To improve the targeted therapeutic effect of magnolol (Mag) on neuroblastoma, Mag-loaded mitochondria-targeting immunoliposomes modified by datuximab (aGD2) and triphenylphosphine (TPP) (Mag/aGD2-T-ILN) were prepared, and their physicochemical properties, targeting characteristics and anti-tumor activity were evaluated. Physico-chemical properties showed that the surface of Mag/aGD2-T-ILN was smooth and spherical, with good dispersibility. The particle sizes, PDI and Zeta potentials of Mag/aGD2-T-ILN were measured to be (136.5 ± 5.1) nm, 0.184 ± 0.010 and (27.5 ± 3.6) mV, respectively. Mag/aGD2-T-ILN could release the drug continuously and slowly, and maintain good stability at 4 ℃. Cytotoxicity test exhibited that the IC50 of 2-ME/aGD2-T-ILN was (4.07 ± 0.48) µmol/L, and compared with free Mag, the toxicity of Mag/aGD2-T-ILN to SH-SY5Y cells increased by 6.4 times. Cellular binding and uptake assays suggested that Rho-aGD2-T-ILN could specifically target GD2-positive tumor cells and then further reach their mitochondria. Therapeutic efficacy indicated that Mag/aGD2-T-ILN could better suppress the growth of SH-SY5Y tumor cells in the body with lower toxicity and less side-effects. The results demonstrated that the Mag/aGD2-T-ILN nanoparticles system could achieve intracellular endocytosis through specific binding of antibodies and antigens between the carrier and the surface of tumor cells and electrostatic interaction, then effectively delivered and released the drugs into mitochondria by crossing the mitochondrial phospholipid membrane through TPP, and thus achieving mitochondria-targeting therapy of Mag/aGD2-T-ILN. Through the construction of this active targeting delivery system, the clinical application value of datuximab and Mag is improved, providing a novel approach for the clinical treatment of neuroblastoma.

Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of minimally invasive mitral valvuloplasty (MVP) in the treatment of infective endocarditis (IE) with mitral regurgitation (MR). Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of patients who underwent MVP for IE with MR at the Department of Cardiovascular Surgery in Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University from 2016 to 2020. Patients were divided into two groups based on the surgical incision: those with a right mini-thoracotomy were classified as a minimally invasive surgery (MIS) group, and those with a median sternotomy (MS) were classified as an MS group. All patients had isolated mitral valve involvement. Perioperative data were analyzed, and mid- to long-term outcomes were compared between the two groups. Results A total of 86 patients were included, with 40 in the MIS group [22 males and 18 females, with a mean age of (39.78±15.36) years ranging from 14 to 75 years] and 46 in the MS group [27 males and 19 females, with a mean age of (49.94±16.13) years ranging from 14 to 71 years]. The patients in the MIS group were relatively younger (P=0.004) with better preoperative cardiac function (P=0.004). There was no statistical difference in preoperative fever, gender, or comorbidities between the two groups (P>0.05). The MIS group had shorter postoperative ventilation times, less postoperative 24-hour drainage, less blood transfusion, and shorter total hospital stays compared to the MS group (P＜0.05). There was no statistical difference in cardiopulmonary bypass times or ICU stays between the two groups (P>0.05). The perioperative complication rates and mortality rates were not significantly different between the two groups (P>0.05). Follow-up was conducted for 11-92 months, with a mean duration of (49±19) months and an overall follow-up rate of 91.9%. During the follow-up, 3 patients in each group required reoperation for mitral valve issues, with no statistical difference in incidence (7.5% vs. 6.5%, P=0.691). There were no warfarin-related complications, recurrences, or deaths in either group during follow-up. Multivariate regression analysis identified age, preoperative cardiac function, and surgeon experience as influencing factors for the choice of surgical approach. Conclusion Minimally invasive MVP for IE with MR is relatively safe in the perioperative period and shows significant efficacy, with clear mid- to long-term outcomes. It is recommended for younger patients with better preoperative cardiac function and when performed by surgeons with extensive experience in mitral valvuloplasty.

Objective: To determine 17 types of phthalic acid esters (PAEs) in drinking water using solid-phase extraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. Methods: One litre of commercially available bottled water was purified using an HLB solid-phase extraction column, and was eluted with ethyl acetate, dichloromethane and average methanol. Seventeen types of PAEs were detected using a triple quadrupole gas chromatography-mass spectrometer in MRM mode. By optimizing the temperature programming and adjusting the mass spectrometry collision energy, collection efficiency was improved and matrix interference was reduced. The precision and accuracy of this method were assessed by determining the standard curves, detection limits, quantification limits, relative standard deviations (RSD) and average spiked recovery rates for the 17 types of PAEs. Results: The 17 types of PAEs showed good linear relationships between mass concentration and chromatographic peak areas in the range of 0.02 to 1.0 mg/L, with correlation coefficients all greater than 0.999 1. The detection limits ranged from 0.002 9 to 0.009 7 mg/kg, the quantification limits ranged from 0.008 7 to 0.029 1 mg/kg, the RSD ranged from 0.8% to 3.0%, and the average spiked recovery rates ranged from 88.8% to 111.8%. Conclusion Solid-phase extraction coupled with MRM of GC-MS can better determine low concentrations of PAEs in drinking water.

BACKGROUND:In the follow-up after unicompartmental knee arthroplasty,some patients have knee pain,among which postmenopausal obese women are the most common. As an important index to measure the degree of body obesity,whether body mass index is related to the curative effect after unicompartmental knee arthroplasty and whether obesity will affect the function of knee joint after operation are worthy of further study.OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of postmenopausal obese women undergoing medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty,and to determine the influence of body mass index on the quality of life after unicompartmental knee arthroplasty.METHODS:Female postmenopausal patients who underwent medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty for the first time due to medial knee pain from January 2017 to January 2019 in the Fourth Clinical Medical College of Xinjiang Medical University were enrolled. A total of 270 cases were included according to inclusion and exclusion criteria,and were divided into 4 groups according to preoperative body mass index:There were 42 cases in normal group (body mass index 18.5-22.9 kg/m2),58 cases in overweight group (body mass index 23.0-24.9 kg/m2),122 cases in obese group (body mass index 25.0-29.9 kg/m2),and 48 cases in severely obese group (body mass index ≥30 kg/m2). Hospital for Special Surgery score,Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index score,knee range of motion,visual analog scale score,and hip-knee-ankle angle were compared before,after and at the last time in each group. Patients were followed up to record the time of use of prostheses after surgery and reasons for failure or revision. The effective utilization rate of prostheses was calculated and compared in each group. Survival curve was used for statistical analysis of the effective utilization rate of prostheses.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) There was no significant difference in postoperative follow-up time,knee joint range of motion,visual analog scale score,and hip-knee-ankle angle between the groups (P>0.05). (2) The Hospital for Special Surgery score and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index score of each group in final follow-up were significantly improved compared with those before surgery (P<0.05),and the postoperative effect was obvious in each group (P<0.05). Regarding Hospital for Special Surgery score,the improvement effect was worse in the severely obese group. (3) The comparison of hip-knee-ankle angle between all groups immediately after surgery and the last follow-up showed that there were significant differences between the other groups at two time points (P<0.05) except the normal group (P>0.05). (4) The effective utilization rate of prosthesis in normal,overweight,obesity,and severely obese groups was 100％,95％,94％,and 94％,respectively,and there was no significant difference between the groups (x2=2.532,P=0.469). (5) It is indicated that body mass index of postmenopausal obese women had no significant effect on the effective utilization rate of medial unicompartmental prosthesis. Obesity is an important factor affecting the postoperative knee function score and the effective utilization rate of prosthesis.Weight should be properly controlled before and after unicompartmental knee arthroplasty. At the same time,female body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2 is not the best indication for unicompartmental knee arthroplasty. It is suggested that female patients undergoing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty should controlbody mass index below 30 kg/m2.

Objective To investigate the changes in serum level of heat shock protein 70(HSP70),intestinal fatty acid binding protein(IFABP)in patients with severe multiple injuries and their relationship with intestinal function damage.Methods Cases data from ninety-eight patients with multiple injuries admitted to Beijing Temple of Heaven Hospital Affiliated to Capital Medical University from December 2021 to December 2023 were collected as the diseased group.They were separated into mild group(n=52)and severe group(n=46)based on the Injury Severity Score(ISS).Additionally,42 healthy controls that underwent physical examinations were regarded as the control group.ELISA was applied to detect serum HSP70 and IFABP level.General clinical data were collected and analyzed.Multivariate Logistic regression was applied to analyze the influencing factors of the severity of multiple injuries patients.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was applied to analyze the diagnostic value of serum HSP70 and IFABP for the degree of intestinal function damage in patients with severe multiple injuries.Spearman method was applied to analyze the correlation between serum HSP70,IFABP with ISS and degree of intestinal function damage.Results Compared with the control group,serum level of HSP70 and IFABP in the diseased group was significantly increased(P＜0.05).The ISS,intensive care unit(ICU)hospitalization time,serum HSP70,and IFABP levels in the severe group were higher than those in the mild group(P＜0.05).The ISS,ICU hospitalization time,and serum level of HSP70 and IFABP were all believed to be the risk factors affecting the severity of multiple injuries patients(P＜0.05).Compared with the mild group,the serum HSP70 and IFABP level in the severe group were significantly increased(P＜0.05).The AUC of HSP70,IFABP,and combined diagnosis for the degree of intestinal function dam-age in patients was 0.837,0.817,and 0.950,respectively.The combined diagnosis was obviously better than indi-vidual diagnosis of HSP70(Z=2.200,P=0.028)and IFABP(Z=2.007,P=0.045).There was a positive correlation between serum HSP70,IFABP,with ISS,the degree of intestinal function damage(P＜0.05).Conclusions The serum level of HSP70 and IFABP in patients with severe multiple injuries are significantly in-creased,which are closely related to the degree of intestinal function damage.So the results may facilitate diagnoses and severity evaluation of intestinal function damage of patients.

Objective:To explore the epidemiological characteristics, imaging findings, pulmonary function changes, dust exposure situations, and treatment outcomes of accelerated silicosis through an analysis of existing literature.Methods:In December 2024, relevant literature from January 1, 1965 to December 15, 2024 was retrieved through the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Database, VIP Database, EMbase, and PubMed databases. Keywords included "rapidly progressive silicosis" "accelerated silicosis" "subacute silicosis""artificial stone" and related terms. By incorporating, analyzing, and retrieving data from literatures, a comprehensive review of the epidemiology, clinical features, treatment options, and prognosis of fast forward silicosis was conducted.Results:A total of 72 literatures were included, including 23 cohort studies, 28 case reports, 3 case-control studies, and 18 cross-sectional studies. The average age of all 1794 patients was 33.67 years, with an average dust exposure duration of 5.58 years. The primary occupations associated with accelerated silicosis were stone processing, mining, and artificial quartz stone manufacturing. Imaging findings predominantly included small nodules, ground-glass opacities, and massive fibrosis. Antifibrotic treatment at the early stage of the disease could clearly delay disease progression. However, dust concentrations in workplaces were significantly above safety limits, with inadequate protective measures.Conclusion:Accelerated silicosis is characterized by its rapid onset, swift progression, and unfavorable prognosis. However, it has not garnered adequate attention in the present context. Reliable standard and guidelines are urgently needed to guide clinical diagnosis and treatment.

BACKGROUND:In the follow-up after unicompartmental knee arthroplasty,some patients have knee pain,among which postmenopausal obese women are the most common. As an important index to measure the degree of body obesity,whether body mass index is related to the curative effect after unicompartmental knee arthroplasty and whether obesity will affect the function of knee joint after operation are worthy of further study.OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of postmenopausal obese women undergoing medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty,and to determine the influence of body mass index on the quality of life after unicompartmental knee arthroplasty.METHODS:Female postmenopausal patients who underwent medial unicompartmental knee arthroplasty for the first time due to medial knee pain from January 2017 to January 2019 in the Fourth Clinical Medical College of Xinjiang Medical University were enrolled. A total of 270 cases were included according to inclusion and exclusion criteria,and were divided into 4 groups according to preoperative body mass index:There were 42 cases in normal group (body mass index 18.5-22.9 kg/m2),58 cases in overweight group (body mass index 23.0-24.9 kg/m2),122 cases in obese group (body mass index 25.0-29.9 kg/m2),and 48 cases in severely obese group (body mass index ≥30 kg/m2). Hospital for Special Surgery score,Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index score,knee range of motion,visual analog scale score,and hip-knee-ankle angle were compared before,after and at the last time in each group. Patients were followed up to record the time of use of prostheses after surgery and reasons for failure or revision. The effective utilization rate of prostheses was calculated and compared in each group. Survival curve was used for statistical analysis of the effective utilization rate of prostheses.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) There was no significant difference in postoperative follow-up time,knee joint range of motion,visual analog scale score,and hip-knee-ankle angle between the groups (P>0.05). (2) The Hospital for Special Surgery score and Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index score of each group in final follow-up were significantly improved compared with those before surgery (P<0.05),and the postoperative effect was obvious in each group (P<0.05). Regarding Hospital for Special Surgery score,the improvement effect was worse in the severely obese group. (3) The comparison of hip-knee-ankle angle between all groups immediately after surgery and the last follow-up showed that there were significant differences between the other groups at two time points (P<0.05) except the normal group (P>0.05). (4) The effective utilization rate of prosthesis in normal,overweight,obesity,and severely obese groups was 100％,95％,94％,and 94％,respectively,and there was no significant difference between the groups (x2=2.532,P=0.469). (5) It is indicated that body mass index of postmenopausal obese women had no significant effect on the effective utilization rate of medial unicompartmental prosthesis. Obesity is an important factor affecting the postoperative knee function score and the effective utilization rate of prosthesis.Weight should be properly controlled before and after unicompartmental knee arthroplasty. At the same time,female body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2 is not the best indication for unicompartmental knee arthroplasty. It is suggested that female patients undergoing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty should controlbody mass index below 30 kg/m2.

Objective:To explore the epidemiological characteristics, imaging findings, pulmonary function changes, dust exposure situations, and treatment outcomes of accelerated silicosis through an analysis of existing literature.Methods:In December 2024, relevant literature from January 1, 1965 to December 15, 2024 was retrieved through the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Database, VIP Database, EMbase, and PubMed databases. Keywords included "rapidly progressive silicosis" "accelerated silicosis" "subacute silicosis""artificial stone" and related terms. By incorporating, analyzing, and retrieving data from literatures, a comprehensive review of the epidemiology, clinical features, treatment options, and prognosis of fast forward silicosis was conducted.Results:A total of 72 literatures were included, including 23 cohort studies, 28 case reports, 3 case-control studies, and 18 cross-sectional studies. The average age of all 1794 patients was 33.67 years, with an average dust exposure duration of 5.58 years. The primary occupations associated with accelerated silicosis were stone processing, mining, and artificial quartz stone manufacturing. Imaging findings predominantly included small nodules, ground-glass opacities, and massive fibrosis. Antifibrotic treatment at the early stage of the disease could clearly delay disease progression. However, dust concentrations in workplaces were significantly above safety limits, with inadequate protective measures.Conclusion:Accelerated silicosis is characterized by its rapid onset, swift progression, and unfavorable prognosis. However, it has not garnered adequate attention in the present context. Reliable standard and guidelines are urgently needed to guide clinical diagnosis and treatment.

The neuroimmune system is crucial for the development， aging， and damage of the central nervous system， and has gradually become a research hotspot. Triggeringreceptor expressed on myeloid cells-2 （TREM2） is a transmembrane receptor of the immunoglobulin superfamily and is mainly expressed in the microglia in the central nervous system. An increasing number of studies indicate that TREM2 has great potential to improve cognitive dysfunction related to Alzheimer's disease， vascular dementia， Parkinson's disease， postoperative cognitive impairment， obesity， etc. However， there is a lack of a systematic summary of the specific role of TREM2 in cognitive dysfunction. This paper reviews the progress in the latest research on the related mechanisms of TREM2 in cognitive dysfunction， in order to provide new strategies for the treatment of cognitive dysfunction.

Restless legs syndrome (RLS) and ischemic cerebrovascular disease (ICVD) are two common disorders in neurology departments that place a significant economic burden on patients′ families and society. In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to the relationship between the two, but there is no clear-cut conclusion that RLS may be both a consequence of ICVD and associated with an increased risk of developing ICVD and poor functional outcome. This article summarizes the latest research findings on ICVD and RLS in China and abroad, with a view to providing a better understanding of their interaction and pathophysiological mechanisms, as well as providing some references for the early prevention and treatment of ischemic cerebrovascular events and rehabilitation.