Objective: To analyze the association between altitudes and nutritional status of children and adolescents, and to explore the moderating effects of dietary behaviors and physical activity, so as to provide a scientific basis for developing lifestyle interventions tailored to local conditions. Methods: From September to November 2023, physical examinations and questionnaire surveys were conducted among children and adolescents aged 7-17 in two autonomous regions, Inner Mongolia and Xizang, with a final sample of 156 511 participants by the stratified cluster random sampling method. Height and weight were measured to calculate body mass index (BMI). Sociodemographic characteristics, dietary behaviors, and physical activity were collected via questionnaires, while the altitude of each participant s school was obtained using Amap. Logistic regression was performed to examine the relationship between altitudes and nutritional status. Interaction terms and stratified analyses were applied to assess the moderating effects of dietary behaviors and physical activity. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) were used for visualization. Results: In 2023, the prevalence of wasting and overweight/obesity among children and adolescents in Xizang were 9.7% and 9.0%, respectively, compared to 2.9% and 22.0% in Inner Mongolia. Logistic regression analysis results showed that for every 1 km increase in altitude, the risk of wasting increased, while the risk of overweight/obesity decreased ( OR =1.43, 0.19, both P <0.05). The results of the stratified analysis showed that compared to those living at altitudes <1 km, children and adolescents with healthy diets showed no significant association between altitudes (1-<2 and 2-<3 km) and wasting ( OR =1.22, 0.75, both P >0.05), whereas significant associations were observed at 3-<4 and ≥4 km altitudes ( OR =2.25, 2.89, both P <0.05). In contrast, unhealthy dietary groups showed statistically significant associations across altitudes ( OR =1.18-4.04, all P <0.05), consistent with RCS results. No moderating effects were observed for physical activity on the altitude wasting association or for dietary behaviors and physical activity combined on the altitude overweight/obesity association ( P interaction =0.63, 0.10, 0.53). Conclusion Healthy dietary behaviors play a critical role in improving the nutritional status of children and adolescents and reducing regional disparities, providing a scientific foundation for public health policy formulation and implementation.

Objective To observe the interventional effects of complex probiotic powder on blood bio-chemical indices and vaginal flora in pregnant women with high risk of gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM). Methods One hundred and ten pregnant women with high risk of GDM recruited from the outpatient clinics of the obstetric department and nutrition department in this hospital were randomly divided into the probiotic intervention group (n=55) and the placebo control group (n=55).The intervention group was given 1 bag of complex probiotic powder per day,and the control group was given 1 bag of placebo powder.The colors,shapes,sizes and tastes of powders in the two groups remained the consistency.The intervention duration in this trial was 23 weeks.The questionnaire survey were conducted at baseline and at the intervention endpoint,and the blood biochemical indexes detections were performed at baseline,after 24-28 weeks of gestation,and after 34-38 weeks of gestation,respectively.In addition,the differences in the composition of the vaginal flora structure between the two groups of high risk pregnant women with GDM were detected at the intervention endpoint.Results A total of 97 cases were eventually included in the statistical analysis.Among them,there were 50 cases in the probiotic intervention group and 47 cases in the placebo control group.At the end of the 23 week intervention,there were no statistically significant differences in fasting blood glucose,red blood cells,hemoglobin,leukocytes,ferritin,total protein,albumin,glutamic transaminase,glutamic oxalate transam-inase and total bilirubin between the probiotic intervention group and placebo control group (P>0.05).In terms of vaginal flora,there was a significant difference in some indicators of α diversity between the probiotic group and placebo control group (P<0.05),and there was no significant difference in β diversity between the two groups (P>0.05).At the level of vaginal flora phyla,there were significant differences in the Firmicutes,Actinobacteria,Desulfobacterota,Deferribacterota,and δ-Myxococcota between the two groups (P<0.05).At the level of vaginal flora genera,the relative abundance of Lactobacillus spp.in the probiotic intervention group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05).Conclusion Complex probiotic pow-der supplementation may have a limited role in improving blood glucose and other related biochemical indica-tors in high-risk pregnant women with GDM.But it has a certain role in regulating the vaginal micro ecological balance in pregnant women with high risk of GDM.

Objective: To analyze the association between body mass index (BMI) and coronary heart disease. Methods: The data for the present study were from the prospective cohort study of China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) in Qingdao, a total of 33 355 participants aged 30-79 years were included in the study. Cox regression analyses were performed to evaluate the association between BMI and coronary heart disease. Results: During the follow-up for an average 9.2 years, a total of 2 712 cases of ischemic heart disease (IHD) and 420 cases of major coronary events (MCE) were found. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that, compared with participants with normal BMI, the participants who were overweight had a 41% and 87% higher risk of IHD and MCE, the adjusted HR were 1.41 (95%CI: 1.27-1.56) and 1.87 (95%CI: 1.43-2.44), respectively. The participants who were obesity had 91% and 143% higher risk of IHD and MCE, the adjusted HR were 1.91 (95%CI: 1.72-2.13) and 2.43 (95%CI: 1.82-3.24), respectively. Conclusion: Overweight and obesity might increase the risk for IHD and MCE.
Body Mass Index ; Coronary Disease/epidemiology* ; Humans ; Myocardial Ischemia/epidemiology* ; Obesity/epidemiology* ; Overweight/epidemiology* ; Prospective Studies

Mitochondria as a signaling platform play crucial roles in deciding cell fate. Many classic anticancer agents are known to trigger cell death through induction of mitochondrial damage. Mitophagy, one selective autophagy, is the key mitochondrial quality control that effectively removes damaged mitochondria. However, the precise roles of mitophagy in tumorigenesis and anticancer agent treatment remain largely unclear. Here, we examined the functional implication of mitophagy in the anticancer properties of magnolol, a natural product isolated from herbal

Objective:To investigate the therapeutic effect of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) transfected with recombinant rat platelet-derived growth factor BB (rrPDGF-BB) gene on the distraction osteogenesis.Methods:From October, 2019 to June, 2020, 48 batches of BMSCs were cultured from 48 young SD rats, 24 of which were transfected with rrPDGF-BB gene by lentivirus. Meanwhile, other 72 male adult SD rats were randomly selected to establish the right femoral distraction osteogenesis model. The rats were equally divided into 3 groups. PBS, BMSCs without intervention and BMSCs transfected with rrPDGF-BB gene were injected into the distraction space of each group of rats assigned as Blank group, Negative group and Experimental group, respectively. Results of the experiment were evaluated by means of imaging and immunohistochemistry. P<0.05 indicated a statistically significant difference. Results:The cultured BMSCs grew well. The expression of CD34(0.1%) and CD45(2.8%) in the third generation of BMSCs was low, and that of CD29 (95.1%) was high, which was consistent with the phenotype of BMSCs described in literatures. After transfection, the expression of green fluorescence gradually increased with the extension of transfection time, confirming the success of transfection. After 14 days, all rats reached the expected distance of distraction. The rats were observed at assigned time points in 2, 4 and 8 weeks. The photos of femur specimen showed that continuous callus could be seen in the experimental group, the hardness and colour were close to the normal bone tissue, and the activity of the distraction space was poor, which was lower than that of the blank group. X-ray examination showed that there were more new callus in the experimental group, and the bone marrow cavity was re-canalized earlier than that of the blank group; Micro-CT examination, in sagittal plane, showed that the distraction space of the experimental group healed well, the broken end was connected, and the recanalization of bone marrow cavity was earlier than that of the blank group; Micro-CT parameters of each group showed that trabecular thickness[(0.297±0.005) mm], trabecular number [(1.663±0.032) mm], bone volume fraction[(59.832±2.187)%] and bone mineral density[(0.586±0.014) g/cm 3] of the experimental group were the greatest, while trabecular separation[(0.399±0.051) mm] of the experimental group was the smallest. There was statistical difference between each group( P < 0.05); HE staining and VEGF immunohistochemistry showed that the vessels and chondrocytes formed earlier and were more in the experimental group than that in the blank group. In 8 weeks, the new callus joined into one piece under the microscope in the experimental group, and the bone marrow cavity was re-canalized with a large number of red blood cells. Conclusion:Studies have shown that BMSCs transfected with rrPDGF-BB gene can promote the formation of callus in the distraction area of rats, shorten the mineralisation time of new callus, and promote the maturation of new bone in the area of distraction osteogenesis.

Objective:To evaluate the association betweew family history of diabetes and incident diabetes of adults.Methods:A total of 49 266 participants in the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) study from Wuzhong district of Suzhou city were included in the analysis, after the exclusion of those with heart disease, stroke, cancer and diabetes at baseline survey. The person-year of follow-up was calculated from the date on completion of baseline survey to the date on any firstly-occurred event, i.e., diabetes incidence, death, loss of follow-up, or December 31, 2013. Cox regression model was used to estimate the hazards ratios of the association between family history of diabetes and incident diabetes.Results:During 348 677 person-years of the follow-up (median 7.08 years), a total of 423 men and 791 women were diagnosed as having diabetes. Compared to those without diabetic family history, participants with family history of diabetes showed a higher risk of diabetes, with a HR (95% CI) of 1.90 (1.57-2.29), and the risk increased with the number of relatives suffering from diabetes ( P for trend<0.05). The family history of maternal type, sibling type, and sibling and parental type had a statistically significant association with the risk of diabetes. The adjusted HR (95% CI) was 2.03 (1.45-2.77), 2.07 (1.56-2.68) and 2.39 (1.14-4.34), respectively. Modification effects of tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking, body mass index and physical activity on the association between diabetic family history and risk of diabetes were not observed in the study ( P for interaction>0.05). Conclusions:Diabetic family history is associated with the increased incident diabetes, and the risk increased with the number of relatives suffering from diabetes.

Objective:To evaluate the association betweew family history of diabetes and incident diabetes of adults.Methods:A total of 49 266 participants in the China Kadoorie Biobank (CKB) study from Wuzhong district of Suzhou city were included in the analysis, after the exclusion of those with heart disease, stroke, cancer and diabetes at baseline survey. The person-year of follow-up was calculated from the date on completion of baseline survey to the date on any firstly-occurred event, i.e., diabetes incidence, death, loss of follow-up, or December 31, 2013. Cox regression model was used to estimate the hazards ratios of the association between family history of diabetes and incident diabetes.Results:During 348 677 person-years of the follow-up (median 7.08 years), a total of 423 men and 791 women were diagnosed as having diabetes. Compared to those without diabetic family history, participants with family history of diabetes showed a higher risk of diabetes, with a HR (95% CI) of 1.90 (1.57-2.29), and the risk increased with the number of relatives suffering from diabetes ( P for trend<0.05). The family history of maternal type, sibling type, and sibling and parental type had a statistically significant association with the risk of diabetes. The adjusted HR (95% CI) was 2.03 (1.45-2.77), 2.07 (1.56-2.68) and 2.39 (1.14-4.34), respectively. Modification effects of tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking, body mass index and physical activity on the association between diabetic family history and risk of diabetes were not observed in the study ( P for interaction>0.05). Conclusions:Diabetic family history is associated with the increased incident diabetes, and the risk increased with the number of relatives suffering from diabetes.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) with bioinformatics analysis and search for potential biomarkers for clinical diagnosis of nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS: The gene expression profiling datasets of LUAD and LUSC were acquired. The transcriptome differences between LUAD and LUSC were identified using R language processing and t-test analysis. The differential expressions of the genes were shown by Venn diagram. The DEGs identified by GEO2R were analyzed with DAVID and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) to identify the signaling pathways and biomarkers that could be used for differential diagnosis of LUAD and LUSC. The TCGA data and the biomarker expression data from clinical lung cancer samples were used to verify the differential expressions of the Osteoarthritis pathway and LXR/RXR between LUAD and LUSC. We further examined the differential expressions of miR-181 and its two target genes, and , in 23 clinical specimens of lung squamous cell carcinoma and the paired adjacent tissues. RESULTS: GEO data analysis identified 851 DEGs (including 276 up-regulated and 575 down-regulated genes) in LUAD and 885 DEGs (including 406 up-regulated and 479 down-regulated genes) in LUSC. DAVID and IPA analysis revealed that leukocyte migration and inflammatory responses were more abundant in LUAD than in LUSC. Osteoarthritis pathway was inhibited in LUAD and activated in LUSC. IPA analysis showed that transcription factors (GATA4, RELA, YBX1, TP63 and MBD2), cytokines (WNT5A and IL1A) and microRNAs (miR-34a, miR-181b and miR-15a) differed significantly between LUAD and LUSC. miR-34a with IL-1A, miR-15a with YBX1, and miR-181b with WNT5A and MBD2 could serve as the paired microRNA and mRNA targets for differential diagnosis of NSCLC subtypes. Analysis of the clinical samples showed an increased expression of miR-181b-5p and the down-regulation of WNT5A, which could be used as molecular markers for the diagnosis of LUSC. CONCLUSIONS Through transcriptome analysis, we identified candidate genes, paired microRNAs and pathways for differentiating LUAD and LUSC, and they can provide novel differential diagnosis and therapeutic strategies for LUAD and LUSC.
Adenocarcinoma of Lung ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; MicroRNAs ; Y-Box-Binding Protein 1

In order to understand the status of the cultivation of the masters of public health (MPH) in colleges in China and improve the cultivation model, an electronic questionnaire survey were conducted among 22 schools of public health in colleges. The result showed that the size and the enrolment scale of Chinese MPH students were relatively small, and the training objectives were still unclear. There was no obvious difference between the curriculum setting for MPH and academic master degree. The practical skill-oriented courses and emergency response ability of public health practice were insufficient. The cultivation model of MPH should be improved in future.

To investigate the current status of postgraduates training in public health and preventive medicine in China. In this study, a questionnaire survey was conducted among directors of enrollment and teaching in 22 universities with postgraduate admission qualifications in corresponding disciplines nationwide. In 2016, full-time postgraduates were mainly academic masters. In addition to the graduate entrance examination, the common enrollment mode in colleges was to enroll a high qualified student with recommendations from relevant experts or institutions and an exemption from entrance examination (20/22). The emphasis on training contents between academic and public health master was different. Currently, the scale of public health postgraduate enrollment in public health and preventive medicine in China is stable, and the training program is reasonable, but there is an issue of monotonous model and uneven distribution of enrollment.