The plague is a infectious disease of natural focus. The occurrence of animal plague is a complex biological phenomenon, which is affected by many factors such as hosts, vectors, geographical landscapes, climate, human activities and so on. Its epidemiological patterns exhibit spatial and temporal characteristics. Therefore, the plague monitoring and early warning has always been the key to plague prevention and control, and remains a current research hotspot. In recent years, with the advancement of spatial epidemiology technology, it has been increasingly applied in plague prevention and control, and has made remarkable achievements in exploring the spatio-temporal relationships, influencing factors, monitoring and early warning of the plague. This article provides an overview of specific applications of spatial epidemiological methods in four areas, including spatial visualization of plague outbreaks, aggregation analysis, exploration of influencing factors, risk prediction and early warning. It aims to offer insights for the plague prevention and control personnel to better understand the suddenness and complexity of the plague from the perspective of spatial epidemiology, to uncover the epidemiological patterns of the plague, and to provide a reference for precise plague prevention and control.

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of lumbar lateral interbody fusion (LLIF) versus posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) in the treatment of severe lumbar spinal stenosis.Methods:The data of patients with severe lumbar spinal stenosis who underwent LLIF or PLIF from February 2019 to December 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 30 patients in the LLIF group, 10 males and 20 females, aged 62.7±5.6 years (range, 53-74 years), including 21 cases of single segment and 9 cases of double segment. There were 46 patients in the PLIF group, including 20 males and 26 females, aged 63.2±8.4 years (range, 43-75 years), 40 cases of single segment and 6 cases of double segment. The visual analogue scale (VAS), Oswestry disability index (ODI), intervertebral space height, intervertebral foramen height and postoperative complications were compared between the two groups.Results:All patients were followed up for an average of 21.3±6.4 months (range, 12-32 months). The intraoperative blood loss in the LLIF group was 112.2±76.9 ml, which was significantly lower than 193.9±88.2 ml in the PLIF group ( P<0.05). The VAS scores of back pain and leg pain after operation were significantly lower than those before operation in the two groups ( P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between groups in back pain VAS scores at preoperative, 6 months postoperative, and final follow-up ( P>0.05); the back pain VAS score at 1 month postoperatively in the LLIF group was 1.6±1.2, which was less than 2.8±0.7 in the PLIF group ( P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between groups in leg pain VAS scores at preoperative, 1 month postoperative, and 6 months postoperative ( P>0.05); the leg pain VAS score at the final follow-up in the LLIF group was 1.2±1.5, which was smaller than 1.8±1.0 in the PLIF group ( P<0.05). The postoperative ODI was smaller than the preoperative one in both groups, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05); the preoperative, 1-month postoperative, 6-month postoperative, and final follow-up ODIs in the LLIF group were 45.7%±16.0%, 17.9%±12.0%, 16.2%±11.6%, and 15.7%±11.7%, and those in the PLIF group were 47.9%±15.4%, 20.1%±9.3%, 16.9%±10.6%, and 14.6%±11.0% in the PLIF group, and the difference between the groups was not statistically significant ( P>0.05). The preoperative intervertebral space height in the LLIF group was 10.6±2.0 mm, which was smaller than that in the PLIF group 11.8±2.2 mm ( P<0.05). The intervertebral space heights in the immediate postoperative period and at the final follow-up were 13.3±2.3 mm and 12.3±2.2 mm in the LLIF group and 13.7±1.7 mm and 13.0±1.9 mm in the PLIF group ( P>0.05). The preoperative intervertebral foraminal height in the LLIF group was 18.0±3.2 mm, which was smaller than that of 19.7±2.4 mm in the PLIF group ( P<0.05); the intervertebral foraminal heights in the immediate postoperative period and at the final follow-up were 21.4±2.5 mm and 20.2±2.4 mm in the LLIF group, and in the PLIF group were 20.7±2.4 mm and 19.7±2.6 mm in the PLIF group ( P>0.05). In the LLIF group, 2 cases had femoral nerve injury and 2 cases had transient back pain after operation. There were 2 cases of cerebrospinal fluid leakage, 1 case of screw loosening, and 2 cases of deep vein thrombosis in the PLIF group. In the PLIF group, 2 patients underwent revision, including 1 case due to cage displacement and 1 case due to screw malposition. The fusion settling rate was 21% (8/39) in the LLIF group and 12% (6/52) in the PLIF group ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Both LLIF and PLIF can effectively restore the intervertebral height, improve the lumbar function and the symptoms of back and leg pain in the treatment of severe lumbar spinal stenosis.

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of open arthrolysis in the treatment of posttraumatic elbow stiffness.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the data of 407 patients with post-traumatic elbow stiffness treated by open arthrolysis surgery in Shandong Provincial Hospital from January 2010 to January 2024. The cohort included 303 males and 104 females, with a mean age of 38.98±10.90 years (range, 18-72 years) and mean body mass index (BMI) of 24.32±3.29 kg/m 2 (range, 17.91-33.41 kg/m 2). There were 230 patients with right-sided elbow stiffness, 159 patients with left-sided elbow stiffness, and 18 patients with bilateral elbow stiffness. Initial injuries included 21 patients of isolated elbow dislocation; 25 patients of soft tissue injury; and 361 patients of initial intra-articular elbow fractures, among which there were 200 patients of multiple fractures, 87 patients of single distal humerus fracture, 43 patients of single proximal ulna fracture, and 31 patients of single radial head fracture. Initial injuries were treated non-surgically in 69 cases and surgically in 338 cases, among which 177 cases were retained with internal fixation. There were 334 preoperative patients complicated with heterotopic ossification and 73 patients without heterotopic ossification, with 99 patients undergoing early release (stiffness duration <6 months) and 308 patients undergoing late release (stiffness duration ≥6 months). Record the range of motion (ROM) of the elbow joint, forearm rotational range (FRR), visual analogue scale (VAS), Mayo elbow performance score (MEPS), modified Broberg-Morrey score (MBS), Oxford elbow score (OES), and disability of arm, shoulder and hand (DASH) score before and after surgery, and conduct comparative analysis. Results:All patients were followed up for an average of 41.86±10.27 months (range, 13-119 months). At 12 months postoperatively, elbow ROM improved from preoperative 33.7°±26.5° to 101.2°±24.0°, elbow FRR improved from preoperative 101.4°±53.5° to 138.9°±38.7°, the MEPS increased from 60.1±14.7 to 91.5±10.1, the BMS increased from 57.5±12.8 to 83.7±11.0, the OES decreased from 31.6±7.3 to 16.0± 4.6, the DASH score decreased from 38.8±13.9 to 10.1±9.5, and the VAS decreased from 3.0±2.3 to 0.9±1.1, with all changes showing statistical significance ( P<0.05). In patients with preoperative heterotopic ossification, postoperative mean flexion range was 120.1°±15.5° and elbow ROM was 102.6°±23.4°. In patients without preoperative heterotopic ossification, postoperative mean flexion range was 113.9°±15.6° and elbow ROM was 93.4°±26.4°. Statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups in postoperative flexion range and flexion-extension ROM. There were no statistically significant differences in the postoperative above-mentioned indicators between early and late release patients ( P>0.05). The supination range and elbow FRR in patients with multiple fractures were lower than those in patients with distal humerus fractures and proximal ulna fractures; the DASH score in patients with multiple fractures was higher than that in patients with proximal ulna fractures and radial head fractures; the OES score in patients with multiple fractures was higher than that in patients with proximal ulna fractures, and all differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). Among 407 patients, complications included new-onset postoperative ulnar neuropathy in 61 cases, new heterotopic ossification in 11 cases, recurrent heterotopic ossification in 96 cases, elbow instability in 6 cases, and superficial surgical site infection in 2 cases. Conclusions:Open arthrolysis is an effective treatment option for post-traumatic elbow stiffness. Patients with preoperative heterotopic ossification have a greater postoperative flexion range and elbow flexion-extension range of motion. The surgical timing exerts no significant influence on the ultimate functional outcome of treatment in patients with post-traumatic elbow stiffness. Patients with different initial fracture sites exhibited significant differences in postoperative functional outcomes, including supination, DASH scores, and OES.

Objective:To investigate the correlations of KCNJ5 gene mutations and pathological subtypes based on 11β-hydroxylase (CYP11B1)/aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) immunohistochemistry with clinical characteristics and postoperative outcomes in patients with unilateral primary aldosteronism undergoing adrenalectomy.Methods:This retrospective study enrolled 155 patients with primary aldosteronism who underwent unilateral adrenalectomy at the Department of Hypertension, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, between May 2023 and May 2024. KCNJ5 mutations were detected by Sanger sequencing, and patients were stratified into KCNJ5-mutant and wild-type groups based on genetic results. The KCNJ5-mutant cohort was further subclassified into complete remission and partial remission groups according to surgical outcomes. For KCNJ5-mutant cases, postoperative tissues underwent immunohistochemical subtyping for CYP11B1/CYP11B2 expression, and were divided into the CYP11B2 mono-positive group (CYP11B1 -/CYP11B2 +) and the CYP11B1/CYP11B2 co-expression group (CYP11B1 +/CYP11B2 +). Correlations of KCNJ5 mutations and pathological subtypes with baseline characteristics, biochemical profiles, and postoperative outcomes in unilateral primary aldosteronism patients were analyzed. Results:A total of 100 patients were included in the final analysis, aged (51.1±11.0) years, including 35 females (35%). The somatic KCNJ5 mutation rate was 69% (69/100), with 69 KCNJ5-mutant and 31 wild-type cases. Compared to wild-type patients, KCNJ5-mutant patients were younger ((48.4±10.8) years vs. (56.9±9.3) years, P=0.000 2), had a higher female proportion (45% vs. 13%, P=0.004 0), exhibited lower preoperative renin levels (3.4 (1.1, 39.5) ng/L vs. 9.7 (2.7, 19.6) ng/L, P=0.009 1) and had a higher rate of complete clinical remission (55% vs. 16%, P=0.000 3). Among KCNJ5-mutant patients, 38 achieved complete remission and 31 achieved partial remission. The complete remission group demonstrated younger age ((45.6±10.2) years vs. (52.0±10.5) years, P=0.012 6), shorter hypertension duration ((6.2±6.1) years vs. (10.7±10.1) years, P=0.020 4), higher preoperative plasma (951.5 (652.2, 1 690.8) pmol/L vs. 749.8 (518.5, 955.4) pmol/L, P=0.027 7) and urinary ((86 271.4±51 873.8) pmol/24 h vs. (61 860.2±24 411.2) pmol/24 h, P=0.019 2) aldosterone levels, greater lateralization index (22.6 (10.1, 42.5) vs. 11.1 (5.1, 19.8), P=0.022 7), fewer baseline antihypertensive defined daily dose (2.6±1.3 vs. 4.0±1.3, P<0.000 1), and larger tumor diameter (1.5 (1.2, 1.8) cm vs. 1.1 (1.0, 1.5) cm, P=0.000 7). Immunohistochemical subtyping revealed CYP11B2 mono-positivity in 24 mutant cases and CYP11B1/CYP11B2 co-expression in 45. The CYP11B2 mono-positive group showed more pronounced postoperative reduction in antihypertensive defined daily dose (2.9±1.3 vs. 2.2±1.2, P=0.018 3), though no significant difference in complete remission rates (46% vs. 60%, P=0.259 8) was observed. Conclusion:In patients with unilateral primary aldosteronism, those carrying KCNJ5 somatic mutations exhibit characteristics such as younger age and a higher proportion of females compared to wild-type patients, along with significantly better surgical outcomes. Moreover, among patients with KCNJ5 mutations, those whose pathological subtype shows pure CYP11B2 expression demonstrate a more pronounced reduction in postoperative antihypertensive defined daily dose than those with co-expression of CYP11B1/CYP11B2.

This article mainly introduces Professor Xu Zhenye's experience in treating advanced colorectal cancer.According to Professor Xu,the pathogenesis of advanced colorectal cancer is mainly based on deficiency,supplemented by evils and realities,and most of the patients are suffering from deficiency of essence and Qi.The treatment should focus on replenishing the deficiency,followed by removing the evils and poisons.Professor Xu innovatively put forward the theory of"spleen deficiency and essence deficiency,supporting the positive to fight against cancer",treating intestinal cancer by strengthening the spleen,tonifying the kidney and nourishing the essence,supplemented by clearing heat and removing toxins to fight against tumour.

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of lumbar lateral interbody fusion (LLIF) versus posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF) in the treatment of severe lumbar spinal stenosis.Methods:The data of patients with severe lumbar spinal stenosis who underwent LLIF or PLIF from February 2019 to December 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. There were 30 patients in the LLIF group, 10 males and 20 females, aged 62.7±5.6 years (range, 53-74 years), including 21 cases of single segment and 9 cases of double segment. There were 46 patients in the PLIF group, including 20 males and 26 females, aged 63.2±8.4 years (range, 43-75 years), 40 cases of single segment and 6 cases of double segment. The visual analogue scale (VAS), Oswestry disability index (ODI), intervertebral space height, intervertebral foramen height and postoperative complications were compared between the two groups.Results:All patients were followed up for an average of 21.3±6.4 months (range, 12-32 months). The intraoperative blood loss in the LLIF group was 112.2±76.9 ml, which was significantly lower than 193.9±88.2 ml in the PLIF group ( P<0.05). The VAS scores of back pain and leg pain after operation were significantly lower than those before operation in the two groups ( P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between groups in back pain VAS scores at preoperative, 6 months postoperative, and final follow-up ( P>0.05); the back pain VAS score at 1 month postoperatively in the LLIF group was 1.6±1.2, which was less than 2.8±0.7 in the PLIF group ( P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference between groups in leg pain VAS scores at preoperative, 1 month postoperative, and 6 months postoperative ( P>0.05); the leg pain VAS score at the final follow-up in the LLIF group was 1.2±1.5, which was smaller than 1.8±1.0 in the PLIF group ( P<0.05). The postoperative ODI was smaller than the preoperative one in both groups, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05); the preoperative, 1-month postoperative, 6-month postoperative, and final follow-up ODIs in the LLIF group were 45.7%±16.0%, 17.9%±12.0%, 16.2%±11.6%, and 15.7%±11.7%, and those in the PLIF group were 47.9%±15.4%, 20.1%±9.3%, 16.9%±10.6%, and 14.6%±11.0% in the PLIF group, and the difference between the groups was not statistically significant ( P>0.05). The preoperative intervertebral space height in the LLIF group was 10.6±2.0 mm, which was smaller than that in the PLIF group 11.8±2.2 mm ( P<0.05). The intervertebral space heights in the immediate postoperative period and at the final follow-up were 13.3±2.3 mm and 12.3±2.2 mm in the LLIF group and 13.7±1.7 mm and 13.0±1.9 mm in the PLIF group ( P>0.05). The preoperative intervertebral foraminal height in the LLIF group was 18.0±3.2 mm, which was smaller than that of 19.7±2.4 mm in the PLIF group ( P<0.05); the intervertebral foraminal heights in the immediate postoperative period and at the final follow-up were 21.4±2.5 mm and 20.2±2.4 mm in the LLIF group, and in the PLIF group were 20.7±2.4 mm and 19.7±2.6 mm in the PLIF group ( P>0.05). In the LLIF group, 2 cases had femoral nerve injury and 2 cases had transient back pain after operation. There were 2 cases of cerebrospinal fluid leakage, 1 case of screw loosening, and 2 cases of deep vein thrombosis in the PLIF group. In the PLIF group, 2 patients underwent revision, including 1 case due to cage displacement and 1 case due to screw malposition. The fusion settling rate was 21% (8/39) in the LLIF group and 12% (6/52) in the PLIF group ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Both LLIF and PLIF can effectively restore the intervertebral height, improve the lumbar function and the symptoms of back and leg pain in the treatment of severe lumbar spinal stenosis.

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of open arthrolysis in the treatment of posttraumatic elbow stiffness.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on the data of 407 patients with post-traumatic elbow stiffness treated by open arthrolysis surgery in Shandong Provincial Hospital from January 2010 to January 2024. The cohort included 303 males and 104 females, with a mean age of 38.98±10.90 years (range, 18-72 years) and mean body mass index (BMI) of 24.32±3.29 kg/m 2 (range, 17.91-33.41 kg/m 2). There were 230 patients with right-sided elbow stiffness, 159 patients with left-sided elbow stiffness, and 18 patients with bilateral elbow stiffness. Initial injuries included 21 patients of isolated elbow dislocation; 25 patients of soft tissue injury; and 361 patients of initial intra-articular elbow fractures, among which there were 200 patients of multiple fractures, 87 patients of single distal humerus fracture, 43 patients of single proximal ulna fracture, and 31 patients of single radial head fracture. Initial injuries were treated non-surgically in 69 cases and surgically in 338 cases, among which 177 cases were retained with internal fixation. There were 334 preoperative patients complicated with heterotopic ossification and 73 patients without heterotopic ossification, with 99 patients undergoing early release (stiffness duration <6 months) and 308 patients undergoing late release (stiffness duration ≥6 months). Record the range of motion (ROM) of the elbow joint, forearm rotational range (FRR), visual analogue scale (VAS), Mayo elbow performance score (MEPS), modified Broberg-Morrey score (MBS), Oxford elbow score (OES), and disability of arm, shoulder and hand (DASH) score before and after surgery, and conduct comparative analysis. Results:All patients were followed up for an average of 41.86±10.27 months (range, 13-119 months). At 12 months postoperatively, elbow ROM improved from preoperative 33.7°±26.5° to 101.2°±24.0°, elbow FRR improved from preoperative 101.4°±53.5° to 138.9°±38.7°, the MEPS increased from 60.1±14.7 to 91.5±10.1, the BMS increased from 57.5±12.8 to 83.7±11.0, the OES decreased from 31.6±7.3 to 16.0± 4.6, the DASH score decreased from 38.8±13.9 to 10.1±9.5, and the VAS decreased from 3.0±2.3 to 0.9±1.1, with all changes showing statistical significance ( P<0.05). In patients with preoperative heterotopic ossification, postoperative mean flexion range was 120.1°±15.5° and elbow ROM was 102.6°±23.4°. In patients without preoperative heterotopic ossification, postoperative mean flexion range was 113.9°±15.6° and elbow ROM was 93.4°±26.4°. Statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups in postoperative flexion range and flexion-extension ROM. There were no statistically significant differences in the postoperative above-mentioned indicators between early and late release patients ( P>0.05). The supination range and elbow FRR in patients with multiple fractures were lower than those in patients with distal humerus fractures and proximal ulna fractures; the DASH score in patients with multiple fractures was higher than that in patients with proximal ulna fractures and radial head fractures; the OES score in patients with multiple fractures was higher than that in patients with proximal ulna fractures, and all differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). Among 407 patients, complications included new-onset postoperative ulnar neuropathy in 61 cases, new heterotopic ossification in 11 cases, recurrent heterotopic ossification in 96 cases, elbow instability in 6 cases, and superficial surgical site infection in 2 cases. Conclusions:Open arthrolysis is an effective treatment option for post-traumatic elbow stiffness. Patients with preoperative heterotopic ossification have a greater postoperative flexion range and elbow flexion-extension range of motion. The surgical timing exerts no significant influence on the ultimate functional outcome of treatment in patients with post-traumatic elbow stiffness. Patients with different initial fracture sites exhibited significant differences in postoperative functional outcomes, including supination, DASH scores, and OES.

Objective To analyze the differences of brain activity between first-episode untreated depressive patients with and without suicidal ideation(SI),and its correlations with clinical characteristics.Methods A total of 40 major depressive disorder(MDD)patients with SI(MDD+SI group),40 patients without SI MDD(MDD+NSI group),and 40 healthy controls(HC)(HC group)were enrolled.The 17-item Hamilton depression scale(HAMD-17)and Beck scale for suicide ideation(BSI)were used to assess the severity of depression and SI,respectively.MRI data were collected.The values of fractional amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation(fALFF)were calculated.Results(1)Compared with the HC group,the MDD+NSI group showed decreases in the fALFF val-ues of the default network and attention network.The fALFF values of the attention network in the MDD+SI group showed decreases.Compared with the MDD+NSI group,the MDD+SI group showed decreases in the fALFF values of the attention network.(2)The fALFF values in the left middle frontal gyrus were negatively correlated with the total score of HAMD-17(r=-0.55;P<0.001)in the MDD+NSI group,while the fALFF values in the left middle frontal gyrus were negatively correlated with the total score of HAMD-17(r=-0.53;P<0.001)and the total score of BSI(r=-0.51;P<0.001)in the MDD+SI group.(3)The optimal critical value of fALFF value in left middle frontal gyrus for predicting SI occurrence in MDD patients was-0.039,area under the curve(AUC)was 0.76,sensitivity was 0.63,and specificity was 0.80.Conclusion The decreased local activity intensity in the left middle frontal gyrus of the brain might be the central mechanism for the occurrence of SI in MDD patients.In addition,the left middle frontal gyrus might have certain value in identifying SI and predicting the severity of SI.

Objective:To investigate the effects of baicalin on ferroptosis of mouse fibroblasts (Fbs) under high glucose treatment and its mechanism, and to provide a basis for the treatment of diabetic wounds.Methods:The study was an experimental study. Mouse Fbs were collected and divided into control group with conventional culture, high glucose group treated with glucose at final molarity of 30.0 mmol/L, and low baicalin group and high baicalin group pretreated with baicalin at final molarties of 5 and 10 μmol/L respectively and then treated as that in high glucose group. After 48 h of culture, the cell survival rate was detected by the cell counting kit-8, the reactive oxygen species level in cells was detected by the fluorescent probe method, the levels of malondialdehyde, glutathione, and ferrous ion in cells were detected by colorimetry, and the protein expression levels of solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11) and glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) in cells and nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in cytoplasm and nucleus were detected by Western blotting. Another batch of mouse Fbs were collected and divided into control group, high glucose group, high baicalin group, and high baicalin+ML385 group. The cells in the first three groups were treated as before, the cells in the last group were pretreated with baicalin and ML385 of Nrf2 inhibitor at final molarties of 10 μmol/L and then treated as that in high glucose group. After 48 h of culture, the protein expression levels of SLC7A11 and GPX4 in cells and the protein expression level of Nrf2 in cytoplasm and nucleus were detected as before. Except that the sample number in detecting SLC7A11 and GPX4 was 4, the sample number in detecting other indexes was 3.Results:After 48 h of culture, the cell survival rates in control group, high glucose group, low baicalin group, and high baicalin group were (100.0±10.7)%, (70.0±5.0)%, (80.9±3.2)%, and (91.4±1.9)%, respectively. Compared with those in control group, the cell survival rate, the glutathione level, and SLC7A11 and GPX4 protein expression levels in cells, and nuclear Nrf2 protein expression level were significantly decreased in high glucose group ( P<0.05), and the levels of reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, and ferrous ion in cells, and cytoplasmic Nrf2 protein expression level were significantly increased in high glucose group ( P<0.05). Compared with those in high glucose group, the cell survival rate, glutathione level, SLC7A11 and GPX4 protein expression levels in cells, and nuclear Nrf2 protein expression level in low baicalin group and high baicalin group were significantly increased ( P<0.05), the reactive oxygen species and ferrous ion levels in cells, and cytoplasmic Nrf2 protein expression level in low baicalin group and high baicalin group were significantly decreased ( P<0.05), and the malondialdehyde level in cells in high baicalin group was significantly decreased ( P<0.05). Compared with those in low baicalin group, the cell survival rate, glutathione level, SLC7A11 and GPX4 protein expression levels in cells, and nuclear Nrf2 protein expression level in high baicalin group were significantly increased ( P<0.05), and the reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde, and ferrous ion levels in cells, and cytoplasmic Nrf2 protein expression level in high baicalin group were significantly decreased ( P<0.05). After 48 h of culture, compared with those in control group, the nuclear Nrf2 protein expression level and SLC7A11 and GPX4 protein expression levels in cells were significantly decreased ( P<0.05), and the cytoplasmic Nrf2 protein expression level was significantly increased in high glucose group ( P<0.05); compared with those in high glucose group, the cytoplasmic Nrf2 protein expression level was significantly decreased ( P<0.05), and the nuclear Nrf2 protein expression level and SLC7A11 and GPX4 protein expression levels in cells were significantly increased in high baicalin group ( P<0.05); compared with those in high baicalin group, the cytoplasmic Nrf2 protein expression level was significantly increased ( P<0.05), and the nuclear Nrf2 protein expression level and SLC7A11 and GPX4 protein expression levels in cells were significantly decreased in high baicalin+ML385 group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Baicalin can inhibit the occurrence of ferroptosis in cells by activating the Nrf2 signaling pathway and up-regulating the expressions of proteins related to SLC7A11/GPX4 axis in Fbs in high glucose treatment, thus increasing the cell survival rate.

The discovery of streptomycin in 1943 marked a new era in plague treatment. Over the subsequent eight decades, significant advances have been made through the implementation of various antibiotics, both as monotherapy and in combination regimens. These treatments have included aminoglycosides (such as streptomycin and gentamicin), tetracyclines, sulfonamides, chloramphenicol, quinolones, and beta-lactams, which have dramatically cut down the death rate from plague infections. However, due to bacterial adaptation mechanisms, Yersinia pestis can develop diminished sensitivity or resistance to certain antibiotics. This article examines the resistance mechanisms of Yersinia pestis and analyzes antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and resistance in plague treatment, aiming to provide scientific evidence for clinicians to understand the current status of traditional and new antibiotics in plague treatment and improve the treatment level of plague patients.