,Cornus officinalis,dried ginger,roasted licorice,Poria cocos,and jujube are commonly used drugs for the treatment of breast hyperplasia.The top three types of Chinese medicine that are commonly used are tonifying deficiency,warming internal medicine,and relieving external symptoms.The medicinal properties are mainly warm and mild;The medicinal taste is characterized by sweetness,bitterness,and bitterness;The main meridians of drugs are spleen,lung,and heart meridians.Association rule analysis shows that roasted licorice white peony,poria cocos,licorice,and cornus flesh white peony,jujube,and ginger are equivalent.Classify commonly used drugs into 4 categories using Euclidean distance clustering and segmentation with 5.Conclusion Dr.Chang Yalin has always implemented the core idea of treating breast hyperplasia through the coordination of liver and spleen,the simultaneous application of attack and tonifying,and the simultaneous treatment of phlegm and blood stasis.In terms of the combination of latent drugs,the main focus is on tonifying qi and spleen,tonifying yin/blood and regulating liver,and resolving stasis/resolving phlegm and dispersing stagnation.In terms of the combination of"cold phlegm"and"blood stasis and toxin",as well as the combination of"eighteen contraindications"and"nineteen contraindications",his principles and methods are more distinctive and worthy of further research and promotion.

Background::Bladder cancer, characterized by a high potential of tumor recurrence, has high lifelong monitoring and treatment costs. To date, tumor cells with intrinsic softness have been identified to function as cancer stem cells in several cancer types. Nonetheless, the existence of soft tumor cells in bladder tumors remains elusive. Thus, our study aimed to develop a microbarrier microfluidic chip to efficiently isolate deformable tumor cells from distinct types of bladder cancer cells.Methods::The stiffness of bladder cancer cells was determined by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The modified microfluidic chip was utilized to separate soft cells, and the 3D Matrigel culture system was to maintain the softness of tumor cells. Expression patterns of integrin β8 (ITGB8), protein kinase B (AKT), and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) were determined by Western blotting. Double immunostaining was conducted to examine the interaction between F-actin and tripartite motif containing 59 (TRIM59). The stem-cell-like characteristics of soft cells were explored by colony formation assay and in vivo studies upon xenografted tumor models. Results::Using our newly designed microfluidic approach, we identified a small fraction of soft tumor cells in bladder cancer cells. More importantly, the existence of soft tumor cells was confirmed in clinical human bladder cancer specimens, in which the number of soft tumor cells was associated with tumor relapse. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the biomechanical stimuli arising from 3D Matrigel activated the F-actin/ITGB8/TRIM59/AKT/mTOR/glycolysis pathways to enhance the softness and tumorigenic capacity of tumor cells. Simultaneously, we detected a remarkable up-regulation in ITGB8, TRIM59, and phospho-AKT in clinical bladder recurrent tumors compared with their non-recurrent counterparts.Conclusions::The ITGB8/TRIM59/AKT/mTOR/glycolysis axis plays a crucial role in modulating tumor softness and stemness. Meanwhile, the soft tumor cells become more sensitive to chemotherapy after stiffening, that offers new insights for hampering tumor progression and recurrence.

Objective To explore the predictive value of high mobility group box1 protein B1(HMGB1),systemic immune inflammatory index(SII),calcium binding protein A8/A9 complex(S100A8/A9)and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1)in diagnosis and prognosis of rheumatoid arthritis(RA).Methods A total of 154 patients with definitely diagnosed RA in Yingtan Municipal People's Hospital and Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University from January to December 2022 were selected as the RA group,303 patients with non-RA(including 78 cases of Sjogren's syndrome,62 cases of systemic lupus er-ythematosus,79 cases of ankylosing spondylitis and 84 cases of osteoarthritis)during the same period were se-lected as the non-RA group,and 43 healthy people undergoing the physical examination served as the control group.The levels of HMGB1,S100A8/A9 and MCP-1 were detected by ELISA,the levels of platelets(PLT)and lymphocytes were detected by the sheath flow electrical impedance method,the neutrophils level was de-tected by flow cytometry combined with fluorescence staining,then SII was calculated and the other laboratory indicators were detected.The RA group was divided into the remission group(n=35),low disease activity group(n=27),middle disease activity group(n=50)and high disease activity group(n=42)according to the disease activity index 28 score(DAS28).The treatment effect was further evaluated.The patients were followed up and observed before treatment(T0),and in 1,2,3 months after treatment(T1,T2,T3).Then the correlation among the indicators in various time was analyzed.Results The levels of HMGB1,SII,S100A8/A9 and MCP-1 in the RA group were higher than those in the control group(P＜0.05),their area under curve(AUC)for diagnosing RA were 0.86,0.79,0.84 and 0.80,respectively.The positive rates of HMGB1,SII,S100A8/A9 and MCP-1 in the patients with rheumatoid factor(RF)negative or anti-cyclic citrullinated pep-tide(CCP)negative were 37.50％,37.50％,50.00％and 62.50％,respectively.The levels of HMGB1,S100A8/A9 and MCP-1 in the high disease activity group and middle disease activity group were higher than those in the low disease activity group,remission group and control group(P＜0.05).The levels of HMGB1,SII,S100A8/A9 and MCP-1 were positively correlated with the DSA28 score(r=0.476,0.286,0.522,0.441,P＜0.05);the changed values of HMGB1,SII,S100A8/A9 and MCP-1 before and after treatment in RA pa-tients also was positively correlated with DAS28 changed value(r=0.628,0.524,0.603 and 0.579,P＜0.05).Conclusion HMGB1,SII,S100A8/A9 and MCP-1 could be used for the monitoring of disease activity and disease condition evaluation in the patients with RA.

Clinical evaluation of the health outcomes of children with cancer mainly includes two ways: children's self-reporting and parents' agent reporting. Research has confirmed that there are differences between the two reported outcomes, which will have an impact on monitoring the progress of children's disease and guiding clinical decision-making. This article reviews the research progress of the consistency between self-report and parent-report in children with cancer, including common tools, research status and influencing factors, so as to provide a reference for clinical medical and nursing staff to accurately obtain the information of children's condition, promote clinical decision-making, and improve the management of children's symptoms and the quality of care.

Objective:To systematically integrate the life experience of adolescent and young adult survivors of childhood cancer.Methods:Qualitative research of life experience in adolescent and young adult survivors of childhood cancer were searched through PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Web of Science, China Biomedical Literature Database, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP, and Wanfang Data. The search time limit was from the establishment of each database to June 30, 2022. The quality of articles was evaluated using the Australian Centre for Evidence-Based Health Care Qualitative Research Quality Evaluation Criteria. Meta synthesis method was used to integrate results.Results:A total of 11 articles were included, 8 categories were formed and 3 synthesis results were integrated, namely life-normal changes resulting from cancer experiences, adaption and growth in coping, relevant needs and support.Conclusions:Cancer experience has caused huge psychological burden on adolescent and young adult survivors of childhood cancer. Medical staff and society should pay attention to this special group, provide continuous medical care and psychological intervention, strengthen patients' family and social support system, promote their integration into society, improve their quality of life.

Objective:To investigate the correlation between food-specific IgG (sIgG) antibodies and phenotypes of chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) .Methods:Serum samples were collected from outpatients with active CSU, symptomatic dermographism (SD) , or acute urticaria (AU) , and healthy controls from 5 third-grade class-A hospitals such as the First Hospital of China Medical University between April 2014 and March 2015. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was conducted to detect serum levels of 90 food-sIgG antibodies and total IgE, Western blot analysis to detect levels of 20 allergen-specific IgE antibodies, and chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay to detect levels of anti-thyroid peroxidase IgG antibodies and anti-thyroglobulin IgG antibodies. Comparisons of normally distributed quantitative data between two groups and among several groups were performed by t test and one-way analysis of variance, respectively; comparisons of non-normally distributed quantitative data between two groups were performed by Mann-Whitney U test; for comparisons of proportions, chi-square test and Fisher′s exact test were used. Results:A total of 248 patients with CSU, 22 with SD, 15 with AU and 13 healthy controls were recruited. The cut-off level for sIgG positivity was 100 U/ml (at least 2+) , and the positive rate of food-sIgG antibodies was slightly higher in the patients with CSU (176/248, 70.97%) , SD (15/22, 68.18%) and AU (11/15) than in the healthy controls (7/13; χ2 = 1.80, P = 0.615) . Among the 248 CSU patients, the proportion of patients with family history of allergic diseases was significantly higher in the sIgG-positive group (71/176, 40.34%) than in the sIgG-negative group (19/72, 26.39%; χ2 = 4.30, P = 0.042) , while no significant difference was observed in the 1-day urticaria activity score (UASday) between the two groups ( Z = 0.18, P = 0.859) . Totally, 177 CSU patients completed 12- to 40-week treatment; their condition could be completely controlled by second-generation H1-antihistamines, and there was no significant difference in the required dosage of second-generation H1-antihistamines between the sIgG-positive group (128 cases) and sIgG-negative group (49 cases; Z = -1.06, P = 0.298) . Conclusions:The prevalence of family history of allergic diseases was relatively high in food-sIgG-positive patients with CSU. However, food-sIgG could not be used as an indicator to reflect the disease activity of CSU and treatment response.

This article reviews the concept, current status and the commonly used assessment methods of self-compassion in cancer patients. This article also summarizes the intervention methods for improving self-compassion in cancer patients, so as to provide a reference for effectively exerting the positive role of self-compassion on cancer patients.

Objective:To explore the effect of coronary injection of recombinant human prourokinase (rhPro-UK) during PCI for ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEMI) patients.Methods:A total of 124 STEMI patients treated in Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Hebei Province from November 2018 to November 2019 were selected as the research objects.They were simply randomized by random number table method into the observation group(63 cases) and the control group(61 cases). Thrombus aspiration was used.The control group was treated with 25 μg/kg tirofiban, and the observation group was injected with 20 mg rhPro-UK into the coronary arteries.After that, both groups underwent emergency PCI treatment.The bleeding degree, myocardial microcirculation indexes, plasma fibrinolytic factor changes, vascular recanalization, ST segment fall of electrocardiogram and changes in left ventricular end diastolic diameter (LVEDD), left ventricular end systolic diameter (LVESD), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), cardiac index (CI) were recorded.Results:The peak value of creatine kinase isoenzymes MB (CK-MB) (184.64±21.47) U/L and the peak time of CK-MB (14.32±2.02) h in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group((258.94±31.64) U/L, (16.58±2.09) h), the differences were statistically significant ( t=15.345 and 6.123, all P<0.001). After treatment, human tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) (0.85±0.28) kU/L in the observation group was significantly higher than that in the control group (0.74±0.24) kU/L, human plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) (0.16±0.05) kU/L.compared with the control group (0.32±0.08) kU/L significantly decreased ( t=2.345, P=0.021; t=13.401, P<0.001); 77.78% (49/63) of the ST-segment complete fall in observation group was significantly higher than 54.10% (33/61) of the control group ( Z=7.758; P=0.005), and 4.76% (3/63) in the observation group without a fall in ST segment was significantly lower than 19.67% (12/61) of the control group ( Z=6.480; P=0.011). The LVEDD at 7 days, 14 days and the LVESD at 7 days and 14 days in the observation group were (49.37±3.14) mm, (48.34±3.03) mm, (33.19±2.23) mm and (32.05±2.23) mm respectively, which were significantly lower than those in the control group at 7 days, (50.64±3.03) mm, (49.66±2.83) mm, (34.86±1.73) mm and 14 days, (33.74±1.97) mm respectively ( P<0.05 or P<0.001). The LVEF of 7 days and 14 days after treatment were (56.32±4.97)% and (59.23±5.11)%, which were significantly higher than those of the control group (54.46±4.87)% and (57.18±4.33)% ( P<0.05 or P<0.001). CI at 7 days and 14 days after treatment were (3.65±0.22) L/ (min·m 2) and (3.76±0.21) L/(min·m 2), which were significantly higher than those of the control group (3.48±0.25) L/(min·m 2) and (3.56±0.24) L/(min·m 2)( P<0.05 or P<0.001). Conclusion:STEMI patients treated by intraoperative coronary injection of Rhpro-UK versus tirofeban, can further improve the total bleeding rate and the vascular recanalculation rate, and also significantly improve plasma fibrinolysis factor, myocardial microcirculation and cardiac function.This provides an alternative to the treatment of myocardial infarction in patients with STEMI.

Objective:To examine the clinical experience and outcomes of coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) using radial artery as the second arterial graft.Methods:Totally 585 patients in whom both left internal thoracic artery and radial artery as arterial conduits were used in CABG in Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nanjing Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University from April 2008 to August 2019 were consecutively enrolled. There were 436 males and 149 females, aging (63±10) years (range: 36 to 86 years). There were 40.7%(238/585) of patients had diabetes and 75.6%(442/585) of them had multivessel disease (two-vessel or three-vessel diseases). From January 2017, transit time flow measurement was performed on every patient. Demographic and perioperative data were retrospectively collected, as well as follow-up data for patients who underwent CABG from January 2014 to August 2019. Analysis were made on their early and late outcomes.Results:Most patients(81.9%(479/585)) in this cohort received on-pump CABG and 11 patients had intraoperative intro-aortic balloon counterpulsation (prior to CABG) support. Forty-three patients had concomitant valve procedures. The number of distal anastomosis was 3.6±0.9 (range: 2 to 6) and number of arterial distal anastomosis was 2.1±0.3(range:2 to 5). Radial artery was anastomosed to left obtuse marginal artery in 95.8%(560/585) patients. All target vessels for radial artery conduit had significant proximal stenosis (>70%) and 72.5%(424/585) patients′ target vessels had proximal stenosis which was >90%. Intraoperative transit-time flow measurement of 151 cases showed that radial artery conduits had a flow of (29.8±10.2) ml/minutes (range: 10 to 150 ml/minutes), and a pulsatility index of 2.5±1.4 (range: 0.7 to 5.0). There was no operative death. Two in-hospital deaths occurred more than 30 days after index surgery. There was no perioperative myocardial infarction. There were 188 patients who received CABG from January 2014 to August 2019 followed-up for a median duration of 3.2 years. There were 2 noncardiac deaths. No patient had myocardial infarction or myocardial revascularization.Conclusions:Radial artery as the second arterial conduit is a safe and effective strategy for CABG. Good selection of target vessel and intraoperative transit-time flow measurement may help achieve good patency, as well as the short and mid-term outcome.